Tsitsi Dangarembga

Tsitsi Dangarembga (akaberekwa 4 Kukadzi 1959) munyori wemabhuku weZimbabwe, munyori wemitambo, uye mugadziri wemafirimu. Bhuku rake rekutanga, Nervous Conditions (1988), iro rakave rekutanga kuburitswa muChirungu nemukadzi mutema wekuZimbabwe, rakadomwa neBBC muna 2018 serimwe remabhuku zana makuru akaumba pasi rose.  Muna 2020, bhuku rake rinonzi This Mournable Body rakasarudzwa kuva kuva kumakwikwi eBooker Prize . 

Dangarembga akaberekwa musi wa 4 Kukadzi 1959 kwaMutoko, Southern Rhodesia (yava kunzi Zimbabwe ), guta diki munova ndimo maidzidzisa vabereki vake pachikoro chemishoni chiri pedyo. Amai vake, Susan Dangarembga, ndivo vakava mukadzi wechitema wekutanga muSouthern Rhodesia kuwana dhigirii reBachelor, uye baba vake, Amon, vakazove mukuru wechikoro. Dangarembga akagara muEngland kubva pamakore maviri kusvika matanhatu apo vabereki vake vaiita dzidzo yepamusoro.  Ikoko, akayeuka kuti iye nehanzvadzi yake vakatanga kutaura Chirungu "nokuda kwaizvozvo vakakanganwa Shona yakawanda yatakadzidza."  Vakadzokera kuRhodesia nemhuri yavo muna 1965, mugore revadzvanyiriri vechirungu reUnilateral Declaration of Independence .  MuRhodesia, akawanazve Shona, asi akatora chiRungu, mutauro wechikoro chake, mutauro wake wekutanga . 

Muna 1965, akatamira nemhuri yake kuOld Mutare, mishoni yeMethodist pedyo neUmtali (yava kunzi Mutare) uko baba naamai vake vakatora zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana semukuru wechikoro uye mudzidzisi paHartzell High School .  Dangarembga, uyo akanga atanga dzidzo yake kuEngland, akanyoresa paHartzell Primary School, asati aenda kubhodhi pachikoro cheMarymount Mission . Akapedza rugwaro rwechitanhatu pachikoro che Arundel, chikoro chepamusoro, chevasikana vechichena zvikuru muguta guru, Salisbury ( rava kunzi nhasi Harare),uye muna 1977 akaenda kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge kunodzidza mishonga  paSidney Sussex College .  Ikoko, vakasangana nerusaruraganda uye kuparadzaniswa ndokusiya mushure memakore matatu, ndokudzokera kuZimbabwe muna 1980 mwedzi yakati wandei nyika isati yawana kuzvitonga. 

Dangarembga akashanda kwenguva pfupi semudzidzisi, asati atora zvidzidzo Psychology paUniversity of Zimbabwe achishanda kwemakore maviri semunyori pane imwe kambani inoshambadzira.  Akapinda kirabhu yedhirama yekuyunivhesiti, uye akanyora nekutungamira akati wandei emitambo yakaitwa neboka.  Akapindawo muchikwata chemitabo cheZambuko, apo akapinda mukugadzira mitambo miviri, Katshaa! and Mavambo . Akazoyeuka kuti, "Kwakanga kusina mitambo ine mabasa evakadzi vechitema, kana kuti isu takanga tisina kuiwana panguva iyoyo. Vanyori muZimbabwe vaive varume panguva iyoyo. Uye saka handina kunyatsoona kuti mamiriro acho aizogadziriswa kunze kwekunge vamwe vakadzi vakagara pasi vakanyora chimwe chinhu, ndozvandakaita!"  Akanyora mitambo mitatu panguva iyi: Lost of the Soil (1983), She No Longer Weeps, uye The Third One.  Mumakore aya, akatangawo kuverenga mabhuku evanyori vechikadzi veAfrican-American uye zvinyorwa zvemuAfrica zvemazuva ano, kuri kuchinja kubva kuzvidzidzo zveChirungu zvaakakura achiverenga.

Muna Chikumi 2022, gwaro rekusungwa rakapihwa panzvimbo yeTsitsi Dangarembga. Ari kupomerwa mhosva yekukurudzira mhirizhonga yeveruzhinji uye kutyora mitemo yekurwisa Covid mushure mekuratidzira kwekurwisa hurumende kwakarongwa mukupera kwaChikunguru 2020.

 1980s uye 1990s 
Muna 1985, nyaya pfupi yaDangarembga "The Letter" yakakunda ikawana mubairo wechipiri mumakwikwi ekunyora akarongwa neSweden International Development Cooperation Agency, uye yakabudiswa muSweden mubhuku renduri Whispering Land .  Muna 1987, mutambo wake wekuti She Nonger Weeps, waakanyora achiri makore ekuyunivhesiti, wakatsikiswa muHarare. Bhuku rake rekutanga, Nervous Conditions, rakabudiswa muna 1988 kuUnited Kingdom, uye gore rakatevera muUnited States. Akainyora muna 1985, asi akasangana nematambudziko pakuiburitsa; akarambwa nevatsikisi vana vemuZimbabwe, akazowana muparidzi anoda mupepanhau reWomen's Press riri muLondon .  Nervous Conditions, bhuku rekutanga rakanyorwa neChirungu nemukadzi wechitema kubva kuZimbabwe, rakagamuchirwa mudzimba nepasi rose, uye rakapiwa mubairo weCommonwealth Writers' (Africa region) muna 1989. Basa rake rinosanganisirwa muAnthology ya1992 Daughters of Africa, yakapepetwa naMargaret Busby .  Nervous Conditions inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa mabhuku emuAfrica akambonyorwa,  uye akaverengerwa paBBC muzvinyorwa zana zva 2018 zvakaumba nyika. 

Muna 1989, Dangarembga akaenda kuGermany kunodzidzira kutungamira kwemafirimu paGerman Film and Television Academy Berlin .  Akagadzira akati wandei mafirimu ari muBerlin, kusanganisira chinyorwa chakaburitswa paterevhizheni yeGerman. Muna 1992, vakavamba kambani yeNyerai Films, inova kambani inogadzira zvinhu iri muHarare.  Akanyora nyaya yebhaisikopo rinonzi Neria, rakaitwa muna 1991, iro rakava bhaisikopo rakaita mari yakawanda zvikuru munhoroondo yeZimbabwe. LEZ (7 September 2013), "From Neria to Zollywood: The State of Zimbabwean Film", eZimbabwe. Bhaisikopo rake remuna 1996 rinonzi Every's Child, bhaisikopo rekutanga rakaitwa nemukadzi wechitema wemuZimbabwe, rakaratidzwa pasi rose, kusanganisira paDublin International Film Festival . Firimu iri, rakatorwa munzvimbo dzemu Harare neDomboshava, rinotevera nyaya dzinosiririsa dzevanin'ina vana mushure mekunge vabereki vavo vafa nechirwere cheshuramatongo .

Muna 2000, Dangarembga akadzokera kuZimbabwe nemhuri yake, ndokuenderera mberi nebasa rake neNyerai Films. Muna 2002, akatanga iyo International Images Film Festival.  Bhaisikopo rake ra2005 Kare Kare Zvako akahwina Short Film Award neGolden Dhow paZanzibar International Film Festival, uye African Short Film Award kuMilan Film Festival .  Bhaisikopo rake ra2006 Peretera Maneta akawana Mubairo weUNESCO weVana neHuman Rights uye akahwina muZanzibar International Film Festival.  Ndiye mukuru mukuru wesangano reWomen Filmmakers of Zimbabwe uye ndiye akatanga musangano weWomen's Film Festival muHarare. Kubva muna 2010, vakamboshanda zvakare mubhodhi reZimbabwe College of Music kwemakore mashanu, kusanganisira makore maviri ari sachigaro.  Iye inhengo yekutanga yeInstitute for Creative Arts for Progress for Creative Arts in Africa (ICAPA). 

Achibvunzwa nezve kushomeka kwake kwekunyora kubvira Nervous Conditions, Dangarembga akatsanangura muna 2004: "Chekutanga, riini rakaburitswa mushure mekunge ndashandura kuita firimu sesvikiro; chechipiri, kuona kwaVirginia Woolf kwakangwara kuti mukadzi anoda £500 nekamuri. zvake kuti anyore zvine musoro zvachose. Sezvineiwo, ndiri kufamba uye ndinovimba kuti, kekutanga kubvira Nervous Conditions, ndichave nekamuri yangu ndega. Ndichaedza kufuratira zvishoma nezve £500."  Zvechokwadi, makore maviri gare gare muna 2006, akaburitsa chinyorwa chake chechipiri, Bhuku reKwete, sequel kune Nervous Conditions .  Vakapindawo mune zvematongerwo enyika, uye muna 2010 vakadomwa semunyori wezvedzidzo mubato rezvematongerwo enyika reMovement for Democratic Change rinotungamirwa naVaArthur Mutambara .  Akataura nezvekwaakabva kumhuri yevadzidzisi, nguva yake pfupi semudzidzisi, uye kupinda kwake muchikamu chedzidzo sekumugadzirira basa iri.  Akapedza zvidzidzo zvekuva chiremba muzvidzidzo zveAfrica paHumboldt University yeBerlin, uye akanyora dzidziso yake yePhD pamusoro pekugamuchirwa kwefirimu reAfrica.

Aive mutongi we2014 Etisalat Prize yeLiterature .  Muna 2016, akasarudzwa neRockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center kune yavo Artists muResidency chirongwa. Novhero yake yechitatu, This Mournable Body, inoteedzana neBhuku re The book of not uye Nervous Conditions, yakabudiswa muna 2018 neGraywolf Press muUS, uye kuUK naFaber naFaber muna 2020, yakatsanangurwa naAlexandra Fuller muNew York Times. se "rimwe shasha"  uye naNovuyo Rosa Tshuma muThe Guardian se "yakaisvonaka ... imwe yemhando yepamusoro" Tshuma, Novuyo Rosa (24 January 2020). "This Mournable Body by Tsitsi Dangarembga review – a sublime sequel", The Guardian. Muviri Unochema uyu waiva mumwe wezvinyorwa zvitanhatu zvakasarudzwa kuti zvipiwe Mubairo weBooker wa2020, akasarudzwa kubva muzvinyorwa 162.