Shataranjiga

chess (ciyaar) (;)   ama shataranjiga waa ciyaar alwaax miis ee lagu tala galay  labo ciyaartoy. 

Chess waa ciyaar xeeladeed ah oo aan lahayn macluumaad qarsoon iyo waxyaabo nasiib, ayaan ama kama' ah. Waxaa lagu ciyaaraa madal ciyaar oo afar gees ah oo loo yaqaan "chess", oo ka kooban 64 afargees oo lagu habeeyay qaab 8×8. Ciyaartoyda, oo loo yaqaan "Caddaan" iyo "Madow", mid walba wuxuu maamulaa 16 gabal: boqor, boqorad, laba daar, laba baadari (chess), laba fardoole, iyo sideed hoosjooge. Caddaan ayaa marka hore dhaqaaqda, kadibna Madow ayaa dhaqaaqda; ka dib dhaqaaqyada ayaa gafootan, gafeysi, dhaafdhaafi, tallantaali, darandoori ama u moogtan noqda. Ujeeddada ciyaarta waa in la gaadho kaalinta jeegmayd. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira siyaabo kala duwan oo ciyaar lagu soo gabagabeyn karo barbardhac.

 FIDE   FIDE 
Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Chess-ka (FIDE, ee Faransiiska Fédération Internationales des Échecs) ayaa mas'uul ka ah horumarinta shuruucda ciyaarta iyo la socodka u hoggaansanaantooda.

FIDE waa urur kulmiya in ka badan 200 oo ka mid ah ururada shataranjiga qaranka ee shanta qaaradood.  Waxaa la aasaasay París(France) bishii luulyo 20, 1924, waxay qaadatay hal-ku-dhiggeeda "Gens una Sumus" (Laatiin, Waxaan nahay hal qoys).

Waxay mas'uul ka tahay abaabulka Horyaalada Adduunka (labadaba jinsi, waayeel iyo da'yarba) iyo Olombikada Chess-ka.  Waxay dejisaa xeerarka tartanka, waxay xisaabisaa qiimaynta ciyaartoyga, waxayna abaal-marinaysaa koobab sharafeed caalami ah.  Sannadkii 1999-kii, FIDE waxaa aqoonsaday Guddiga Olombikada Caalamiga ah (IOC) laba sano ka dib, IOC-da xeerarka ka hortagga doping-ga ee tartamada Shataranjiga ayaa la soo bandhigay.

 Madaxweynayaasha FIDE 
 1924 - 1939:  Alexander Rueb,  Holland  
 1939 - 1946:  Augusto de Muro, 
 1946 - 1949:  Alexander Rueb,  Holland
 1949 - 1970:  Folke Rogard, Iswiidhan
 1970 - 1978:  Max Euwe,  Holland
 1978 - 1982:  Fridik Olafsson,  Ayslaan
 1982 - 1995:  Florencio Campomanes,  Filibiin
 1995 - 2018:  Kirsan Ilyumzhinov,  
 2018 - ....:  Arkady Dvorkovich,  

 Horyaalka Shataranjiga Adduunka 

Sannadkii 1886-kii, saddex naadi oo Maraykan ah oo Chess-ka ayaa abaabulay ciyaar dhexmartay labadii ciyaartoy ee wakhtigaas ugu caansanaa: Wilhelm Steinitz (Awstriya) iyo Johannes ZuKertort (Jarmalka).  Si loo siidaayo sumcad weyn, waxay tilmaameen in ku guuleystaha loo aqoonsan doono inuu yahay  Horyaalkii ugu horeeyay ee Chess-ka Aduunka.  Steinitz wuu guuleystay, wixii markaas ka dambeeyayna boqorku wuxuu dooran tartame wuuxuuna dejin doonaa xaaladaha ciyaaraha iyo dhaqaalaha.

Sannadkii 1924-kii ayaa la aasaasay FIDE, waxaana la isku dayay in la xakameeyo ururkeeda, balse dadaalladaas ayaa fashilmay, kaddib markii ay ka soo horjeesteen horyaalladii kala duwanaa.  1946, geeridii Alekhine ka dib, FIDE waxay si go'aan leh u qaadatay hindisaha waxayna dejisay marxaladda xulashada musharraxiinta jagada bannaan iyo habka loo go'aamin doono tartamayaasha mustaqbalka.


 1886 - 1894:  Wilhelm Steinitz,  Awstriya
 1894 - 1921:  Emanuel Lasker,  Jarmalka
 1921 - 1927:  José Raúl Capablanca,  Kuuba
 1927 - 1935:  Alexander Alekhine,  
 1935 - 1937:  Max Euwe, Holland
 1937 - 1946:  Alexander Alekhine,  
 1948 - 1957:  Mikhail Botvinnik,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1957 - 1958:  Vasily Smyslov,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1958 - 1960:  Mikhail Botvinnik,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1960 - 1961:  Mikhail Tal,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1961 - 1963:  Mikhail Botvinnik,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1963 - 1969:  Tigran Petrosian,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1969 - 1972:  Boris Spassky,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1972 - 1975:  Robert Fischer,  
 1975 - 1985:  Anatoly Karpov,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1985 - 1993:  Garry Kasparov,  Midowga Sofiyet
 1993 - 1999:  Anatoly Karpov,  
 1999 - 2000:  Aleksandr Khalifman,  
 2000 - 2002:  Viswanathan Anand,  Hindiya
 2002 - 2004:  Ruslan Ponomariov,  
 2004 - 2005:  Rustam Kasimdzhanov,  
 2005 - 2006:  Veselin Topalov,  Bulgaariya
 2006 - 2007:  Vladimir Kramnik,  
 2007 - 2013:  Viswanathan Anand,  Hindiya
 2013 - 2023:  Magnus Carlsen,  Norway
 2023 - 2024:  Ding Liren,  
 2024 - ....:  Dommaraju Gukesh,  Hindiya

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Category:Ciyaar