Percy the Small Engine

Percy the Small Engine is a fictional anthropomorphic steam engine from The Railway Series of children's books written by Wilbert Awdry and his son, Christopher Awdry. Percy also appears in the television series Thomas & Friends.

Percy lives on the Island of Sodor with many other locomotives, including Thomas the Tank Engine, Gordon the Big Engine and Henry the Green Engine. He is the smallest, youngest and probably cheekiest, of the principal steam engine characters. He carries the number 6 on his bunker.

The Fat Controller brought him to Sodor when there was an engine strike due to a shortage of shunting engines. The bigger engines initially tried to bully him, but Percy soon showed that he was more than capable of standing up for himself. After a few years of shunting at the Big Station, the Fat Controller promoted him to goods traffic on Thomas' branch line. When not pulling trucks, he can be seen pulling the post train or even taking Annie and Clarabel when Thomas is busy. Percy's best friends are Thomas and Toby. He is also known to have a great respect for Edward ever since his first appearance.

He is reasonably experienced but can still occasionally be a little naive and overconfident. In that sense, he is the perfect foil for Thomas, who can be just as headstrong.

Percy's first appearance in The Railway Series was in book no. 5, Troublesome Engines, originally published in 1950. He was given his own title with book no. 11, Percy the Small Engine.

Illustration controversy
Like Henry the Green Engine, Percy was the source of much friction between Rev. W. Awdry and C. Reginald Dalby, the first illustrator of The Railway Series. Awdry complained that Percy did not look like a real locomotive, an issue that had caused contention between the two men on several occasions concerning several characters. In the case of Percy, it was particularly infuriating, as Awdry had built a model of the engine for the artist to use as a reference.

All of that came to a head when the book Percy the Small Engine, centring on the eponymous character, was written. Awdry wrote to Dalby a letter that told him, "I beg, pray, and exhort you not to make Percy look like a green caterpillar with red stripes!" Insulted, Dalby resigned from the Railway Series.

Subsequent illustrators modified the design to make Percy look more like a typical industrial locomotive. The television series, however, used the original design.

The phrase "a green caterpillar with red stripes" resurfaces in the later story Woolly Bear in which Thomas uses it as an insult to Percy and amends were made between Awdry and Dalby.

Origins
In general outline, Percy is a fairly typical British industrial shunting locomotive. His bunker is quite unusual for an 0-4-0ST shunter but was presumably added to allow him to travel greater distances without refuelling than was previously possible. Where Percy came from is not known, but according to the book Troublesome Engines, he was bought at an "engine workshop" by the Fat Controller. Percy was needed to shunt the yard at the main station, as the tender engines (Gordon, Henry and James) had protested about having to shunt their own trains.

Awdry considered it essential that his railway stories should be as realistic as possible. To that end, most of his locomotive characters were based upon real designs. However, Percy was designed before that policy came into effect. Percy's history within the fictional universe is largely unknown, as he does not precisely match any real locomotive design; he is of "obscure antecedents", as Awdry himself puts it. 
He bears a resemblance to several designs of 0-4-0 tank locomotive built by the Avonside Engine Company such as GWR No. 1340 Trojan and so Awdry stated that Percy had probably begun as one of then but had been extensively rebuilt: "fitters at Crovan's Gate have found components made by Hunslet and other manufacturers".

Percy as a model

Percy is an 0-4-0ST of unknown origin but is almost certainly second-hand. Percy arrived on Sodor in 1934 and was first used as Tidmouth Pilot and then to help rebuild Knapford Harbour. Percy is now based at Ffarquhar.

Percy arrived in "Troublesome Engines" (1950), the only locmotive whose acquisition from a workshop is actually described. His own book "Percy the Small Engine" dates from 1956. C. Reginald Dalby quit as illustrator after Awdry described his portrayal of Percy in "Percy the Small Engine" as a "caterpillar". Amends were made in "Tramway Engines" (1972) in which Percy's accident with treacle and straw forced him to to look like a real caterpillar.
In the tale of how he came about, "the artist didn't pay much attention, so my Percy -- the proper one -- looks different from the Percy in the books". Awrwy also describes his "Spare Percy" for use during emergencies: 

"I built PERCY in 1949 (the year I wrote "Troublesome Engines" - the book in which Percy first appears), and I soldered him together out of brass and other parts cut and filed to shape. I wanted another engine - Thomas was then the only one I had - and I also wanted a model of Percy to help our then artist draw his pictures; but the artist didn't pay much attention, so my Percy -- the proper one -- looks different from the Percy in the books. Stewart Reidpath made a chassis for me and fitted it with one of his motors, so Percy is sometimes as temperamental as Thomas, and for the same reason. He will run and shunt beautifully for weeks on end and the suddenly, and for no apparent reason, decide to be 'Awkward'. This can be exasperating, especially at exhibitions. He did this at Nottingham Exhibition 1978, and the only thing to do then was to use my 'Spare Percy' which I had made for just such an emergency.
"To make 'Spare Percy' I cut out the boiler and side tanks from a Tri-ang 'Nellie' and filled the resulting space between cap and smokebox with a section of saddletank cut from an Airfix kit. The outside cylinders came from another Airfix kit, and were cemented to 'Nellie's' metal frames with Evostick. I fitted scale wheels in place of 'Nellie's' rather clumsy ones, and filled up the body with plasticine. The good wheels and extra weight has made 'Spare Percy' into a smooth running engine almost as good as the real Percy in his best moments."

Meanwhile, Hornby's later 00 gauge Percy was made from a brand new tool after initial thoughts to use the Caledonian Railway "Pug" were rejected, although Percy eventually came to share many of its parts.

Percy in the television series
In the television series, Percy made his debut in the first season in the episode "Trouble in the Shed", which aired in 1984. He has appeared in every single season since then. 

Of all of the engines, Percy holds the unwanted record of having the most accidents in a season of Thomas and Friends. In season two, he had 5 accidents — in "Thomas, Percy and the Coal",  "Percy Takes The Plunge", "Percy's Predicament", "Ghost Train", and "Woolly Bear".

His personality has been kept the same until about theeighth season, when he became more curious about the world and so resembles Sesame Street's Elmo. He particularly enjoys pulling the mail train.

Voice Actors
 Keith Wickham (UK; Hero of the Rails – Sodor's Legend of the Lost Treasure)
 Nigel Pilkington (UK; Season 19 onwards)
 Martin Sherman (US; Hero of the Rails – Season 18)
 Christopher Ragland (US; Season 19 onwards)
 Linda Ballantyne (Thomas and the Magic Railroad)
 Michael Angelis (Thomas and the Magic Railroad; original work-prints only)
 Chisato Nakajima (Japan; Season 1 – Season 8)
 Chie Kojiro (Japan; Calling All Engines! onwards)

Percy in Thomas and the Magic Railroad
Percy is first seen in the film when Henry reveals the legend of the lost engine, where he suggests that they start searching for her. He overhears Mr. Conductor talking in his sleep about magic buffers and concludes that they lead to the Magic Railroad. He tells Thomas about the buffers but is overheard by Diesel 10.

When the location of the buffers is located indirectly by Thomas, Percy is ordered to guard them, only to later find Splatter and Dodge near the buffers, and so he warns Thomas and Mr. Conductor in time for them to help Lily Stone return to her grandfather.

Percy is voiced by Linda Ballantyne in the movie.

Heritage Railways Replica
Strasburg Rail Road, in the United States, announced the introduction of "Percy, the Small Engine" for the "Day Out With Thomas" on September 13, 2014.

References

Other websites
Martin Clutterbuck's page on the origins of Percy.
Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1949
Category:Railway Series characters