Tabel lambang matematis

Matematika mindeng pisan ngagunakeunsakumpulan lambang pikeun éksprési matematisna.
Pikeun nu icikibung dina widang matematik mah, moal kukumaha, tapi pikeun nu arang nempo, sigana kudu mindeng ngapalkeun.
Di handap ieu dibéréndélkeun rupa-rupa lambang matematis katut ngarana, éjahanana, jeung saeutik dadaranana.

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<tr>
<td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>+
<td>tambah
<td>plus
<td>aritmétik
<tr> <td colspan=3>4 + 6 = 10 nu hartina mun opat ditambahkeun ka genep, jumlahna, atawa hasilna, nyéta 10. <tr> <td colspan=3>43 + 65 = 108; 2 + 7 = 9

<tr>
<td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>−
<td>kurang
<td>minus
<td>aritmétik
<tr> <td colspan=3>9 − 4 = 5 nu hartina mun salapan dikurangan opat, hasilna bakal lima. Tanda minus ogé nandakeun yén hiji angka négatif. Pikeun conto, 5 + (−3) = 2 hartina mun lima ditambahkeun jeung négatif tilu, hasilna dua.<tr> <td colspan=3>36 − 5 = 31

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>⇒→
  <td>material implication
  <td>implies; if .. then
  <td>propositional logic
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ⇒ B méans: if A is true then B is also true; if A is false then nothing is said about B.→ may méan the same as ⇒, or it may have the méaning for functions mentioned further down
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x = 2  ⇒  x2 = 4 is true, but x2 = 4   ⇒  x = 2 is in general false (since x could be −2)

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>⇔↔
  <td>material equivalence
  <td>if and only if; iff
  <td>propositional logic
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ⇔ B méans: A is true if B is true and A is false if B is false
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x + 5 = y + 2  ⇔  x + 3 = y

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∧
  <td>logical conjunction or meet in a lattice
  <td>and
  <td>propositional logic, lattice theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>the statement A ∧ B is true if A and B are both true; else it is false
 <tr> <td colspan=3>n < 4  ∧  n > 2  ⇔  n = 3 when n is a natural number

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∨
  <td>logical disjunction or join in a lattice
  <td>or
  <td>propositional logic, lattice theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>the statement A ∨ B is true if A or B (or both) are true; if both are false, the statement is false
 <tr> <td colspan=3>n ≥ 4  ∨  n ≤ 2  ⇔ n ≠ 3 when n is a natural number

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>¬/
  <td>logical negation
  <td>not
  <td>propositional logic
 <tr> <td colspan=3>the statement ¬A is true if and only if A is falsea slash placed through another operator is the same as "¬" placed in front
 <tr> <td colspan=3>¬(A ∧ B) ⇔ (¬A) ∨ (¬B); x ∉ S  ⇔  ¬(x ∈ S)

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∀
  <td>universal quantification
  <td>for all; for any; for éach
  <td>predicate logic
  <td colspan=3>∀ x: P(x) méans: P(x) is true for all x
  <td colspan=3>∀ n ∈ N: n2 ≥ n

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3  bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∃
  <td>existential quantification
  <td>there exists
  <td>predicate logic
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∃ x: P(x) méans: there is at léast one x such that P(x) is true
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∃ n ∈ N: n + 5 = 2n

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>=
  <td>equality
  <td>equals
  <td>everywhere
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x = y méans: x and y are different names for precisely the same thing
 <tr> <td colspan=3>1 + 2 = 6 − 3

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>:=≡:⇔
  <td>definition
  <td>is defined as
  <td>everywhere
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x := y or x ≡ y méans: x is defined to be another name for y (but note that ≡ can also méan other things, such as congruence)P :⇔ Q méans: P is defined to be logically equivalent to Q
 <tr> <td colspan=3>cosh x := (1/2)(exp x + exp (−x)); A XOR B :⇔ (A ∨ B) ∧ ¬(A ∧ B)

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>{ , }
  <td>set brackets
  <td>the set of ...
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{a,b,c} méans: the set consisting of a, b, and c
 <tr> <td colspan=3>N = {0,1,2,...}

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>{ : }{ | }
  <td>set builder notation
  <td>the set of ... such that ...
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{x : P(x)} méans: the set of all x for which P(x) is true. {x | P(x)} is the same as {x : P(x)}.
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{n ∈ N : n2 < 20} = {0,1,2,3,4}

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∅{}
  <td>empty set
  <td>empty set
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{} méans: the set with no elements; ∅ is the same thing
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{n ∈ N : 1 < n2 < 4} = {}

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∈∉
  <td>set membership
  <td>in; is in; is an element of; is a member of; belongs to
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>a ∈ S méans: a is an element of the set S; a ∉ S méans: a is not an element of S
 <tr> <td colspan=3>(1/2)−1 ∈ N; 2−1 ∉ N

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>⊆⊂
  <td>subset
  <td>is a subset of
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ⊆ B méans: every element of A is also element of BA ⊂ B méans: A ⊆ B but A ≠ B
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ∩ B ⊆ A; Q ⊂ R

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∪
  <td>set theoretic union
  <td>the union of ... and ...; union
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ∪ B méans: the set that contains all the elements from A and also all those from B, but no others
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ⊆ B  ⇔  A ∪ B = B

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∩
  <td>set theoretic intersection
  <td>intersected with; intersect
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A ∩ B méans: the set that contains all those elements that A and B have in common
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{x ∈ R : x2 = 1} ∩ N = {1}

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>\
  <td>set theoretic complement
  <td>minus; without
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A \ B méans: the set that contains all those elements of A that are not in B
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{1,2,3,4} \ {3,4,5,6} = {1,2}

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>( )[ ]{ }
  <td>function application; grouping
  <td>of
  <td>set theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>for function application: f(x) méans: the value of the function f at the element xfor grouping: perform the operations inside the parentheses first
 <tr> <td colspan=3>If f(x) := x2, then f(3) = 32 = 9; (8/4)/2 = 2/2 = 1, but 8/(4/2) = 8/2 = 4

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>f:X→Y
  <td>function arrow
  <td>from ... to
  <td>functions
 <tr> <td colspan=3>f: X → Y méans: the function f maps the set X into the set Y
 <tr> <td colspan=3>Consider the function f: Z → N defined by f(x) = x2

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>N
  <td>natural numbers
  <td>N
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>N méans {0,1,2,3,...}, but see the article on natural numbers for a different convention.
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{|a| : a ∈ Z} = N

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>Z
  <td>integers
  <td>Z
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>Z méans: {...,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,...}
 <tr> <td colspan=3>{a : |a| ∈ N} = Z

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>Q
  <td>rational numbers
  <td>Q
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>Q méans: {p/q : p,q ∈ Z, q ≠ 0}
 <tr> <td colspan=3>3.14 ∈ Q; π ∉ Q

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>R
  <td>real numbers
  <td>R
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>R méans: {limn→∞ an : ∀ n ∈ N: an ∈ Q, the limit exists}
 <tr> <td colspan=3>π ∈ R; √(−1) ∉ R

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>C
  <td>complex numbers
  <td>C
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>C méans: {a + bi : a,b ∈ R}
 <tr> <td colspan=3>i = √(−1) ∈ C

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center><>
  <td>comparison
  <td>is less than, is gréater than
  <td>partial orders
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x < y méans: x is less than y; x > y méans: x is gréater than y
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x < y  ⇔  y > x

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>≤≥
  <td>comparison
  <td>is less than or equal to, is gréater than or equal to
  <td>partial orders
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x ≤ y méans: x is less than or equal to y; x ≥ y méans: x is gréater than or equal to y
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x ≥ 1  ⇒  x2 ≥ x

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>√
  <td>square root
  <td>the principal square root of; square root
  <td>real numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>√x méans: the positive number whose square is x
 <tr> <td colspan=3>√(x2) = |x|

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∞
  <td>infinity
  <td>infinity
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∞ is an element of the extended number line that is gréater than all réal numbers; it often occurs in limits
 <tr> <td colspan=3>limx→0 1/|x| = ∞

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>π
  <td>pi
  <td>pi
  <td>Euclidean geometry
 <tr> <td colspan=3>π méans: the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diaméter
 <tr> <td colspan=3>A = πr² is the aréa of a circle with radius r

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>!
  <td>factorial
  <td>factorial
  <td>combinatorics
 <tr> <td colspan=3>n! is the product 1×2×...×n
 <tr> <td colspan=3>4! = 24

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>| |
  <td>absolute value
  <td>absolute value of
  <td>numbers
 <tr> <td colspan=3>|x| méans: the distance in the real line (or the complex plane) between x and zero
 <tr> <td colspan=3>|a + bi| = √(a2 + b2)

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>|| ||
  <td>norm
  <td>norm of; length of
  <td>functional analysis
 <tr> <td colspan=3>||x|| is the norm of the element x of a normed vector space
 <tr> <td colspan=3>||x+y|| ≤ ||x|| + ||y||

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∑
  <td>summation
  <td>sum over ... from ... to ... of
  <td>arithmetic
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∑k=1n ak méans: a1 + a2 + ... + an
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∑k=14 k2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 = 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∏
  <td>product
  <td>product over ... from ... to ... of
  <td>arithmetic
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∏k=1n ak méans: a1a2···an
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∏k=14 (k + 2) = (1  + 2)(2 + 2)(3 + 2)(4 + 2) = 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 = 360

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∫
  <td>integration
  <td>integral from ... to ... of ... with respect to
  <td>calculus
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∫ab f(x) dx méans: the signed area between the x-axis and the graph of the function f between x = a and x = b
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∫0b x2 dx = b3/3; ∫x2 dx = x3/3

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>f '
  <td>derivative
  <td>derivative of f; f prime
  <td>calculus
 <tr> <td colspan=3>f '(x) is the derivative of the function f at the point x, i.e., the slope of the tangent there
 <tr> <td colspan=3>If f(x) = x2, then f '(x) = 2x and f '&apos;(x) = 2

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∇
  <td>gradient
  <td>del, nabla, gradient of
  <td>calculus
 <tr> <td colspan=3>∇f (x1, …, xn) is the vector of partial derivatives (df / dx1, …, df / dxn)
 <tr> <td colspan=3>If f (x,y,z) = 3xy + z² then ∇f = (3y, 3x, 2z)
A transparent image for text is: Image:Del.svg (Image:Del.svg).

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>∂
  <td>partial
  <td>partial derivative of
  <td>calculus
 <tr> <td colspan=3> With f (x1, …, xn), ∂f/∂xi is the derivative of f with respect to xi, with all other variables kept constant.
 <tr> <td colspan=3> If f(x,y) = x2y, then ∂f/∂x = 2xy

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>⊥
  <td>perpendicular
  <td>is perpendicular to
  <td>orthogonality
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x ⊥ y méans: x is perpendicular to y; or more generally x is orthogonal to y.
 <tr> <td colspan=3>

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>⊥
  <td>bottom element
  <td>the bottom element
  <td>lattice theory
 <tr> <td colspan=3>x = ⊥ méans: x is the smallest element. 
 <tr> <td colspan=3>

 <tr>
  <td rowspan=3 bgcolor=#d0f0d0 align=center>
  <td>insert more (suggestions are the inequality symbols); some symbols are used in examples before they are defined
  <td>
  <td>
 <tr> <td colspan=3>
 <tr> <td colspan=3>

Mun sababaraha lambang ieu dipaké dina artikel Wikipédia, aya hadéna méré saeutik dadaran ngeunaan lambang éta.

Artikel Wikipédia:Cara ngédit kaca ngandung émbaran ngeunaan cara ngetikkeun lambangg-lambang matematis ieu na artikel Wikipédia.

Tumbu kaluar
 Jeff Miller: ''éarliest Uses of Various Mathematical Symbols, https://web.archive.org/web/20081204035420/http://members.aol.com/jeff570/mathsym.html
 TCAEP - Institute of Physics, http://www.tcaep.co.uk/science/symbols/maths.htm 

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