Qara Yuluk Osman Beg

Qara Yuluk Osman Beg (about 1356–1435) was the first strong leader of the Aq Qoyunlu Turkomans.John E. Woods, The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire (University of Utah Press, 1999) He was born the son of Fakhr‑ud‑Din Qutlugh Beg and became known by the nickname Qara Yuluk, meaning “Black Leech,” in old chronicles.Faruk Sümer, Kara Koyunlular (Ankara, 1984) He married a daughter of Alexios III of Trebizond, which gave him ties to the Byzantine world.Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties (Edinburgh University Press, 1996) Osman united many Turkmen tribes and fought against the rival Qara Qoyunlu, making Diyarbakır his main base.Beatrice Forbes Manz, Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran (Cambridge University Press, 2007) His rule lasted for decades and he expanded Aq Qoyunlu lands across eastern Anatolia and western Iran.John E. Woods, The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire (University of Utah Press, 1999) After his death in 1435, his family continued to build the dynasty, and later rulers like Uzun Hasan made it into one of the strongest powers of the region.Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties (Edinburgh University Press, 1996)

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