Leishmaniasis

Leishemaniasis, hape e peletwa e le leishmaniosis, ke bolwetse bo bakwang ke dinwamadi sa protozoa ya genus "Leishmania" mme di  hasanngwa ke ho longwa ke mofuta o mong wa dintsintsi tsa lehlabathe. Bolwetse bona bo bonahala ka ditsela tse tharo tse kgolo: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, kapa visceral leishmaniasis. Mofuta wa cutaneous o bonahala ka diso (dialsa) tsa letlalo, ha mofuta wa mucocutaneous o bonahala ka diso tsa letlalo, molomo, le nko, mme mofuta wa visceral o qala ka diso tsa letlalo mme ebe hamorao o bonahala ka feberu, phokotseho ya disele tse kgubedu tsa madi, le ho atoloha ha lebete le sebete.

Ditshwaetso bathong di bakwa ke mefuta e fetang e 20 ya "Leishmania". Disosa tsa kotsi di kenyeleditse bofuma, phepompe, phokotseho ya meru, le phallelo ditoropong. Mefuta ena e meraro e ka hlahlojwa ka ho bona dinwamadi ka maekroskoupu. Ho feta moo, bolwetse ba visceral bo ka hlahlojwa ka diteko tsa madi.

Leishmmaniasis e ka thibelwa hannyane ka ho robala tlasa dinete tse fafaditsweng ka sebolayadikokonyana. Mehato e meng e kenyeletsa ho nyanyatsa sebolayadikokonyana ho bolaya dintsintsi tsa lehlabathe le ho alafa batho ba nang le tshwaetso esale pele ho thibela ho ata ha bona. Qeto e nkuwang ya kalafo e hlokahalang e laolwa  ke hore tshwaetso ya bolwetse e fumanwe ho kae, mefuta ya "Leishmania", le mofuta wa tshwaetso. Meriana e itseng e kannang ya sebediswa bakeng sa bolwetse ba visceral e kenyeletsa liposomal amphotericin B, motswako wa  pentavalent antimonialsleparomomycin, le miltefosine. Bakeng sa bolwetse ba cutaneous, paromomycin, fluconazole, kapa pentamidine e kanna ya ba le tshebetso e ntle.

Batho ba ka bang dimilione tse 12 mothating wa jwale ba na le tshwaetso dinaheng tse ka bang 98. Ditlaleho tse ntjha tse ka bang dimilione tse 2 le mafu a mahareng a dikete tse 20 le tse 50 a etsahala selemo se seng le se seng. Batho ba ka bang dimilione tse 200 Asia, Afrika, Amerika Borwa le Amerika Bohareng, le Yuropa e ka borwa ba dula dibakeng tseo bolwetse bo tlalehilweng. Mokgatlo wa Lefatshe wa Bophelo bo Botle (World Health Organisation) o fumane theolelo ya emeng ya meriana ya ho alafa bolwetse. Bolwetse bo kanna ba hlaha palong e itseng ya diphoofolo tse ding, ho kenyeleditswe dintja le diroto.

Ditshupu