Hadiah Nobel Kimia

Nu meunangkeun Hadiah Nobel widang kimia, disusun nurutkeun taun ti nu pangmimitina.

1901Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions
1902Hermann Emil Fischer
kanggo damelna ngeunaan sintésis gula jeung purin
1903Svante August Arrhenius
kanggo téori disosiasi elektrolitik (tempo ion)
1904Sir William Ramsay
for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air
1905Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
kanggo damelna ngeunaan organic dyes jeung senyawa hidroaromatik
1906Henri Moissan
kanggo panalungtikan anjeunna dina isolasi unsur florin, sarta kanggo electric furnace called after him
1907Eduard Buchner
for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation
1908Ernest Rutherford
for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances
1909Wilhelm Ostwald
his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction
1910Otto Wallach
for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds
1911Marie Sklodowska-Curie
for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium
1912Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier
for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent and for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds
1913Alfred Werner
for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules
1914Theodore William Richards
for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements
1915Richard Martin Willstätter
for his researches on plant pigments
1918Fritz Haber
for his synthesis of ammonia
1920Walther Hermann Nernst
for his work in thermochemistry
1921Frederick Soddy
for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes
1922Francis William Aston
for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule
1923Fritz Pregl
for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances
1925Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used
1926 The (Théodor) Svedberg
for his work on disperse systems
1927Heinrich Otto Wieland
for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances
1928Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins
1929Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes
1930Hans Fischer
for his researches into haemin and chlorophyll 
1931Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods
1932Irving Langmuir
for his work in surface chemistry
1934Harold Clayton Urey
for his discovery of heavy hydrogen
1935Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie
for their synthesis of new radioactive elements
1936Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases
1937Walter Norman Haworth, Paul Karrer
for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C and for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2
1938Richard Kuhn
for his work on carotenoids and vitamins
1939Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt, Leopold Ruzicka
for his work on sex hormones and for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes
1943George de Hevesy
for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes
1944Otto Hahn
for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei
1945Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry
1946James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized and for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form
1947Sir Robert Robinson
for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids
1948Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis
1949William Francis Giauque
for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics
1950Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder
for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.
1951Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg
for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements
1952Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge
for their invention of partition chromatography
1953Hermann Staudinger
for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry
1954Linus Carl Pauling
for his research into the nature of the chemical bond
1955Vincent du Vigneaud
for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone
1956Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions
1957Lord Alexander R. Todd
for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes
1958Frederick Sanger
for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin
1959Jaroslav Heyrovsky
for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis
1960Willard Frank Libby
for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination
1961Melvin Calvin
for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
1962Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew
for their studies of the structures of globular proteins
1963Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
for their discoveries relating to high polymers
1964Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances
1965Robert Burns Woodward
for his achievements in organic synthesis
1966Robert Sanderson Mulliken
for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules
1967Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions
1968Lars Onsager
for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name
1969Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hassel
for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation
1970Luis F. Leloir
for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates
1971Gerhard Herzberg
for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals
1972Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
for his work on ribonuclease and for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule
1973Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds
1974Paul J. Flory
for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules
1975John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions
1976William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.
for his studies on the structure of boranes
1977Ilya Prigogine
for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics
1978Peter D. Mitchell
for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory
1979Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis
1980Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
for his studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids and for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids
1981Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions
1982Aaron Klug
for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy 
1983Henry Taube
for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions
1984Robert Bruce Merrifield
for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix
1985Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures
1986Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes
1987Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity
1988Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre
1989Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA
1990Elias James Corey
for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis
1991Richard R. Ernst
for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
1992Rudolph A. Marcus
for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems
1993Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry
1994George A. Olah
for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
1995Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
for their work in atmospheric chemistry
1996Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley
for their discovery of fullerenes
1997Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase
1998Walter Kohn, John A. Pople
for his development of the density functional theory and for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry
1999Ahmed H. Zewail
for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy
2000Alan J Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
for their discovery and development of conductive polymers
2001William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions and for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions
2002Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka
for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules
2003Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes
2004Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
2005Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock
for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis
2006Roger D. Kornberg
for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription
2007Gerhard Ertl
for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces
2008Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien
for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

 Tumbu kaluar 
 http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/index.html
 Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners

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