Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis, kana kuti pachirungu river blindness uye Robles disease, chirwere chinokonzerwa neutachiona hunoparirwa nehwemusi rinogara mumuviri Onchocerca volvulus. Zviratidzo zvacho zvinosanganisira kuvaviwa kwakanyanya, mapundu muganda, uye kusaona. Pautachiona hwose hunokonzera kusaona, uhwu hunouya pechipiri, huchitevera hwetrachoma.

Hwemusi rinorarama mumuviri racho rinouya munhu paanorumwa nenhunzi nhema yerudzi rweSimulium. Kakawanda munhu anofanira kurumwa kakati wandei kuti azotapurirwa utachiona uhwu. Nhunzi idzi dzinogara pedyo nenzizi, ndokusaka zita rechirungu rechirwere chacho richitaura zverwizi. Paanenge ava mumunhu, mahwemusi acho anogadzira makonye anozofamba kupinda muganda. Kana ava muganda ndipo paanozotapukira kunhunzi nhema inenge yaruma munhu wacho. Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzinoshandiswa kuona kana munhu aine utachiona uhwu dzinosanganisira: kuongororwa kweganda kunoitwa nokuriisa mumusanganiswa wesaline kwava kutarisa kuti makonye abude, kutarisa muziso kana muine makonye, uye kutarisa mumapundu ari muganda kana muine makonye anenge akura.

Hapana mushonga wokudzivirira chirwere ichi. Kuti munhu azvidzivirire, anotofanira kuita kuti asarumwe nenhunzi dzinotakura utachiona hwacho. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandisa mishonga inodzinga zvipembenene uye kupfeka zvakakodzera. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira kuderedza uwandu hwenhunzi dzacho nokufirita nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Zviri kuedzwa kuti chirwere chacho chibviswe zvachose kuburikidza nokurapa mapoka ose evanhu kaviri pagore uye izvi zviri kuitwa munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose. Vanenge vaine utachiona hwacho vanorapwa nemushonga unonzi ivermectin pamwedzi 6 kusvika 12 yoga yoga. Kurapa uku kunouraya makonye asi kwete mahwemusi anenge akura. Mushonga unonzi doxycycline, unouraya rimwe bhakiteriya rinowanikawo bacterium muutachiona hwacho rinonzi Wolbachia, unenge unoitawo kuti mahwemusi acho apere simba uye vamwe vanokurudzira kuti uchandiswe. Mapundu anoitika pasi peganda anogona kubviswawo nekuita zvekuvhiiwa.

Vanhu vari pakati pemamiriyoni 17 kusvika ku25 vane utachiona hwechirwere cheriver blindness, uye vanenge mamiriyoni 0.8 havachanyatsooni zvakanaka. Utachiona uhwu hunonyanya kutapukira munyika dzesub-Saharan Africa, kunyange zvazvo pane vamwe vakatapukirwa kuYemen nenzvimbo dzakataramuka dzeCentral neSouth America. Muna 1915, chiremba anonzi Rodolfo Robles ndiye akatanga kuona kuti hwemusi iri ndiro rinoparira chirwere chemaziso. World Health Organization yakanyora pasi chirwere ichi sechirwere chakashayirwa hanya chekunzvimbo dzinopisa.
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