Dinasti Séljuk

Séljuk (ogé Turki Séljuk,"Seljuq Turks" in various scholastic sources Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks, Seljuq; dina basa Turki Selçuklular; dina  Saljūqīyān); nyaéta hiji dinasti Turko-PérsiaHottinger, Arnold, The Arabs, (University of California Press, 1963), 90; "..and for these Turko-persian Seljuks who now ruled the largest Islamic state..."Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din Nishapuri (2001), “The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq-nama of Zahir al-Din Nishapuri,” Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK.  K.A. Luther: "... the Turks were illiteratre and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the Empire”(pg 9)Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turks: The History of the Seljuq Turks". Journal of Islamic Studies 2002 13(1):75–76; doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies.
Bosworth, C. E. (2001). "Notes on Some Turkish Names" in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299–313.
Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
 Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani Origins and Identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.
 Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.* Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, 2005, p. 399
 Michael Mandelbaum, Central Asia and the World, Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79
 Jonathan Dewald, Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."
Ram Rahul. March of Central Asia, Indus Publishing, page 124.
C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, 2000.
Mehmed Fuad Koprulu, Early Mystics in Turkish Literature, Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff, Routledge, 2006, pg 149.
O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK )
Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK) Muslim Sunni anu ngawasaan bagian Asia Tengah jeung Wétan Tengah ti abad ka-11 nepi ka abad ka-14. Dinasti ieu ngadegkeun hiji kakaisaran, Kakaisaran Séljuk Raya. Dinasti ieu pituin dina konféderasi séké-sélér Tukoman di Asia Tengah. Sanggeus datang ka Pérsia, Séljuk ngadopsi budaya Pérsia Sarta maké basa Pérsia salaku basa resmi pamaréntahan,Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., Saldjukids, Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online: “Culturally, the constituting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in Ottoman civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century. sarta katémbong salakiu sesepuh ti urang Turki Kulon – pangeusi Azerbaijan, Turki, jeung Turkménistan kiwari.

Pangawasa Séljuk
Pangawasa Dinasti Séljuk
 Gelar Jenengan pribados Période kakawasaanBey Tughril 1016-1063Sultan Alp Arslan1063-1072SultanJalāl al-Dawlah Malik Shah I1072-1092SultanNasir al-Duniya wa al-Din Mahmud bin Malik Shah1092-1094SultanAbul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din Barkiyaruq bin Malik Shah1094–1105SultanMuizz al-Din Malik Shah II1105Sultan</small>Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din Muhammad Tapar1105-1118Sultan</small>Muizz al-Din *Ahmad Sanjar1118–1153 Dinasti Khwarezmiyah ngagentos dinsati Séljuk. Ti 1157, Oghuz nyandak kadali kana sabagian Khurasan, kalawan sésanaaya dina émir Seljuk.
Putrana Muhammad, Mahmud II neraskeun anjeunna di Pérsia kulon, tapi Ahmad Sanjar, anu keur éta minangka gubernur Khurasan, salaku sesepuh kulawargi, janten Sultan Séljuk Raya.

Sultan Séljuk Hamadan
 Mahmud II 1118–1131
1131-1134 - Dipaséakeun
 Dawud
 Mas'ud  (di Jibal jeung Azerbaijan Iran) 1131
 Toghrul II 1132–1134
 Mas'ud 1133–1152
 Malik Shah III 1152–1153
 Muhammad II
 Suleiman Shah 1160–1161
 Arslan Shah 1161–1174
 Toghrul III 1174–1194

Dina 1194, Tugrul III ditelasan dina patempuran jeung Shah Khwarezm, anu nganéksasi Hamadan.

Pangawasa Séljuk Kerman
Kerman nyaéta hiji propinsi di Pérsia kidul. Antawis 1053 jeung 1154, wewengkonna ngawengku ogé Umman.
 Qawurd 1041–1073
 Kerman Shah 1073–1074
 Sultan Shah 1074–1075
 Hussain Omar 1075–1084
 Turan Shah I 1084–1096
 Iran Shah 1096–1101
 Arslan Shah I 1101–1142
 Mehmed I (Muhammad) 1142–1156
 Toğrül Shah 1156–1169
 Bahram Shah 1169–1174
 Arslan Shah II 1174–1176
 Turan Shah II 1176–1183
 Muhammad Shah 1183–1187
Muhammad ninggalkeun Kerman, anu direbut ku pupuhu séké Oghuz, Malik Dinar. Kerman ahirna dianéksasi ku Kakaisaran Khwarezmiyah dina 1196.

Pangawasa Séljuk di Suriah
 Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1085–1086
 Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I ti Gréat Seljuq 1086–1087
 Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1087–1094
 Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (kadua) 1094–1095
 Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan 1095–1113
 Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 1113–1114
 Sultan Shah 1114–1123
Ka Artuqids

Sultan/Émir Damaskus:
 Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076–1079
 Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079–1095
 Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095–1104
 Tutush II 1104
 Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104
Damaskus direbut ku Burid Toghtekin

Sultan Séljuk Rûm (Anatolia)

 Kutalmish 1060–1077
 Suleyman I (Suleiman) 1077–1086
 Dawud Kilij Arslan I 1092–1107
 Malik Shah 1107–1116
 Rukn ad-Din Mesud I 1116–1156
 Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156–1192
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I 1192–1196
 Suleyman II (Suleiman) 1196–1204
 Kilij Arslan III 1204–1205
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I (second time) 1205–1211
 Izz ad-Din Kaykaus I 1211–1220
 Ala ad-Din Kayqubad I 1220–1237
 Ghiyath ad-Din  Kaykhusraw II 1237–1246
 Izz ad-Din Kaykaus II 1246–1260
 Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248–1265
 Ala ad-Din Kayqubad II 1249–1257
 Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw III 1265–1282
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II 1282–1284
 Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III 1284
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (kadua) 1284–1293
 Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (kadua) 1293–1294
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (katilu) 1294–1301
 Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (katilu) 1301–1303
 Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (kaopat) 1303–1307

Tingali ogé
Kakaisaran Séljuk Raya
Kasultanan Rûm
Dinasti Ottoman
Daptar dinasti Muslim Sunni

 Catetan 

Bacaan salajengna

Péacock, A.C.S, éarly Seljuq History : A New Interpretation; New York, NY ; Routledge; 2010


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