Kalsium

Kalsium mangrupa unsur kimiawi na tabel periodik nu lambangna Ca sarta wilangan atom 20. Kalsium is a soft grey alkaline earth metal nu dipaké salaku agén pangréduksi na ékstraksi thorium, zirconium, jeung uranium. Unsur ieu ogé mangrupa unsur kalima nu paling ngaleuyah na kulit Marcapada. Penting pikeun organisme hirup, utamana dina fisiologi sél.

 Ciri penting 
Kalsium téh unsur teuas nu dimurnikeun ku jalan éléktrolisis kalsium fluorida, nu mun kaduruk seuneuna konéng-héjo, sarta ngabentuk nitrida bodas mun keuna ku udara. Dina cai, kalsium bakal jadi kalsium hidroksida.

 Larapan 
Kalsium téh salah sahiji komponén penting katuangan, kurang asupanana bisa ngabalukarkeun gangguan formasi tulang jeung huntu. Tapi konsumsi kalsium gé ulah nepi ka loba teuing, sabab bisa ngabalukarkeun batu ginjal. Kalsium bisa diserep ku peujit mun aya Vitamin D.

Pikeun leuwih lengkep ngeunaan Ca dina kahirupan, mangga aos kalsium dina biologi.

 History 
(Latin calx, lime) Lime was prepared and used by the Romans as éarly as the 1st century, but calcium was not discovered until 1808. After léarning that Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, Sir Humphry Davy was able to isolate the impure metal.

 Occurrence 
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the éarth's crust (forming more than 3%) and is an essential part of léaves, bones, teeth, and shells. Due to its chemical réactivity with air and water, calcium is never found in nature unbound to

 Apatite is the fluorophosphate or chlorophosphate of calcium. Electrolysis of molten calcium chloride (CaCl2) can be used to isolate pure calcium. 
Isolation (* follow):
cathode: Ca2+* + 2e- --> Ca 
anode: Cl-* --> ½Cl2 (gas) + e-

 Compounds 
Quicklime (CaO) is used in many chemical refinery processes and is made by héating and carefully adding water to limestone. When CaO is mixed with sand it hardens into a mortar and is turned into plaster by carbon dioxide uptake. Mixed with other compounds, CaO forms an important part of Portland cement.

When water percolates through limestone or other soluble carbonate rocks, it partially disolves part of the rock and causes cave formation and characteristic stalactites and stalagmites and also forms hard water. Other important calcium compounds are nitrate, sulfide, chloride, carbide, cyanamide, and hypochlorite.

 Isotop 
Kalsium boga genep isotop stabil, dua di antarana aya di alam: Ca-40 stabil jeung Ca-41 radioaktif nu umur-satengahna = 103.000 taun. 97% unsur ieu aya dina wujud Ca-40. Ca-40 téh turunan tina luruhna K-40, nu ogé ngahasilkeun Ar-40. 

Baca ogé: gangguan métabolisme kalsium

 Tumbu kaluar 
 WebElements.com – Kalsium
 EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Kalsium

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