Kakaisaran Romawi

Kakaisaran Romawi () nyaéta jaman pasca-Républik ti peradaban Romawi kuna, dicirian ku wangun pamaréntahan otokrasi sarta kakawasaan wewengkon nu lega di Éropa jeung sadeukeuteun Méditérania."Roman Empire", Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008

Dina ahir abad ka-3 Maséhi, Diocletian ngadegkeun sarta mraktékkeun babagian kakawasaan antawis 4 kaisar (kawanoh salaku katétraan) sangkan leuwih alus ngamankeun wewengkonna nu lega, ngahirkeun Krisis Abad KAtilu. Nalika dékade sanggeusna, Kakaisaran remen dibagi kana poros Wétan/Kulon. Sanggeus pupusna Theodosius I dina 395, kakaisaran dibagi pikeun nu pangahirna.Chester G. Starr, A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, 1974. pp. 670–678.

Kakaisaran Romawi Kulon ngahir dina 476 basa Romulus Augustus dipaksa turn tahta pikeun raja perang Jérmanik, Odoacer.Isaac Asimov. Asimov's Chronology of the World. Harper Collins, 1989. p. 110. Romawi Wétan atanapi Kakaisaran Bizantium ngahir dina 1453 nalika pupusna Konstantin XI sarta labuhna Konstantinopel ka Mehmed II, pamingpin Turki Ottoman.Asimov, p. 198.

 Kiwari 
Wewengkon Kakaisaran Romawi ayeuna mangrupa bagian ti nagara:




















































</div>

 Catean jeung rujukan 


 John Bagnell Bury, A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius, 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5
 Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7
 J. A. Crook, Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212, 1967, ISBN 0-8014-9273-4
 Donald R. Dudley, The Civilization of Rome, 2nd ed., 1985, ISBN 0-452-01016-0
 Arther Ferrill, The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation, Thames and Hudson, 1988, ISBN 0-500-27495-9

 Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776–1789
 Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Punic Wars, Cassell & Co, 2000, ISBN 0-304-35284-5
 Goldsworthy, Adrian. In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire, Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3
 Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army, Thames and Hudson, 2003, ISBN 0-500-05124-0
 Michael Grant, The History of Rome, Faber and Faber, 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X
 Benjamin Isaac, "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-814926-3
 Andrew Lintott, Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration, 1993, ISBN 0-415-09375-9
 Edward Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-2158-4

 Antonio Santosuosso, Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire, Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X

 Tumbu kaluar 

 Adena, L. The 'Jesus Cult' and the Roman State in the Third Century , Clio History Journal, 2008.
 Roman battlefield unearthed deep inside Germany
 BBC Romans for Children
 Classics Unveiled 
 Complete map of the Roman Empire in year 100 
 Detailed history of the Roman Empire
 Historical Atlas (Swedish)
 Roman Numismatic Gallery 
 The Celts and Romans
 The Roman Empire
 The Roman Empire in the First Century from PBS
 UNRV Roman History
 The Romans 

Kategori:Nu bubar taun 476
Kategori:Nu bubar taun 1453
Kategori:Urut nagara di Samenanjung Italia

Kategori:Nagara Romawi
Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 27 SM

cs:Starověký Řím#Císařství