Gustave Coriolis

Gustave Coriolis (1792-1843) aiva murume wekuFrance anozivikanwa nokududzira chiitiko chinozivikanwa chokuti mitutu yemhepo inomonereka nemativi akasiyana kuChamhembe  nekuMaodzanyemba kweMuenzanisi.

Musaka waCoriolis


Pachinyorwa chino Coriolis Effect iri kuturikirwa kunzi Musaka waCoriolis uye inotsangangurwa sezvinotevera. 

Musaka waCoriolis unoonekwa pakuti kuChamhembe mweya uri mudutu remhepo unomonereka nedivi rakarondana nekiroko; asi kuMaodzanyemba mweya uri mudutu remhepo unomonereka nedivi rakapokana nekiroko. 

Mhepo inokonzerwa nokusiyana kwepuresha yemweya munzvimbo dzakasiyana pano paNyika. Mhepo inovhuvhuta ichibva kupuresha yakakwirira ichienda kupuresha yakaderera.  Apo mhepo inofamba ichienda kune puresha yakaderera (sezvarehwa), gwara rainotevera rinopandana negwara repakutanga; izvi zvichikonzerwa neFosi yaCoriolis. Mhepo inovhuvhuta kuChamhembe kweMuenzanisi inopandukira kuruboshwe ichisundwa neFosi yaCoriolis. Mhepo inovhuvhuta kuMaodzanyemba kweMuenzanisi inopandukira kurudyi. Mwero wekupanduka kwemhepo kubva mugwara repakutanga unoyenderana nespidhi kuti mhepo iri muvhuvhuta munzvimbo yerumbariro rwupi. Mhepo ine spidhi yakakakura inopanduka zvakakurawo. Mhepo iri kuvhuvhuta kurumbariro rwakakwirira pedyo nemagonga (poles) inopanduka zvakanyanya kubva mugwara repakutanga.  Fosi yaCoriolis inenge iri zero pamuenzanisi.


Fosi yaCoriolis

Fosi yaCoriolis inotsanangurwa nokucherechedza zvinhu zvinotevera:

Mutemo waNewton weKutanga -Mitumbi iri kuhamba inoramba ichihamba nemutowo usingashanduke kana pasina fosi yokunze yakonzera kushanduka kweruhambo.

Tikatarisana neMbariro dzeTaranyika, tinoona kuti nhambwe yakakomberedzwa nembariro idzi haienzane . Nhambwe yakakomberedzwa neMbariro dzeTaranyika yakanyanya kukura paMuenzanisi yoenda ichiderera kumagonga ekuChamhembe nekuMaodzanyemba - North and South poles.

Mitumbi yepano paNyika yakabatwa nefosi yegunganidzo rinokonzera kuti Mitumbi irambe iri paNyika, isingatetereke muchadenga. 

Rufangu rutondapakati (Centripetal Acceleration) - kana spidhi yemutumbi yakakwirisa, mutumbi inotaramuka kubva kuAkiso yeNyika. Kana spidhi yemutumbi yakadzikira, mutumbi inoswedera pedyo neAkiso yeNyika.  

Kufambira Chamhembe neKuuzuru

Pakukumonereka kunoita Nyika paakiso, inomonereka ichibva kuMadokero kuenda kuMabvazuva. Spidhi paGonyo (angular velocity) yakaenzana munzvimbo dzose paNyika. Spidhi paMutsara (linear velocity) yakasiyana zvichienderana nenhambwe iripo kubva paMuenzanisi - iyi yakakwirisa pamuenzanisi yoenda ichiderera kumagonga ekuChamhembe nekuMaodzanyemba.

Mutumbi usina kubatirira pasi uri kuhamba kubva kuchamhembe kana kuMaodzanyemba unoramba uine spidhi yakarereka kuMabvazuva yepanzvimbo pawatangira kufamba isingashanduke. Mutumbi uri kubva paMuenzanisi unoramba une spidhi yakaenzana nemimwe mitumbi yakasara paMuenzanizi; pakufamba kwemutumbi uyu kuenda kuChamhembe kana kuMaodzanyemba, unogumisidza wave nespidhi inodarika yenzvimbo dzeNyika dziri kure neMuenzanisi. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti mutumbi uri kubva paMuenzanisi uchienda kuMaodzanyemba unoita spidhi yakarereka kuMabvazuva inodarika spidhi yenzvimbo dziri pasi pawo - kutaridzika kwazvo kunoita kunge mutumbi uyu wasundwa ukapandukira kuMabvazuva.  Mutumbi uri kuenda kuMuenzanisi uchibva kuMaodzanyemba unoita spidhi yakarereka kuMabvazuva yakaderera pane spidhi yenzvimbo dziri pasi pawo - kutaridzika kwazvo kunoita kunge mutumbi uyu wasundwa ukapandukira kuMadokero.  

Zvakanaka kuonesana kuti Fosi yaCoriolis haisi fosi yemazvirokwazvo - hakuna fosi chaiyo inobata mhepo kana mitumbi saizvozvi. Chiri kurasisa meso apa ndechekuti mitumbi yakasununguka kubva pasi inenge ichifamba nespidhi yakasiyana nenzvimbo dziri pas kuenda kurudyi kana kuruboshwe. Naizvozvo Fosi yaCoriolis ingadzi fosi yekufungidzira.

Kufambira kuMabvazuva nekuMadokero

Rufangu rutondapakati (Centripetal Acceleration) inodudzirwa serufangu runodikanwa kuti mutumbi urambe uchipoterera mudenderedzwa uri panhambwe yakatarwa nenhara. Pano paNyika nhara yacho yakasakamara paAkiso panomonereka Nyika uye rufangu rutondapakati rwakatondeka divi rimwechetero rakasakamara paAkiso. Zvimwechetezvo zvinoonekwa pamitumbi inofamba panyika ichinge yakadarika spidhi inotenderwa nerufangu rutondapakati rwepahukwidza pairi.

Ngativambei nemutumbi uri panzvimbo yepaNyika ine spidhi yakarerekera kuMabvazuva inozivikanwa. Zvino tochifambisa mutumbi uyu tichienda kuMabvazuva kana kuMadokero nespidhi yakasiyana nespidhi iri panzvimbo yepaNyika patangirwa. Mufananidzo uri pano wakaita sedombo rakasungirwa pandandi inotatamuka (dombo richitaramuka) panokwira spidhi, ndanndi yodzokera pahupfupi (dombo richidzoka pedyo) panodzika spidhi. Zvinocherechedzwa ndezvekuti mitumbi (yakadai sendege kana zvipotswa) iri kuenda kuMabvazuva inoda kutaramuka kubva paAkiso yeNyika, naizvozvo mitumbi iyi inopandukira kwakadziva kuMuenzanisi ichisiya gwara repakutanga - izvi kuitira kuti nhambwe kubva paAkiso irebeswe.  Mitumbi iri kuenda kuMadokero inoda kuswedera kuAkiso yeNyika, naizvozvo mitumbi iyi inopandukira kubva kuMuenzanisi ichisiya gwara repakutanga - izvi kuitira kuti nhambwe kubva paAkiso ipfupiswe.

Kurerutsa Mutauro

Divi Rakarondana neKiroko (Clockwise) zvichireva kuti chiro chiri kutevedza divi rokutenderera kweKikoro.
Divi Rakapokana neKiroko (Anti-Clockwise) zvichireva kuti chiro chiri kutevedza divi rinopokana nokutenderera kweKikoro.
Mutandiro wePuresha Yakaderera  (Low-Pressure System) zvichireva nzvimbo iri paNyika ine puresha yakaderera.
Mutandiro wePuresha Yakakwirira  (High-Pressure System) zvichireva nzvimbo iri paNyika ine puresha yakakwirira.

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