Matlakala a masweu

Ditshila tse tshweu ke puo e nyedisang ya morabe le maemo a amanang le maemo   e sebediswang Senyesemaneng sa Amerika ho bolela batho ba basweu ba futsanehileng, haholo - holo mahaeng a United States e ka borwa . Leibole le bolela sehlopha sa setjhaba ka hara batho ba basweu haholo - holo boemo bo hlephileng ba bophelo.  E sebediswa e le mokgwa wa ho arola "bahlomphehi le ba sebetsang ka thata" "ba futsanehileng hantle" ho ba botswa, "ba sa laoleheng, ba hlokang teboho le ba nyonyehang" "ba futsanehileng ba babe". Tshebediso ya lentswe lena e fana ka makgwa a maemo a mahareng le a hodimo ho mokgwa wa ho itokolla bofutsaneng le ho hloka matla ha makgwa a futsanehileng, a sa kgoneng ho thabela ditokelo tseo, hammoho le mokgwa wa ho lahla boitshwaro boo ba bo nahanang. 

Lentswe lena le ile la sebediswa bakeng sa batho ba phelang ka thoko ho taolo ya setjhaba, ba nkwang ba le kotsi hobane e ka nna yaba ke batlodi ba molao, ba sa lebellwang, mme ba sa hlomphe bolaodi ba dipolotiki, ba molao kapa ba boitshwaro. [4] Le hoja lentswe lena le sebediswa haholo ke makgowa a ditoropong le a mahareng e le sesupo sa sehlopha, [5] batho ba bang ba makgowa ba ithabisa ba itsebahatsa e le dithole tse tshweu", ba nka hore ke betjhe ya tlhompho, mme ba keteka ditlwaelo le setjhabeng. ho behellwa ka thoko ho bosweu ba boemo bo tlase. Drinkard, Allyson (2014). "'White Trash'". In Coleman, M.J.; Ganong, L.H. (eds.). The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia, Volume 3. SAGE Publications. pp. 1452–3. ISBN 978-1-4522-8615-0. Simply put, people labeled as white trash are judged to be inappropriately different than 'normal whites.' The white trash slur probably originated in African American slave slang, but middle- and upperclass whites ultimately made it part of the American class structure, first as 'lubbers' then as 'crackers.' [6]  

Tshebedisong e tlwaelehileng, "dithole tse tshweu di fetana ka moelelo le " cracker ", e sebediswang ho batho ba ka morao ho dinaha tsa Borwa; " hillbilly ", mabapi le batho ba futsanehileng ba tswang Appalachia ; " Okie " mabapi le ba tswang Oklahoma; le " redneck ", mabapi le tshimoloho ya mahaeng, haholo - holo ho tloha Borwa. [9] Phapang ya mantlha ke hore "redneck", "cracker", "Okie", le "hillbilly" di hatisa hore motho o futsanehile ebile ha a ruteha mme o tswa merung a sa tsebe letho le ho sebedisana le lefatshe la kajeno, ha " matlakala a masweu" – le lentswe la sejwale - jwale " trailer trash " – e totobatsa seo ho nahanwang hore ke diphoso tsa boitshwaro tsa motho, ho sa natswe hore na o hodisitswe jwang. Le ha mantswe a mang a fana ka maikutlo a mapolasing a mahaeng, dithowele tse tshweu" le "dithwele tsa tereilara" e kanna ya ba tsa ditoropo nyane kapa tsa ditoropong tse kgolo. [10]

Ditsebi tsa ho tloha bofelong ba bo 19 ho ya ho qaleng a lekgolo la bo 21 la dilemo di ile tsa hlahloba meloko wa malapa a neng a nkwa e le "a nyatsehang", jwalo ka lelapa la Jukes le lelapa la Kallikak, ka bobedi mabitso a maiketsetso a malapa a sebele. Rafter, Nicole Hahn (1988) White Trash: The Eugenic Family Studies, 1877-1919

Polelwana "dithwele tse tshweu" mohlomong e qadile puong e sebediswang ke makgoba a ma - afrika a Amerika dilemong tse mashome a qalang tsa bo - 1800, mme e ile ya amohelwa ka potlako ke makgwa a ruileng a neng a sebedisa lentswe lena ho kgesa le ho ikarola ho mofuta wa makgowa wa ba neng ba nahana hore ke bona. ho ba ya tlaase  le ho hloka tlhompho, ka hona ho ntshetsa pele “leeme la boholo - holo kgahlanong le batho ba tlaase, barui ba dikolobe, barekisi le bakopa - kopa.” [13]

"Bafutsana ba masweu", ke lentswe le sebediswang ho "bafutsana ba babe", eseng "batho ba kgabane le ba sebetsang ka thata" "ba futsanehileng hantle" Drinkard, Allyson (2014). "'White Trash'". In Coleman, M.J.; Ganong, L.H. (eds.). The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia, Volume 3. SAGE Publications. pp. 1452–3. ISBN 978-1-4522-8615-0. Simply put, people labeled as white trash are judged to be inappropriately different than 'normal whites.' The white trash slur probably originated in African American slave slang, but middle- and upperclass whites ultimately made it part of the American class structure, first as 'lubbers' then as 'crackers.' Lentswe le le leng le sebediswang ho batho ba se jwale - jwale e ne e le "tackeys" kapa "tackies". [13] Ho ya ka Oxford Dictionaries, e kile ya sebediswa ho dipere tsa boleng bo fokolang kapa tse se nang letho, yaba e fitisetswa ho batho ba bonwang ba e-na le boleng bo fokolang kapa ba se nang letho. Google Search on "tacky definition" E ka nna yaba ho bile le nako e bohareng yeo ka yona e neng e sebedisetswa ho hlalosa bao e ka nnang yaba ba ne ba ruile empa ba se na leloko la lelapa kapa ho tswadisa hantle. "tacky (adj. 2) etymonline.com Hona jwale ka kakaretso e bolela ntho leha e le efe e theko e tlaase, e bohlaswa, e majabajaba, e nang le peoo, kapa e sa rateheng. "tacky" Merriam-Webster Online

Ka White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America, rahistori Nancy Isenberg o ile a bokella lethathamo le letelele, empa le sa hlake hantle, la mabitso a somaanileng a sebediswa ho bua ka makgowa a futsanehileng:
 Batho ba matlakala.Offscourings.Lubbers.Bogtters.Rascals.Rubbish.Squatters.Crackers.Clay-eaters.Tuckies.Mudsills.Scalawags.Briar hoppers.Hillbillies.Low-downers.White niggers.Degenerates.White trash.Rednecks.Trailer trash.Swamp people.
Koranteng ya Critique of Anthropology, JZ Wilson o pheha kgang ya hore lentswe "dithwele tse tshweu" "e eme e le mofuta wa kgethollo ya morabe", Wilson, J. Z. (December 2002) "Invisible racism - The language and ontology of 'White Trash'" Critique of Anthropology v.22 n.4 pp.387-401 le Annalee Newitz le Matthew Wray, ba ngolang ho The Minnesota Review ba e nka e le mohlala wa "Joking a classist. epithet ho ya kgethollo ya morabe." Newitz, Annalee and Wray, Matthew (Fall 1996) "What is 'White Trash'?: Stereotypes and Economic Conditions of Poor Whites in the U.S." The Minnesota Review n. 47, pp.57-72 E hlaloswa e le "moferefere wa morabe" oa Lucas Lynch, Lynch, Lucas (September 12, 2018) "How the Term 'White Trash' Reinforces White Supremacy" The Society Pages le moetsi wa difilimi John Waters o ne a nka hore ke "ntho ya ho qetela ya kgethollo ya morabe eo o ka e buang le ho baleha." Lubrano, Alfred (May 22, 2017) "Is 'White Trash' finally taboo?" The Philadelphia Inquirer Rodriguez, Gregory (June 10, 2008) "Why they bash 'white trash'" The Baltimore Sun Ka selemo sa 2020, Reader's Digest e kenyeleditse "dithwele tse tshweu" lethathamong la "12 Letsatsi le Letsatsi la Maikutlo a Hantlentle a mokgethulli". Helligar, Jeremy (June 17, 2020) "12 Everyday Expressions That Are Actually Racist" Reader's Digest

 Tlhaloso le disosa 

 Tlhaloso 
Makhooa a mangata a futsanehileng lekgolong la bo19 la lilemo Borwa a ne a kgona ho iphumana a le naheng e mpe ka ho fetisisa, kaha naha e ntle ka ho fetisisa e ne e se e nkilwe ke makgoba, a maholo le a manyenyane. Ba ne ba phela mme ba leka ho phela mobung o lehlabathe kapa mokgabo kapa o koahetsweng ke sefate sa phaene se sa lokelang temo; bakeng sa sona, tse ding di ile tsa tsejwa e le "li-sandhillers" le "pineys". [24] Baahi bana ba "mokhoro o thata" ba ile ba bonwa ba dumellana le tikoloho ya bona: e ne e le "majoe, litoto, le lihlahla, joalo ka naha yeo ba neng ba lula ho yona."  Ba bangata ba ile ba qetella ba le dithabeng, tseo ka nako yeo e neng e le moedi wa pele wa naha. Ka mor'a Ntwa ya Lehae, batho bana ba ile ba qala ho bitswa "hillbillies". 

Maikutlong a tummeng a bohareng ba lekgolo la bo19 la dilemo, "lithwele tse tshweu tse futsanehileng" e ne e le mofuta wa "bohelehele" wa batho ba fokolang, ba fokolang, ba nang le bokooa ba  bokooa bo bongata mmeleng le setjhabeng. Ba ne ba le litshila, ba le lerootho, ba le mahlaku, ba le letlalo, ba otile, mme ba ne ba e-na le bana ba fokolang ba nang le mpa tse sosobaneng ba sosobaneng le ho omeletseng, ba shebahala ba tsofetse ho feta dilemo tsa bona tsa mmele, hoo esita le difahleho tsa bana ba dilemo di 10" di hlokang kelello ebile di le boima. Mme hangata ba fetoha marotholi le ho nyonya ho bona," ho latela titjhere ya New Hampshire. Letlalo la motho ya futsanehileng wa Borwa le ne le e-na le "bosweu bo bosehla" ho lona, jwaloka "parchment e mosehla", mme e ne e shebahala e le boka, kapa e le tshweu hoo e batlang e bonahala e le albino . Batsoadi ba ne ba sa tsotelle ha ba botsoa, ba sa hlokomele bana ba bona hantle, mme e le makgoba a tahi. Ba ne ba shejwa ka ho nyatseha ke balemi ba maemo a hodimo le yeoman – barui ba banyenyane bao e seng makhoba . [27]

Harriet Beecher Stowe o hlalositse mosadi wa lithwele tse tshweu le bana ba hae ho Dred: Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, e hatisitsweng ka 1856:

Batho ba  basweu ba  Borwa ba mehleng yeo ba ne ba tlwaetse ho lekanya diponahalo tse mahwashe le tse sa dumellaneng le menahano ya boitshwaro bo bobe le boitshwaro bo sa lokang kapa ba botlokotsebe: hangata sefahleho se sebe se ne se bolela motho ya kgopo. [29] Ka tsela ena makhooa a futsanehileng a nang le mmele e sa pheleng hantle kapa e mebe – sephetho sa karolo e kholo ya dijo tse mpe, ho hloka boitlhopho, le tikoloho e tjhefo – ba ile ba nyatsuwa ke setjhaba se seholwanyane sa makhooa qalong, ho sa nahanwa ka letho ho batlisisa. kapa ho ntlafatsa maemo a neng a ikarabella bakeng sa ponahalo ya bona.

Ditshobotsi tsa mmele tsa lithwele tse tshweu di ne di nahanwa hore di na le diphatsa tsa lefutso ka ho feletseng, di fetisetswa, batswadi ho bana, ho tloha molokong ho isa molokong, ho sebeletsa, ho arola makhooa a futsanehileng ho tloha ho 'Southern gentility' le 'yeomen' bao ba neng ba arolelana ditekanyetso tsa patrician. Buka ya mosireletsi wa bokgoba Daniel R. Hundley ya 1860 Social Relations in Our Southern States e kenyelletsa kgaolo e nang le sehlooho se reng "White Trash". O sebedisitse boteng ba makhooa a futsanehileng a nang le "madi a mabe" ho pheha kgang ya hore diphatsa tsa lefutso le eseng sebopeho sa setjhaba ke bothata, mme ka hona bokgoba bo ne bo loketse. O bitsitse lithwele tse tshweu "diphoofolo tse botswa ka ho fetisisa tse maoto a mabedi tse tsamayang di otlolohile hodima Lefatshe", a hlalosa ponahalo ya tsona e le "lank, lean, bony, le bony, tse nang le ... letlalo le 'sallow', mekhwa e sa tsitsang, le bothoto ba tlhaho. kapa botswa ba kelello bo batlang bo feta tumelo.”  "Ke mang ya kileng a tseba Godolphin [monna ea itshwereng hantle] ya neng a hlajwa ke moferefere?," ho botsa Hundley e le bopaki boo ho thoeng ke bopaki ba kgopolo ya hae, "kapa ke mang ya kileng a bona motho ya bapalang dipapadi, ya phelang hantle, ka maoto a ikemetse, Ke mang ea tsoetsoeng ke baholo-holo ba mahlahahlaha kapa batsoali ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ba nang le lefu la asma, kapa ba ja dijo tse mpe?" [31] Hundley o ne a nka palo ya batho ba basweu ba dithwele e le ba tlaase boitshwarong e seng feela ho ba bang ba makhooa, empa le ho makgoba a batho ba batsho. Tlhahlobo ya hae e ile ea tsheehetswa ke Randolph Shotwell, moeta-pele wa nakong e tlang oa Ku Klux Klan, ya ileng a ba hlalosa e le "morabe o ikhethileng wa batho ... batho ba se nang thuso, ba sa rutehang, ba sa nahaneng, ba phelang hantle ho feta batho ba fokolang."