Mokunyane

Mokunyane, tse tsejwang hape e le di -fossorial kapa subterranean mole rats, ke leloko la ditweba ( Spalacinae ) tsa lelapa la Spalacidae, tse fumanwang Europe Botjhabela le bophirimela le Asia bohareng . Ditweba tsa hystricognath mole-rats tsa lelapa la Bathyergidae ha di amane ho hang, empa mefuta e meng le yona e teng lelapeng la Spalacidae . Zokors (subfamily Myospalacinae ), dikgoto tsa metso, le ditweba tsa bamboo (lehlopha la Rhizomyinae ) ke di-spalacids tseo ka dinako tse ding di bitswang ditweba tsa mole.

Mekunyane e foufetseng e malapeng a Spalacidae, empa e ikgetha ka ho lekaneng hore di fuwe subfamily e arohaneng, Spalacinae . Maikutlo a mang mabapi le lekgetho a nka hore ditweba tse foufetseng ke tsona feela ditho tsa lelapa la Spalacidae  mme di beha malapa a mang a seng makae e le malapa a feletseng. Bangodi ba bang ba kopanya ditho tsohle tsa lelapa le leholo la Muroidea hore e be lelapa le le leng, Muridae . Spalacinae e na le mefuta e mmedi le mefuta e robedi. Ba bang ba boholong ba nka mefuta yohle ya mefuta e le ya mofuta o le mong, Spalax, empa diphuputso tsa morao-rao di bontsha phapang e tebileng pakeng tsa meloko ka bobedi e qalileng ho tloha ho Late Miocene, e ba tshehetsang e le moloko o ikgethang. KRYŠTUFEK, BORIS; IVANITSKAYA, ELENA; ARSLAN, ATILLA; ARSLAN, EMINE; BUŽAN, ELENA V. (2011-10-31). "Evolutionary history of mole rats (genus Nannospalax) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 105 (2): 446–455. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01795.x. ISSN 0024-4066. S2CID 83596816. Hadid, Yarin; Németh, Attila; Snir, Sagi; Pavlíček, Tomáš; Csorba, Gábor; Kázmér, Miklós; Major, Ágnes; Mezhzherin, Sergey; Rusin, Mikhail; Coşkun, Yüksel; Nevo, Eviatar (2012-01-09). "Is Evolution of Blind Mole Rats Determined by Climate Oscillations?". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e30043. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030043. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3253805. PMID 22253871.
mekunyane e  foufetse e le kannete . Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1809). Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Dentu. Mahlo a tsona a manyenyane haholo a kwahetse ka ho feletseng ke lera la letlalo. Ho fapana le ditweba tse ding tse ngata, ditweba tse foufetseng ha di na manala a ka pele a atolositsweng mme ha di bonahale di sebedisa matsoho a tsona e le sesebediswa sa mantlha sa ho epa. Ho epa ho batla ho etswa ka mokgwa o ikgethileng ho sebediswa meno a bona a ka pele a matla, a arohaneng le molomo o mong ka lephako la letlalo. Ha mokunyane o foufetseng e kwala molomo wa ona, di-incisors tsa ona di ntse di le ka ntle. Mekunyane e ka nna ya hlaha ho tloha ho di-spalacid tse neng di sebelisa maoto le matsoho a tsona a ka pele ho epa, hobane mekgwa ya bona ya olecranon e kgolo ha e bapiswa le matsoho a bona kaofela. Tshebetso ya olecranon ke karolo ya lesapo la ulna moo mesifa e kgomarelang, mme diphoofolo tse tjhekang di atisa ho ba le mekgwa e atolositsweng ya olecranon ho fana ka sebaka se seholo bakeng sa mesifa ya bona e meholo le e matla hore e kgomarele. https://search.worldcat.org/title/830001716

Kaha di foufetse ka ho feletseng, mekunyane e foufetseng e bile diphoofolo tsa laboratori tsa bohlokwa ditekong tsa hore na mahlo le diprotheine tsa mahlo di sebetsa jwang. Le hoja mekunyane ena na le mahlo a atrophied subcutaneous feela mme di sa bone, morethetho wa tsona wa circadian o  bolokwa. Dingolweng tse mmalwa, tse kang Avivi et al., 2002, di pakile hore diphatsa tsa lefutso tsa circadian tse laolang nako ya dintho tse phelang di hlahiswa ka mokgwa o tshwanang le wa diphoofolo tse anyesang tse bonwang ka hodima lefatshe. Avivi, Aaron; Oster, Henrik; Joel, Alma; Beiles, Avigdor; Albrecht, Urs; Nevo, Eviatar (2002-08-22). "Circadian genes in a blind subterranean mammal II: Conservation and uniqueness of the three Period homologs in the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (18): 11718–11723. doi:10.1073/pnas.182423299. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 129335. PMID 12193657.

 Karolelano 

 Subfamily Spalacinae - foufetseng mole-rats
 Mofuta oa Spalax
 Mehely's blind mole-rat , S. antiquus
 Sandy blind mole-rat, S. arenarius
 Sefofu se seholo sa mole-rat, S. giganteus
 Bukovina foufetseng mole-rat, S. graecus
 Oltenia blind mole-rat, S. istricus (mohlomong e felile )
 E kholoanyane ea foufetseng mole-rat, S. microphthalmus
 Kazakhstan blind mole-rat, S. uralensis
 Podolsk foufetseng mole-rat, S. zemni
 Genus Nannospalax - litoeba tse nang le 'mele o monyane
 Mofuta o monyenyane oa Nannospalax
 Middle East blind mole-rat kapa Palestine mole-rat, N. ehrenbergi
 Mofuta o monyenyane oa Mesospalax
 Lesser blind mole-rat, N. leucodon
 Anatolian blind mole-rat kapa Nehring's blind mole-rat, N. xanthodon

 Mefuta