Kubeleka

Kubeleka, lekubuye kwatiwe ngekutsi umhelo noma kukhululeka nabewutitfwele, kungalesikhatsi kuphela kukhulelwa ubeleka umntfwana munye noma ngetulu aphuma esibeletfweni samake. Ngemnyaka wa-2015 bekubeleke bantfu labalinganiselwa kutigidzi leti-135 mhlabawonkhe.  Bantfwana labalinganiselwa kutigidzi leti-15 batalwa ngembi kwemaviki lange-37 sekukhulelwa, ngalesikhatsi labangu 3 kuya ku-12% batalwa sekundlule emaviki lange-42. Emaveni lesekatfutfukile bantfu labanyenti babelekela etibhedlela, ngalesikhatsi emaveni lasatfutfuka bantfu labanyenti babelekela emakhaya basitwa ngumuntfu lomdzala wendzawo lobelekisako.

Indlela lejwayelekile yekubeleka ngulena yekukhipha umntfwana ngesitfo sangasese. Lendlela ifaka ekhatsi tinyatselo letintsatfu temhelo:  nekufinyela kanye kube netinhlungu nasivulekako, kwehla kwemntfwana nekubeleka lomntfwana, nekuchilita ukhiphele ngaphandle indlu yemntfwana. Lesigaba sekucala sitsatsa emahora lalishumi nakubili kuya kulishumi nemfica, sigaba sesibili sitsatsa imizuzu lengemashumi lamabili kuya kumahora lamabili, kantsi sinyatselo sesitsatfu sitsatsa imizuzu lesihlanu kuya kulengemashumi lamatsatfu.  Lesigaba sekucala sicala ngekutsi kusike esinyeni netinhlungu ecolo letitsatsa sigamu semzuzu bese buyabuya lobuhlungu njalo ngemuva kwemizuzu lelishumi kuya kulengemashumi lamatsatfu.  Letinhlungu letisikako tiba buhlungu ngemandla futsi tisondzelane ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi.  Ngalesikhatsi sesigaba sesibili kutawuvakala kuchiliteka kanye netinhlungu temhelo.  Kusigaba sesitsatfu  kwentsambo yenkhaba kuvamise kunconywa.  Tindlela letinyenti letihlukene tingasita ekudzambiseni tinhlungu njengemasu ekwehlisa emaphaphu, ema-opioids, kanye nekushikisha umgogodla.

Bantfwana labanyenti nababelekwa kuphuma inhloko kucala; nomakunjalo, 4% beta ngetinyawo kucala noma tibunu kucala, lekubitwa ngekutsi ngekuvundla. Ngalesikhatsi uphetfwe ngumhelo ungakwati kudla nekuhamba ngendlela lofuna ngayo, kuchilita akukavumeleki ngalesikhatsi sesigaba sekucala noma ngalesikhatsi kuphuma inhloko, kanye nekujova akukavumeleki. Ngalesikhatsi kujutjwa kuvulwa sikhala kulembobo yangasese, lekubuye kwatiwe ngekutsi yi-episiotomy, kujwayelekile kantsi akudzingeki kangako.  Nga 2012, kubeleke bantfu labalinganiselwa ku-24 wetigidzi ngekutsi bahlindvwe kujutjwe esuswini lekutsiwa yisiza. Isiza inganconywa uma ngabe umuntfu abeleka emawele, kunekucindzeteleka kwemntfwana, noma  eta afulatsela. Lendlela yekubeleka ingatsatsa sikhatsi lesidze kutsi uphole uma usebentise yona. 

Umnyaka ngamunye tinkhinga letiphatselene nekubeleka kanye nekukhulelwa tiba yimbangela yekushona kwalabalinganiselwa ku 500,000 ngemnyaka, tigidzi letingu-7 tabomake baba netinkhinga letimbi letitsatsa sikhatsi lesidze, kantsi tigidzi letinge-50 tabomake baba nemitselela lengasimihle yemiphumela yetemphilo ngemuva kwekubeleka.  Lokunyenti kwaloku kwenteka emaveni lasatfutfuka.  Kungahambi kahle lokunyenti kufaka ekhatsi kuphatamiseka kwemhelo,  kopha ngembi kwekubeleka, eclampsia , kanye nekusuleleka nge-postpartum. Tinkhinga letiba khona emntfwaneni tifaka ekhatsi kutalwa ne-asphyxia.

Emareferensi