Kubvisa nhumbu

Kubvisa nhumbu ndiko kugumiswa kwenhumbu zvichiparirwa nekuita zvekubvisa kana kubudiswa mudumbu kwemwana kana kasvava nguva isati yakwana yekuti anogona kuzviraramira ari kunze kwedumbu. Nhumbu inogona kubvisika yega uye izvi zvinowanzonzi kupfupfudzika. Munhu anoita izvi achida hake anonzi abvisa nhumbu. Mashoko ekuti kubvisa nhumbu anonyanya kureva kubvisa nhumbu munhu achida hake. Izvi zvinogona kuitwawo panguva yekuti mwana anogona kuzviraramira ari kunze kwedumbu kana kuti "kubvisa nhumbu inenge yakura".

Vezvokurapa vanhasi vanoshandisa mishonga kana oparesheni senzira dzekubvisa nadzo nhumbu. Mishonga miviri inoti mifepristone uye prostaglandin inonyatsoshanda sezvinongoita oparesheni padanho rekutanga. Nepo mishonga ichigona kushandiswa zvakare padanho rechipiri, oparesheni inzira isina zvakawanda zvainozokonzeresa. Nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo pamuviri, kusanganisira mapiritsi uye koiri rinopfekerwa muchibereko zvinogona kutotanga kushandiswa panongobviswa nhumbu. Zvinonzi kubvisa nhumbu munyika dzakabudirira kwava nenguva yakareba kuchizivikanwa semarapiro asina ngozi kana zvichitenderwa nemutemo wemunharaunda. Nhumbu dzinenge dzabviswa zvakanaka hadzipariri kurwara pfungwa kana mamwe matambudziko pamunhu. Sangano reWorld Health Organization rinokurudzira kuti mabvisiro aya asina ngozi uye epamutemo awaniswe vakadzi vese pasi rese. Zvisinei, gore negore kubvisa nhumbu zvine ngozi kunoparira nzufu 47 000 kufa kwevakadzi vane nhumbu uye 5 miriyoni vanoiswa muchipatara.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhumbu dzinokwana 44 miriyoni dzinobviswa gore negore pasi rose, uye dzinoda kusvika hafu dzacho dzinobviswa zvine ngozi. Uwandu hwenhumbu dzinobviswa hauna kunyanya kuchinja pakati pa2003 na2008, zvichitevera makumi emakore huchidzika nechikonzero chekudzidziswa zvakawedzerwa kwevanhu nezvekuronga mhuri uye nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo kubata pamuviri.  Kubvira 2008, 40 muzana yevakadzi pasi rese vakava nemikana yekubvisa nhumbu zviri pamutemo "vasingabvunzwi chikonzero". Zvisinei, paurefu hwenguva yenhumbu, pane nguva yekuti zvinenge zvisisaiti kuti nhumbu yacho ibviswe.

Kubvisa nhumbu kune nhoroondo yakareba. Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzaishandiswa, kusanganisira mishonga yemakwenzi, maturusi akapinza, kukuvara zvakaipisisa, uyewo nzira dzechinyakare zvakabvira kare kare. Mitemo ine chekuita nekubvisa nhumbu, yekuti dzinobviswa kangani, neyetsika uye manamatiro zvinosiyana-siyana pasi rese. Mumwe macho, kubvisa nhumbu kuri pamutemo zvichitsamira pane zvinenge zvaikonzeresa, sezvakaita makunakuna, kubatwa chibharo, matambudziko ane chekuita nemwana ari mudumbu, mamiriro ezvinhu emari nemagariro, uye kuva pangozi kweutano hwamai. Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi pane kusawirirana kweruzhinji nezvetsika, kururama, uye kuva pamutemo kwekubvisa nhumbu. Vaya vanopikisa kubvisa nhumbu vanowanzotaura kuti kasvava kana mwana munhu ane kodzero yekurarama saka vakawanda vanoti kubvisa nhumbu kuponda. Vaya vanotsigira kodzero dzekubvisa nhumbu vanosimbisa kodzero yemukadzi yekusarudza panyaya dzine chekuita nemuviri wake uye vanosimbisawo kodzero dzevanhu vese.

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