Obsessive compulsive disorder

Sifo sekucindzeteleka (OCD) sifo sengcondvo nekutiphatsa lapho khona umuntfu anemicabango lefaka ekhatsi kanye/noma ativa anesidzingo sekuphindzaphindza imikhuba letsite ngekuphindzaphindza kuze kube ngulapho ibangela kucindzeteleka noma kukhubata kusebenta jikelele. Njengobe leligama lisho, timphawu letiyinhloko te-OCD kukhatsateka kanye nekuphocelelwa. Tintfo letikhatsatako yimicabango lephikelelako, lengafuneki, titfombe letisengcondvweni, nobe tifiso letidala imiva yekukhatsateka, yenyanya nobe kungakhululeki. Tintfo letivamile letikhatsatako tifaka ekhatsi kwesaba kungcoliswa, kukhatsateka ngekulinganisa, kanye nemicabango lephocelelako ngenkholo, bulili, kanye nekulimala. Kuphocelelwa tento letiphindzaphindvwako noma imikhuba leyenteka ngekuphendvula kukhatsateka. Kuphocelelwa lokuvamile kufaka ekhatsi kugeza tandla kakhulu, kuhlanta, kuhlela, kubala, kufuna kucinisekiswa, kanye nekuhlola tintfo. Bantfu labadzala labanyenti labanesifo se-OCD bayabona kutsi kuphocelelwa kwabo akusho lutfo, kodvwa bayakwenta noma kanjani kute bacedze kucindzeteleka lokubangelwa kucindzeteleka. Kuphocelelwa kwenteka njalo kangangekutsi kuvame kutsatsa lokungenani li-awa ngelilanga futsi kuphazamisa lizinga lemphilo yemuntfu.Imbangela ye-OCD ayatiwa. Kubonakala ngatsi kunencenye letsite yefutsi, futsi emawele lafanako angatsintseka kakhulu kunalamawele e fraternal. Tintfo letiyingoti tifaka ekhatsi umlandvo wekuhlukunyetwa kwebantfwana nobe letinye tintfo leticindzetelako; sibonelo, lamanye emacala enteka ngemuva kwekugula kwe-streptococcal. Kuhlolwa kususelwa etimphawu letetfulwako futsi kudzinga kutsi kungafakwa letinye tizatfu letihlobene netidzakamiva noma tekwelapha; Tikali tekukala letifana neSikali Sekucindzeteleka Sekucindzeteleka Se-Yale-Brown (Y-BOCS) tihlola bukhulu. Letinye tinkinga letinetimphawu letifanako tifaka ekhatsi kukhatsateka lokujwayelekile, kucindzeteleka lokukhulu, kugula kwekudla, kugula kwe-tic, kanye nekugula kwebuntfu lokucindzetelako. Lesi simo siphindze sihlobane nekukhula jikelele kwekutibulala .Kwelashwa kwe-OCD kungafaka ekhatsi kwelashwa kwengcondvo njengekwelashwa kwekutiphatsa kwengcondvo (CBT), kwelashwa kwemitsi njengemitsi yekucindzeteleka, noma tindlela tekuhlindvwa letifana nekuvuselela ingcondvo lejulile (DBS). Ngesikhatsi i-CBT ikhulisa kuchayeka ngekucaphela ku-obsessions futsi ivimbela kuphocelelwa, kwelashwa kwe-metacognitive kukhutsata umuntfu kutsi ashintshe budlelwane bakhe emkhatsini wemicabango yakhe kanye nekutiphatsa kwemasiko. Tivimbeli tekubuyiselwa kwe-serotonin letikhetsiwe (ema-SSRI) ngumutsi lovamile wekulwa nekucindzeteleka losetjentiswa kwelapha i-OCD. Ema-SSRI asebenta kahle kakhulu nangabe asetjentiswa ngetulu kwemthamo lonconyiwe wekucindzeteleka; Kepha, imithamo lephakeme ingakhulisa bukhulu bemiphumela leseceleni. Ema-SSRI lavame kusetjentiswa afaka ekhatsi i-sertraline, i-fluoxetine, i-fluvoxamine, i-paroxetine, i-citalopram, ne-escitalopram. Letinye tigulane tehluleka kwenta ncono ngemuva kwekutsatsa umthamo lomkhulu lobeketelelwako wema-SSRI lamanyenti lokungenani tinyanga letimbili; lamacala abonakala ngekutsi ayamelana nekwelashwa futsi adzinga kwelashwa kwemugca wesibili njenge clomipramine noma kukhuliswa kwe-atypical antipsychotic. Kuhlindvwa kungasetjentiswa njengendlela yekugcina etimeni letimatima kakhulu noma letimelana nekwelashwa, kepha tindlela letinyenti titsatfwa njengekuhlola ngenca yetincwadzi letincane ngemiphumela yato. Ngaphandle kwekwelashwa, i-OCD ivame kuhlala emashumi eminyaka.Kugula kwekucindzeteleka sitsintsa bantfu labangaba ngu-2.3% ngalesinye sikhatsi ekuphileni kwabo, kantsi emazinga kunobe ngumuphi umnyaka acishe abe ngu-1.2%. Akukavami kutsi timphawu ticale ngemuva kweminyaka lengu 35, futsi cishe 50% wetigulane uhlangabetana nemiphumela leyingoti empilweni yemalanga onkhe ngaphambi kweminyaka lengu 20. Emadvodza nebafati batsintseka ngendlela lefanako, futsi i-OCD yenteka emhlabeni wonkhe. Lomusho lotsi obsessive-compulsive ngalesinye sikhatsi usetjentiswa ngendlela lengakahleleki, lengakahlobani ne-OCD, kuchaza umuntfu njengalocophelela kakhulu, lofuna kwenta tintfo ngendlela lephelele, longakacabangi, nobe lobekagcila ku .

 Timphawu netimphawu 
I-OCD ingabona nge lete. Eva latsite e avame kwenteka kuvanye; lapha ngalesinye labatfwana labatilinganiso noma ekwelana nalaba intfo lesebele. Lithuluzi leli leli leli le-OCD, Sikali Seku lekutsi Se-Yale-Brown (Y-BOCS), linetigaba lencane letingu-13 letichazwe kusengaphambili. Leti tihlukaniswe nge kuphela lamatsatfu kuya kula kuya. Kucala kwekwe-meta-kuhlatiya kwetakhiwo te kanye kwekutsi kwesakhiwo kwesibili kwesetigaba letine besitsembekile kwehluka: sici se-symmetry, sici semcabango lovinjelwewe, sici sekunye kwehlukanta, kanye nesici sekusekubili. Sici se-symmetry sihlobene kunekutsi lokunye nekuhlangana, nekuhlangana kwetintfo letifanako. Sici semicabango levinjelwe sihlobene kakhulu nemicabango lefaka nalephazamisako yebudlova, yenkholo noma yekuya ecasini. Sici sekuhlanta sihlobene kube nekukhatsateka lokuhlobene nekungcola kanye nekukhuhla lokuhlobene nekuhla nekuhla. Kukhona lokunye lokungatsatsi kukhatsateka lokunye.
Letinye tinhlobo letincane te-OCD tihlobene nekusebenta ncono emisebentini letsite, njengekubona iphethini (luhlobo loluncane lwekugeza) kanye nenkumbulo yekusebenta yendzawo (luhlobo loluncane lwekucabanga lokucindzetelako). Emacembu lamancane aphindze ahlukaniswa ngekutfolakala kwe-neuroimaging kanye nemphendvulo yekwelashwa. Tifundvo tekutsatsa titfombe tebuchopho ngaloku betimbalwa futsi tibe khashane, futsi tinhlobo letincane letihloliwe betihluke kakhulu kutsi tingafinyelela noma ngutiphi tiphetfo. Ngakulolunye luhlangotsi, kuphendvula kwekwelashwa nge subtype kuhloliwe futsi subtype ye hoarding beyisolo ingaphendvuli kakhulu ekwelashweni.

 kukhatsateka 
migca yimicabango lecindzetelako lephindzaphindvwako futsi lephikelelako ngisho nobe kwentiwa imizamo yekunganaki nobe kubhekana nayo. Bantfu labanesifo se-OCD bavame kwenta imisebenti nobe kuphocelelwa kute bacedze kukhatsateka lokuhlobene nekukhatsateka. Ngaphakathi nasemkhatsini webantfu, kukhatsateka kwekucala kuyahluka ngekucaca nangekucaca. Kukhatsateka lokungakacaci kahle kungafaka ekhatsi umuva jikelele wekuphitsitela noma kungevani lokuhambisana nenkholelo yekutsi imphilo angeke ichubeke ngendlela levamile ngesikhatsi kungalingani kuchubeka. Kukhatsateka lokukhulu kungaba kukhatsateka ngemicabango nobe titfombe letimayelana nekufa kwelilunga lemndeni lelisedvute nobe umngani nobe kuphatamiseka kwebucotfo bebudlelwane.  Letinye tintfo letikhatsatako tiphatselene nekutsi kungenteka kutsi umuntfu nobe intfo lenye ngaphandle kwakhe, njengaNkulunkulu, sathane, nobe sifo, ingalimata sigulane nobe bantfu nobe tintfo lesigulane lesikhatsateka ngato. Labanye labanesifo se-OCD bangase bative kunetintfo letingabonakali letiphuma emitimbeni yabo nobe beve umoya wetintfo letingaphili udvonswa.

 kuphocelelwa 
Labanye bantfu labanesifo se-OCD benta imikhosi lephocelelako ngobe bativa ngendlela lengachazeki kutsi kufanele bente njalo, kantsi labanye benta tento letiphocelelako kute banciphise kukhatsateka lokubangelwa yimicabango lecindzetelako. Lomuntfu lotsintsekile angase acabange kutsi letento titawuvimbela sehlakalo lesibi kutsi kwenteke nobe tiphatamise lesehlakalo emicabangweni yakhe. Esimeni ngasinye, kucabanga kwabo ku-idiosyncratic futsi kuhlaneketelwe kangangekutsi kubangela kucindzeteleka lokukhulu mathupha nobe kulabo labasedvute nemuntfu lotsintsekile. Kucosha sikhumba ngekweqile, kudvonsa tinwele, kuluma tipikili, kanye naletinye tinkinga tekutiphatsa letiphindzaphindvwako letigcile emtimbeni konkhe kusesigabeni sekucindzeteleka. Labanye bantfu labanesifo se-OCD bayati kutsi kutiphatsa kwabo akunangcondvo, kodvwa bativa baphocelelekile kutsi bakulandzele kute bacoshe imiva yekwesaba nobe kwesaba. Ngetulu kwaloko, kuphocelelwa kuvame kubangelwa kungavikeleki kwememori, luphawu lwe-OCD lolubonakala ngekungavikeleki ekuboneni kwemuntfu, ekunakeni, kanye nasemakhono ekukhumbula, ngisho noma kute bufakazi lobucacile bekusilela.

 kusebenta kwengcondvo 
Nanobe bekukholelwa kutsi i-CD ihlobene nekuhlakanipha lokungetulu kwesilinganiso, loku akubonakali kunjalo. Kubuyeketwa kwa-2013 kwabika kutsi bantfu labanesifo se-OCD ngalesinye sikhatsi bangaba nekusilela lokuncane kepha lokubanti kwengcondvo, ikakhulukati labo labatsintsa inkumbulo yendzawo futsi, ngesilinganiso lesincane, inkumbulo yemlomo, kukhuluma kahle, umsebenti wekuphatsa kanye nesivinini sekucubungula, kanye nekunakwa kwekulalela akutsintseki kakhulu. Bantfu labane-OCD bakhombisa kukhubateka ekukhodeni lwati, kusetha kushintja, kanye nekwakha lisu lenhlangano lekuvimbela imoto kanye nengcondvo.