Galley

Galleyda waa dhir iniin weyn ah, oo ay beeristeeda ay ugu horreeyeen dadyowga ku noolaan jirey Ameerikada Dhexe waayihii taariikh-ka-horaadka. Geedka galeydu wuxuu ka tirsan yahay qoyska cowska kaasi oo dhala midho firi ah. Galleyda waa dhirta sadexaad ee ugu muhiimsan waxa la beerto adduunka kaddib qamadiga iyo bariiska. Galleyda waa cunto nolol-maalmeedka dad farabadan oo dunida ku nool. Galleyda waxaa laga soo saaraa cunnooyin farabadan oo kala duwan (sida booshada) iyo saliid cuntada lagu bislaysto. Galleyda waxay ka baxdaa goobaha cimiladda dhexdhexaadka leh waxaana la beeraa xilliga gu'a.

 Taariikh 

Dadyowgii la oran jirey Olmekista iyo Mayaniska ayaa dhowr jaad oo galley ah beeran jirey iyagoo karsan jirey iyadoo baduugan (iyadoo budo laga dhigey) ama farsamaysan (nixtamalization). Laga billaabo markii ay ahayd 2500 BC, dalagga wuxuu ku faafay labada qaaradood ee Ameerika (Waqooyi iyo Koonfur), waxaana ka billaabmay ganacsi ku saabsan dhowrka jaad ee ay leedahay galleyda. Markii reer Yurub ay soo gaareen qaaradaha Ameerika dabayaaqadii qarniga 15aad iyo billowga qarniga 16aad, sahimyayaal iyo ganacsadayaal ayaa galleyda geeyay Yurub halkaasoo ay ka bareen dadkii Yurub ku noolaa. Galleyda waxayna dunida intiisa kale oo dhan ku faaftay maadaama ay leedahay awood ay ku bixi karto cimiladdo kala duwan. Jaadad galleyda kamid ah oo kaarbohaydareytyada hodan ku ah waxaa la dhahaa galleyda macaan waxaana loo beeraa si ey dadka u cunaan, jaadad kalena waxaa loo beeraa si ay quud u noqdaan xoolaha. 

Galleyda waa dallagga loogu beerista badan yahay qaaradaha Ameerika, iyadoo 332 milyan oo tan sanadkiiba uu Mareykanka ka baxo. Qiyaas ahaan 40% soosaarista beeraha ee dallagan - 130 milyan oo tan - waxaa loo adeegsadaa sameynta ethanol. Galleyda la hidde-baddallay (genetically modified) waxay ka koobnayd 85% galleyda 2009kii laga beeray Mareykanka.

Qoraalo La Xidhiidha

 Tixraac 

 The Wonders of Corn
 Roney, John (Winter 2009). "The Beginnings of Maize Agriculture". Archaeology Southwest 23 (1): 4.
  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division (2009). "Maize, rice and wheat : area harvested, production quantity, yield"
 "US Approves Corn Modified for Ethanol". The New York Times. February 11, 2011.
 Genetically modified plants: Global Cultivation Area Maize GMO Compass, March 29, 2010, retrieved August 10, 2010.

Category:Bayoloji
Category:Firiley