Umbani

Umbane yintfo yemvelo leyakhiwa ngekukhishwa kwe-electrostatic ngemoya emkhatsini wetifundza letimbili letinagezi, kungaba kokubili emkhatsini noma kunye emkhatsini kanye nalokunye emhlabatsini, kwesikhashana kuhlanganisa leti ngekukhishwa lokucishe kube ngekushesha kwesilinganiso lesisemkhatsini wemakhulu lamabili (200)megajoules kanye nemandla lasikhombisa (7) gigajoules, kuye ngeluhlobo.    Loku lokuphumako kungakhicita imisebe leminyenti ye-electromagnetic, kusuka ekushiseni lokukhicitwa kuhamba ngekushesha kwema -electron, kuya ekukhanyeni lokukhanyako lokubonakalako ngendlela yemisebe yemtimba lomnyama . Umbane ubanga kudvuma, umsindvo lovela egagasini lekushayisa lelitfukako njengoba emagesi lasedvute nekukhishwa ahlangabetana nekukhula lokungakalindzeleki kwemfutfo. Umbane wenteka kakhulu ngesikhatsi sekudvuma kwelitulu kanye naletinye tinhlobo tetinhlelo tesimo selitulu letinemandla, kepha umbane wemlilo ungaphindze wenteke ngesikhatsi sekuchuma kwetintsaba-mlilo . Umbane yintfo lekhona emkhatsini futsi ifaka sandla ekujikeleteni kwagezi emkhatsini wemhlaba wonkhe .

Letinhlobo letintsatfu letiyinhloko tembane tehlukaniswa ngekutsi tivelaphi: kungaba ngekhatsi kwelifu linye lekudvuma (intra-cloud), emkhatsini wemafu lamabili (lifu-kuya-lifu), noma emkhatsini welifu nemhlabatsi (lifu- kuya-emhlabatsini), . lapho khona kubitwa ngekutsi kushaya umbane .   Letinye tinhlobo letiningi tekubuka tiyabonakala, kufaka ekhatsi " umbane wekushisa ", longabonakala kusuka endzaweni lekhashane kakhulu kepha ungavakali; umbane lowomile, longabangela imililo emahlatsini ; kanye nembane webhola, lokungakavami kubonakala ngekwesayensi.

Bantfu sebaye bawenta umbane ube ngunkulunkulu iminyaka leyinkhulungwane. Tinchazelo tesilulumagama letisuselwa kumbane, njengesisho sesiNgisi lesitsi "bolt from the blue", tivamile kuto tonkhe tilwimi. Ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi bantfu bachazwa kubona umbane kanye nemehluko wembane. Kwesaba umbane kubitwa ngekutsi yi-astraphobia .

Sitfombe sekucala lesatiwako sembane sanga-1847, satfebulwa nguThomas Martin Easterly .  Sitfombe sekucala lesisindzile sanga 1882, satfebulwa ngu William Nicholson Jennings,  umtfwebuli wetitfombe lowacitsa hhafu wemphilo yakhe atsatsa titfombe tembane futsi afakazela kwehlukahlukana kwayo.

Kukhona bufakazi lobukhulako bekutsi umsebenti wembane ukhuliswa kukhishwa kwetinhlayiya (luhlobo lwekungcola kwemoya).    Nomakunjalo, umbane ungaphindze wente ncono lizinga lemoya kanye nekuhlanta igesi ye-greenhouse lefana ne methane lesuka emkhatsini, ngesikhatsi lesifanako kwenta i-nitrogen oxide kanye ne -ozone .  Umbane uphindze ube yimbangela lenkhulu yemlilo wemahlatsi , futsi umlilo wemahlatsi ungafaka sandla ekugucukeni kwesimo selitulu futsi.  Tifundvo letinyenti tiyacinisekiswa kute kucaciswe budlelwane babo.