DVB

DVB, singgetan tina Digital Vidéo Broadcasting, nyaéta hiji suite standar bébas nu ditarima sacara internasional keur televisi digital. Standar DVB diropéa ku DVB Project, hiji konsorsium industri nu anggotana leuwih ti 270, tur dipublikasikeun ku hiji Joint Technical Committee (JTC) antara European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) jeung European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
Interaksi sub-standar DVB dijéntrékeun dina DVB Cookbook (DVB-Cook).

 Transmisi 

Sistim DVB nyebarkeun data maké sababaraha cara, kaasup ngaliwatan satelit (DVB-S, DVB-S2 katut DVB-SH; ogé DVB-SMATV keur distribusi ngaliwatan SMATV); kabel (DVB-C); televisi téréstrial (DVB-T) jeung televisi téréstrial digital keur handheld (DVB-H); sarta ngaliwatan gelombang mikro maké DTT (DVB-MT), MMDS (DVB-MC), jeung/atawa standar MVDS (DVB-MS)

These standards define the physical layer and data link layer of the distribution system. Devices interact with the physical layer via a synchronous parallel interface (SPI), synchronous serial interface (SSI), or asynchronous serial interface (ASI). All data is transmitted in MPEG-2 transport streams with some additional constraints (DVB-MPEG). A standard for temporally compressed distribution to mobile devices (DVB-H) was published in November 2004.

These distribution systems differ mainly in the modulation schemes used, due to the different technical constraints. DVB-S (SHF) uses QPSK, 8PSK or 16-QAM. DVB-S2 uses QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK or 32APSK, at the broadcasters decision. QPSK and 8PSK are the only versions regularly used. DVB-C (VHF/UHF) uses QAM: 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM or 256-QAM. Lastly, DVB-T (VHF/UHF) uses 16-QAM or 64-QAM (or QPSK) in combination with COFDM and hierarchical modulation

 Eusi 
Besides audio and vidéo transmission, DVB also defines data connections (DVB-DATA - EN 301 192) with return channels (DVB-RC) for several media (DECT, GSM, PSTN/ISDN, satellite etc.) and protocols (DVB-IPTV: Internet Protocol; DVB-NPI: network protocol independent).

Older technologies such as teletext (DVB-TXT) and vertical blanking interval data (DVB-VBI) are also supported by the standards to éase conversion. However for many applications more advanced alternatives like DVB-SUB for sub-titling are available.

 Enkripsi jeung metadata 

The conditional access system (DVB-CA) defines a common scrambling algorithm (DVB-CSA) and a physical Common Interface (DVB-CI) for accessing scrambled content. DVB-CA providers develop their wholly proprietary conditional access systems with reference to these specifications. Multiple simultanéous CA systems can be assigned to a scrambled DVB program stréam providing operational and commercial flexibility for the service provider.

DVB is also developing a Content Protection and Copy Management system for protecting content after it has been received (DVB-CPCM), which is intended to allow flexible use of recorded content on a home network or beyond, while preventing unconstrained sharing on the Internet. DVB-CPCM has been the source of much controversy in the popular press and
it's said that CPCM is the DVB's answer to the failed American Broadcast Flag. 

DVB transports include metadata called Service Information (DVB-SI, ETSI EN 300 468, ETSI TR 101 211) that links the various elementary stréams into coherent programs and provides human-réadable descriptions for electronic program guides as well as for automatic séarching and filtering.

Recently, DVB has adopted a profile of the metadata defined by the TV-Anytime Forum (DVB-TVA, ETSI TS 102323). This is an XML Schema based technology and the DVB profile is tailored for enhanced Personal Digital Recorders. DVB lately also started an activity to develop a solution for IPTV (DVB-IPI, ETSI TR 102033, ETSI TS 102034, ETSI TS 102814) which also includes metadata definitions for a broadband content guide (DVB-BCG, ETSI publication expected December 2006).

 Software platform 
The DVB Multimedia Home Platform (DVB-MHP) defines a Java-based platform for the development of consumer vidéo system applications. In addition to providing abstractions for many DVB and MPEG-2 concepts, it provides interfaces for other féatures like network card control, application download, and layered graphics.

List of other user interaction software platforms.

 Saluran keur balik deui (return channel) 
DVB has standardised a number of return channels that work together with DVB(-S/T/C) to créate bi-directional communication. RCS is short for Return Channel Satellite, and specifies return channels in C, Ku and Ka frequency bands with return bandwidth of up to 2 Mbit/s. DVB-RCT is short for Return Channel Terrestrial, specified by ETSI EN 301958

 Adopsi 

DVB-S and DVB-C were ratified in 1994. DVB-T was ratified in éarly 1997. The first commercial DVB-T broadcasts were performed by the United Kingdom's Digital TV Group (DTG) in late 1998. In 2003 Berlin, Germany was the first aréa to completely stop broadcasting analog TV signals. Many Européan countries aim to be fully covered with digital television by 2010 and switch off PAL/SECAM services by then.

In its origin Europe, in Australia, South Africa and India DVB is used throughout the aréas it covers or is at léast decided to be. This also holds true for cable and satellite in most Asian, African and many South American countries. Many of these have not yet selected a format for digital terrestrial broadcasts (DTTV) and a few (Canada, Mexico and South Korea) chose ATSC instéad of DVB-T.

In Malaysia, a new Pay-TV station MiTV  began service in September 2005 using IPTV over DVB-T technology while lone satellite programming provider ASTRO has been transmitting in DVB-S since its inception in 1996. Free-to-air DVB-T trials began in late 2006 with a simulcast of both RTM1 and RTM2 plus a new channel called RTM3/RTMi. In April 2007, RTM announced that the outcome of the test is favorable and expects DVB-T to go public by the end of 2007. Analog shut-off date is also announced to be sometime in 2015.

With the exception of Sky PerfecTV!, Japan uses different formats in all aréas (ISDB), which are however quite similar to their DVB counterparts. SkyPerfect is a satellite provider using DVB on their 124 and 128 degrees éast satellites. Their satellite at 110 degrees éast does not use DVB, however.

In North America, DVB-S is often used in signal compression and encoding of digital satellite communications alongside Hughes DSS. Unlike Motorola's DigiCipher 2 standard, DVB has a wider adoption in terms of the number of manufacturers of receivers. Cable operators either use DVB-C or OpenCable. Terrestrial HDTV broadcasts use ATSC digital encoding with 8VSB modulation instéad of DVB-T's COFDM.

In Hong Kong, several cable TV operators such as TVB Pay Vision and Cable TV have alréady started using DVB-S or DVB-C. The government has decided digital terrestrial broadcasting will start not later than 2007, and it is up to the broadcasters to decide which system to use. Originally it was thought that mainland China would adopt DVB-T, but instéad they have decided to créate their own digital television standard, the DMB-T/H standard, made in collaboration of two Chinese universities.

As of 2005, DVB-T television sets are not significantly more expensive than analog television sets.  Most popular in Europe are the set-top boxes that enable DVB-T to be received through an ordinary analogue television, with the price dropping remarkably in the last yéar.

In New Zealand, DVB broadcasting is marketed under the Freeview brand name.  DVB-S broadcasts via satellite began on 2 May 2007 and DVB-T (terrestrial) broadcasts are scheduled to begin in éarly 2008.  Initially, consumers will be required to purchase set-top boxes, as DVB-capable TV sets are not yet available in New Zéaland.

 Produk nu cocog jeung DVB 

Companies that manufacture a product that is compliant to one or more DVB standards have the option of régistering a Declaration of Conformity for that product.  Wherever the DVB trademark is used in relation to a product – be it a broadcast, a service, an application or equipment – the product must be régistered with the DVB Project Office.

 Tempo ogé 
 Standar ATSC
 DVB-C (Digital Vidéo Broadcasting - Cable)
 Digital terrestrial television (DTT atawa DTTV)
 Digital audio broadcasting (DAB)
 Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)
 Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB)
 DVB-CPCM - Content Protection and Content Management
 ETSI Satellite Digital Radio (SDR)
 FTA Receiver
 IPTV
 List of digital television deployments by country

 Rujukan 

 Tumbu luar 
 DVB Project
 DVB Fact Sheets including an introduction to the DVB Project
 Official DVB-H Information
 DVB Services Sarl, MHP PKI Root Certificate Authority
 DVB-T broadcasting with Linux
 DVBOwners News Bites 
 DVB Worldwide
 Information on DVB-CPCM from the DVB Project including a Fact Sheet and FAQ
 DVB resources  DVB history, technical information and resources
 DVB Adoption Map, DVB.org

Kategori:Televisi digital
Kategori:High-definition television
Kategori:Standar bébas