Bulephelo

Bulephelo, lesiphindze satiwe ngesifo se-Hansens(HD, sifo lesikugula sikhatsi lesidzele kugulwa kwakhona kubangelwa ligciwanei-Mycobacterium leprae neMycobacterium lepromatosis.  Ekucaleni, lokusuleleka ngalesifo bekungenatimphawu kantsi kuchubekile kwahlala kunjalo kusukela eminyakeni lesi-5 kuya kule-20.  Timphawu letiba khona tifaka ekhatsi i-granuloma yemiva, sikhala sekuphefumula, sikhumba nemehlo.  Loku kungabangela kutsi ungaseva buhlungu kanye nekulahlekelwa tincenye temingcele ngenca yekulimala lokuphindziwe noma kusuleleka ngesifo ngenca yetilondza lebetinganakwa.  Kungabi nemandla nekungakhoni kahle nako kungaba khona.

Bulephelo bubhebhetseka busuka kulomunye umuntfu buye kulomunye. Kukholelwa ekutseni bundlulela kulomunye ngekukhwehlela noma kutsintsa lokusamanti lokuphuma emphumulweni yemuntfu lonalesifo.  Bulephelo buvame kuba khona ikakhulukati kulabo labahluphekako kantsi kukholelwa kutsi bundluliselwa ngekuphefumula.  Lokuhlukile kulombono lekukholelwa kuwo,  kutsi asitsatselani. Tinhlobo letimbili letibalulekile tetifo ticondziswe kulenombolo yemagciwane lakhona: paucibacillary ne multibacillary. Letinhlobo letimbili tihlukaniswa ngenombolo yekungabi nembala lokahle, kuba nensindze esikhunjeni, ne paucibacillary ibe sihlanu noma lembalwa ne multibacillary lenaletindlula kusihlanu Lokuhlolwa kwalesifo kucinisekiswa ngekutfolakala kwe-esidi lebitwa nge bacilli leyentiwa nge-biopsy yesikhumba noma ngekubuka I-DNA kusetjentiswa i-polymerase leluchungechunge

Bulephelo buyalapheka ngemutsi lobitwa ngekutsi yi-Multidrug therapy (MDT).   i- Kulashwa kwebulephelo i-multibacillary kwentiwa ngemitsi  I-rifampicin ,  dapsone, ne clofazimine tinyanga leti-12. Lokulashwa kuniketwa mahhala hha yiNhlangano Yetemphilo Velonkhe. Lamanye ema-antibiotics angasetjentiswa. Mhlabawonkhe nga 2012, inombolo yekugulwa bulephelo sikhatsi lesidze yehla yaba ngu 189,000 kuya phansi isuka ku 5.2 wetigidzi ngemnyaka wangabo 1980. Inombolo yekugula lokusha bekungu 230,000. Kugula lokusha kwavela kumave la-16, lapho i-india ngiyo lebeyinebantfu labanyenti lababalelwa kuhhafu.  Kuleminyaka lenge-20 lendlulile, tigidzi leti-16 tebantfu mhlabawonkhe balashelwe bulephelo. Bantfu labalinganiselwa ku-200 babikwa njalo ngemnyaka e-United States. 

Bulephelo butsintse bantfu iminyaka letinkhulungwane.  Lesifo sitsatsa ligama laso kuligama lesiLathini lelitsi lepra, lokusho kutsi “kuhlubeka”, ngalesikhatsi leligama “sifo se-Hansen” laniketwa ngemuva kwalodokotela lobitwa nga Gerhard Armauer Hansen . Kuhlukanisa bantfu ngekubabeka kusenteka etindzaweni letifana ne india,I-China, ne Afrika. Noma kunjalo, emakholoni lamanyenti avaliwe njengoba bulephelo abutsatselani.  kucwaswa emmangweni bekuhambisana nebulephelo yintfo yakudzala, kantsi kusachubeka kuba ngumngcele ekutseni bantfu batikhulumele nabagula nekulapheka ngesikhatsi.  Labanye leligama lelitsi Bulephelo balitsatsa njengalelitfukako, banconota lomusho lotsi “bantfu labagulwa bulephelo”. Lilanga leBulephelo Velonkhe lacalwa nga 1954 kutsi kwatiswe.

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