Muhammad Shah Adil

Muhammad Adil Shah (Muhammad Mubariz Khan; died 1557) was Sultan of the Sur Empire from December 1554 until his defeat in January 1555.Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). The Mughul Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, , pp.94–6 He was the last Suri ruler of the united empire, after which the empire fell into civil war.

Early life
He was the son of Nizam Khan, the younger brother of the Sultan Sher Shah Suri. Adil's sister, Bibi Bai, was married to Islam Shah Suri. His real name was Muhammad Mubariz Khan. 

Rule
Muhammad Mubariz Khan came to power after killing his twelve year old cousin Firuz Shah Suri in 1554, when the came to power he changed his name to Muhammad Adil Shah.

He came to power as the last Sultan of the united empire. He made Hemu his Wazir.

Shah Adil tried to get the nobles and the army on his side by giving them large sums of money and titles but because he had killed the rightful ruler who was only 12 this led to serious consequences for him and the empire.

Ibrahim Khan Sur, who was in charge of Agra, rebelled took and then over Delhi for himself. At the same time, Ahmad Khan Sur, the governor of Lahore, declared independence calling himself Sikandar Shah.

Also Muhammad Khan Sur in Bengal also revolted, calling himself Shams-ud-din Muhammad Shah Ghazi. The empire had split into four main regions, Delhi and Agra under Ibrahim Shah Suri, Panjab under Sikandar Shah Suri, Bengal under Shams-ud-din Muhammad Shah, and the area from Agra to Bihar under Muhammad Adil Shah.
 Region Ruler Base of Power Delhi to Agra Ibrahim Shah Suri Delhi Punjab Sikandar Shah Suri Lahore Bengal Shams-ud-din Muhammad Shah Gaur (Gaurah) Agra to Bihar Muhammad Adil Shah Patna

Sikandar Shah Suri went on to fight Ibrahim near Agra in 1555 and won, capturing both Delhi and Agra. 

As the fighting got worse, the old Mughal Emperor Humayun realised he had a chance to get back to power so he returned from Kabul in November 1554. His army quickly took over important areas like Lahore, Jalandhar, and Sirhind. As the Mughal armies marched they defeated their enemies and captured Delhi.

Even while this was happening the fighting among the Suris did not stop. Hemu, who was Shah Adil’s prime minister, won two battles against one of the rebel leaders near Kalpi and Khanua. 

However Adil Shah was no longer emperor and was basically a regional king until finally he was defeated and killed by Khizr Khan Sur of Bengal in 1557,

References

Category:1557 deaths