Filsafat

Filsafat sacara étimologis ngandung harti 'cinta kawijakan', tina basa Yunani 'philo' (wijak) jeung 'sofia' (cinta). Kiwari, istilah ieu mibanda ambahan anu lega ngawengku pangaweruh atawa kawijakan ngeunaan zat fundaméntal ngeunaan hirup, paéh, harti, kanyataan, jeung bebeneran. Istilah ieu bisa ogé nujul kana karya koléktif para filsuf utama; bisa dihartikeun éksplorasi akademis tina rupa-rupa pananya nu diangkat ku para filsuf; atawa bisa ogé dihartikeun kritik, pola pikir anu kréatif.

Dina sajarahna, seueur élmu mandiri saperti fisika jeung psikologi, nu baheula mah masih katingali minangka bagian tina filsafat. Sanajan kitu, dina pamakéan istilah modéren, éta élmu dianggap minangka disiplin akademik anu misah. Tradisi-tradisi anu boga pangaruh dina sajarah filsafat diantarana filsafat Kulon, Arab-Persia, India, Sunda, Islam, jeung Cina. Filsafat Kulon asalna ti Yunani Kuno sarta ngawengku rupa-rupa widang filsafat. Topik utama dina filsafat Arab-Persia nyaéta hubungan antara akal jeung wahyu. Filsafat India ngahijikeun masalah spiritual ngeunaan kumaha carana ngahontal pencerahan, ngajajah hakekat kanyataan, sarta cara ngahontal élmu pangaweruh. Sedengkeun filsafat Cina museurkeun utamana kana masalah praktis ngeunaan tingkah sosial anu leres, pamaréntahan, jeung budidaya diri.

Cabang utama filsafat nyaéta épistemologi, étika, logika, jeung métafisika. Épistemologi ngulik naon ari pangaweruh sarta kumaha cara ngahontalna. Étika nalungtik prinsip-prinsip moral jeung naon nu jadi dasar tingkah nu bener. Logika téh ulikan ngeunaan cara mikir anu leres sarta nalungtik kumaha carana ngabédakeun argumén anu alus jeung anu goréng. Métafisika nalungtik sipat umum pangjerona realita, kaayaan, obyék, jeung sipat-sipatna. Subwidang séjénna di antarana nyaéta éstétika, filsafat basa, filsafat pikiran, filsafat agama, filsafat élmu, filsafat matematika, filsafat sajarah, jeung filsafat pulitik. Dina unggal cabang aya sakola filsafat anu silih tanding, ngusulkeun prinsip, téori, atawa métode béda-béda.

Para filsuf ngagunakeun rupa-rupa métode pikeun ngahontal pangaweruh filosofi. Di antarana analisis konseptual, ngandelkeun akal séhat jeung intuisi, ngagunakeun percobaan pamikiran, analisis kana basa sapopoé, déskripsi pangalaman, jeung nanya sacara kritis. Filsafat aya patalina jeung seueur widang séjén, kaasup élmu sains, matematika, bisnis, hukum, jeung jurnalistik. Filsafat méré sudut pandang interdisipliner sarta ngulik lingkup jeung konsép dasar widang-widang éta. Éta ogé nalungtik métode jeung implikasi étikana.

 Baca ogé 
 Filsafat Kulon
 Sajarah filsafat kulon 
 Filsafat Wétan 
 Filsafat Cina 
 Filsafat Buda 
 Filsafat Hindu 
 Filsafat Islam
 Filsafat Yahudi
 Filsafat Rusia
 Filsafat Jepang
 Daptar filsuf
 Filsafat analitik

 Bibliografi 
 Pamuka 
 pakeun nu anyar 
 Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction karya Edward Craig
 The Complete Idiot's Guide to Philosophy (éd. ka-2) karya Jay Stevenson 
 Sophie's World karya Jostein Gaarder
 Majalah Philosophy Now
 Big Questions: A Short Introduction to Philosophy karya Robert C. Solomon
 A Short History of Philosophy karya Robert C. Solomon & Kathleen M. Higgins
 The Problems of Philosophy  karya Bertrand Russell
 Philosophy: The Basics karya Nigel Warburton.
 Sober, E. 2001. Core Questions in Philosophy: A Text with Readings. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall.
 What Philosophy Is

 Pamuka jejer 
 A Short History of Modern Philosophy karya Roger Scruton
 World Philosophies karya Ninian Smart
 Indian Philosophy: a Very Short Introduction karya Sue Hamilton
 A Brief Introduction to Islamic Philosophy karya Oliver Léaman
 Eastern Philosophy For Beginners karya Jim Powell & Joe Lee
 An Introduction to African Philosophy karya Samuel Oluoch Imbo
 Philosophy in Russia: From Herzen to Lenin and Berdyaev karya Frederick Copleston
 Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction karya Simon Critchley
 Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy karya Jay Stevenson
 Classic Asian Philosophy: A Guide to the Essential Texts karya Joel J. Kupperman

 Antologi 
 Philosophic Classics: From Plato to Derrida (4th Edition) karya Forrest E. Baird
 Classics of Philosophy (Vols. 1 & 2, 2nd edition) karya Louis P. Pojman
 Classics of Philosophy: The 20th Century (Vol. 3) karya Louis P. Pojman 
 The English Philosophers from Bacon to Mill karya Edwin Arthur Burtt
 European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche karya Monroe Béardsley
 Contemporary Analytic Philosophy: Core Readings karya James Baillie 
 Existentialism: Basic Writings (Second Edition) karya Charles Guignon & Derk Pereboom 
 The Phenomenology Reader karya Dermot Moran & Timothy Mooney 
 Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings diédit ku Muhammad Ali Khalidi 
 A Source Book in Indian Philosophy karya Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan & Charles A. Moore 
 A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy karya Wing-Tsit Chan
 Kim, J. and Ernest Sosa, Ed. 1999. Metaphysics: An Anthology. Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

 Karya rujukan 
 The Oxford Companion to Philosophy diédit ku Ted Honderich
 The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy karya Robert Audi
 The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (10 vol.) diédit ku Edward Craig & Luciano Floridi
 The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy diédit ku Edward Craig
 Routledge History of Philosophy (10 vols.) diédit ku John Marenbon
 History of Philosophy (9 vols.) karya Frederick Copleston
 A History of Western Philosophy (5 vol.) karya W. T. Jones
 Encyclopaedia of Indian Philosophies (8 vols.), diédit ku Karl H. Potter et al.
 Indian Philosophy (2 vol.) karya Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
 A History of Indian Philosophy (5 vol.) karya Surendranath Dasgupta
 History of Chinese Philosophy (2 vol.) karya Fung Yu-lan & Derk Bodde
 Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy diédit ku Antonio S. Cua 
 Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion karya Ingrid Fischer-Schreiber, Franz-Karl Ehrhard & Kurt Friedrichs
 Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy karya Brian Carr & Indira Mahalingam
 A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English karya John A. Grimes
 History of Islamic Philosophy diédit ku Seyyed Hossein Nasr & Oliver Léaman 
 History of Jewish Philosophy diédit ku Daniel H. Frank & Oliver Léaman
 A History of Russian Philosophy: From the Tenth to the Twentieth Centuries karya Valerii Aleksandrovich Kuvakin
 Ayer, A. J. et al. Éd. 1994. A Dictionary of Philosophical Quotations. Blackwell Reference Oxford. Oxford, Basil Blackwell Ltd.
 Blackburn, S., Éd. 1996. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 
 Mauter, T., Éd. The Penguin Dictionary of Philosophy. London, Penguin Books.
 Runes, D., Éd. 1942. The Dictionary of Philosophy. New York, The Philosophical Library, Inc.
 Angeles, P. A., Éd. 1992. The Harper Collins Dictionary of Philosophy. New York, Harper Perennial.
 Bunnin, N. et al., Éd. 1996. The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
 Popkin, R. H. 1999. The Columbia History of Western Philosophy. New York, Columbia University Press.

 Tumbu kaluar 

Sababaraha ramatloka di handap ieu ngandung tumbu ka téks-téks filsafat online.

 Sumberdaya 
 EpistemeLinks.com : philosophy resources on the internet
 Erratic Impact: The Philosophy Research Base 
 Guide to Philosophy on the Internet 
 Introducing Philosophy Series  by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
 Introduction to Philosophy (abridgement of other sources) 
 Melbourne Philosophy: Philosophy in Melbourne, Australia (noncommercial, variety of resources, wiki) 
 Philosophy @ large, A webguide for the philosophy community provided by Liverpool University 
 Philosophy in Cyberspace 
 Philosophical Society.com
 Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Signpost articles free, others require subscription 
 Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

 Forum 
 Philosophy Forums —a place to discuss Philosophy with a discursive library on Philosophical topics.
 Talk Philosophy—A place to discuss topics in all aréas of philosophy from ethics to aesthetics.
 The Galilean Library—a place to discuss philosophy from basic to advanced levels, with a library of introductory essays for beginners.
 PhiliWiki —the Internet's first online Wiki for the development of multiple points of view on a range of philosophical topics.

 Organisasi, Ramatloka jeung Asosiasi 
 Columbus Philosophers 
 Philosophy Meetup 
 Philosophical Society.com
 The Society for Philosophic Inquiry (Socrates Cafe)
 Triangle Philosophy