Litinyo

Litinyo ( pl. : ematinyo  sakhiwo lesicinile, lesine calcium lesitfolakala emihlatsini emilonyeni  yetilwane letiningi kanye nebantfu, futsi sisetjentiselwa kwephula kudla . Letinye tilwane, ikakhulu tilwane letidla inyama kanye naletidla tjani nemacembe nato tisebentisa ematinyo kusita ekubambeni noma kulimata tinyamatane, kudzabula kudla, ngenhloso yekutivikela, kwesabisa letinye tilwane letivame kufaka tato, noma kutfwala tinyamatane noma bantfwana bato. Timpandze tematinyo timbonywe tinsini . Ematinyo akakhiwa ngematsambo, kepha ngeticubu letinyenti letinebukhulu lobehlukahlukene kanye nebuciniso lobuvela elucwencweni lweligciwane lelingaphandle kakhulu le-embryonic, i -ectoderm .

Sakhiwo jikelele sematinyo siyafana kutotonkhe tilwane letinemgogodla, noma kunekuhluka lokukhulu ngendlela yato kanye nendzawo yato. Ematinyo etilwane letimunyisako anetimphandze letijulile, futsi lephethini iphindze itfolakale kuletinye timfishi, nasetingwenyeni. Etimfishini letiningi te teleost, nomakunjalo, ematinyo anamatsele endzaweni lengephandle yelitsambo, kantsi kuma lizards anamatsele endzaweni lengekhatsi yemhlathi ngeluhlangotsi lunye. Etimfishini letinema cartilaginous, njengaboshaka, ematinyo anamatsele ngemitsambo lecinile kuma hoops e cartilage lakha umhlatsi.