Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis, inonyorwawo kuti leishmaniosis, chirwere chinokonzerwa neprotozoa parasaiti remhando yeLeishmania uye chinoparadzirwa munhu paanorumwa neimwe mhando yeumhutu hwemunzvimbo dzine jecha. Chirwere ichi chinobudira munzvimbo nhatu: muganda, muganda nemikana inobuda kunze kwemuviri, kana leishmaniasis yemuchipfuva nemudumbu. Kana riri ganda, panoita maronda, kana riri ganda nemikana inobuda kunze kwemuviri panoita maronda paganda, muromo uye mhino, nepo kana muri muchipfuva nemudumbu, panotanga maronda paganda, pozova nefivha, kushomeka kwemasero matsvuku eropa, uye kukura kwechiropa nechitaka.

Utachiona muvanhu hunokonzerwa nemhando dzinodarika 20 dzeumhutu hwe"Leishmania". Zvinowedzera dambudziko iri zvinosanganisira urombo, kushaika kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kuparadzwa kwemasango, uye kuwedzera kwevanhu mumaguta vachibva mumamisha. Mhando dzose dziri nhatu dzechirwere ichi dzinogona kuzivikanwa nokutarisa utachiona hwacho pachishandiswa maikorosikopu. Uyewo, kana iri mhando yemuchipfuva nemudumbu, inogona kuzivikanwa nekuongororwa kweropa.

Leishmaniasis inogona kudzivirirwa nekurara munhu akazvidzivirira nemambure akaiswa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira kufirita kuti umhutu hwemujecha hufe uye kukurumidza kurapa varwere kuitira kuti utachiona husarambe huchipararira. Marapirwo anozoshandiswa anotsamira pakuti chirwere chacho chawanika kupi, mhando yeumhutu hwe"Leishmania", uye mhando yeutachiona hwacho. Mimwe yemishonga inogona kushandisirwa kurapa mhando yemuchipfuva nemudumbu inosanganisira liposomal amphotericin B, mubatanidzwa wepentavalent antimonials neparomomycin, uye miltefosine. Kana chiri chirwere chemuganda, paromomycin, fluconazole, kana pentamidine inogona kushanda.

Kutaura kuno, vanhu mamiriyoni 12 vatori neutachiona munyika dzinokwana 98. Vanokwana mamiriyoni maviri vakabatwa nahwo kekutanga uye vari pakati pe20,000 ne50,000 vanofa gore negore. Vanenge mamiriyoni 200 muAsia, Africa, South nemuCentral America, nekumaodzanyemba kweEurope vanogara munzvimbo dzinonyanya kuwanika chirwere ichi. World Health Organization yakaita kuti mimwe yemishonga inorapa chirwere ichi iwanike nemitengo yakaderedzwa. Chirwere chacho chinogonawo kuva pane dzimwe mhuka, dzinosanganisira imbwa uye mbeva nezvimwe zvakada kudaro.

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