Mhingaidzo

Izwi rokuti mhingaidzo, chipingaidzo, kana chidziviso (n. obstacle; hinderance) rinoreva chinhu chinodzivisa kubudirira kwakanaka kwechirongwa kana chinangwa chiri kushandirwa kuti chivepo. Nokumwe kutaura tingati zvibinga mupinyi.

Kupingaidza (place an obstacle) zvinoreva kuisa chipingidzo chinodzivisa kufamba kwakanaka kwezvinangwa kana zvirongwa.
Zvipingaidzo kana zvinopingaidza (difficult problems).
Kukaza (1. Hold back from a course of action; 2. Deter;  3. Dread; 4. Warn). 
Kukazira (Dissuade).

Kurerutsa Mutauro

Chikazo (Hindrance. Impediment). Zvichida izwi iri ringaturikira chivakashure anti chinotaurwa kuEnglish.
Mhinganidzo, mhingidzo, mhingiridzo.
Murume ndiye akandikazira kuenda nomwana kuchipatara: it was my husband who held me back from taking the child to hospital. 
Akasvikokaza ave parukova achiti, "Hameno zvimwe ndicharumwa, handipindi": when he reached the river he got the wind up, saying, "Perhaps I'll get bitten, I will not enter the water."

Mitauro yeAfrika

VaLenje vanoti pingila (block or obstruct; fasten or bar a door).
Digo inoti pinga (to oppose) kureva kupinga. VaLamba vanoti pinga kana kanga (v. hinder) kureva kupinga. 
VaNyakyusa vanoti pinga (to obstruct) kureva kupinga. VaNyakyusa vanoti pingana (debate, disagree).

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