2028 United States presidential election

The 2028 United States presidential election will be the 61st quadrennial presidential election. The election will be held on Tuesday, November 7, 2028, along with other state and federal elections. It will be the last presidential election to use population information from the 2020 census. Voters will elect a president and vice president to a four-year term. The winners of the election will be inaugurated on January 20, 2029. 

Donald Trump won the 2016 and 2024 elections and cannot run for re-election to a third term due to the Twenty-second Amendment. Trump's second term expires at noon on January 20, 2029.

Vice President JD Vance and Governors Ron DeSantis, Brian Kemp and Glenn Youngkin are potential contenders for the Republican presidential nomination. 

Governors Andy Beshear, Roy Cooper, Gavin Newsom, JB Pritzker, Josh Shapiro, and Gretchen Whitmer are potential contenders for the Democratic presidential nomination. 

 Background 

Donald Trump and JD Vance won the 2024 presidential election. Trump, who was elected president in 2016, but lost the election in 2020 to then-former vice president Joe Biden. Trump defeated incumbent vice president Kamala Harris, who began her campaign following Biden's drop out of the race. Republicans secured control of the Senate and retained a House majority.

 Eligibility and requirements 
Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the Constitution states for a person to serve as president must:

 be a natural-born citizen of the United States. Foreign-born American citizens who met the age and residency requirements at the time the Constitution was adopted were also eligible for the presidency. However, this allowance has since become obsolete.
 be at least thirty-five years old.
 be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years.

 Electoral map 

In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on swing states, which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states are Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan. The others include Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, and North Carolina, which all were won by Trump in 2024.

 Republican Party 

 Potential candidates 

 Ron DeSantis 
Ron DeSantis has been the governor of Florida since 2019 and recently ran for the Republican nomination in 2024. He appeared in a debate with California governor Gavin Newsom hosted by Fox News' Sean Hannity in November 2023, in what was viewed by NBC News as a potential 2028 presidential bid.

 Brian Kemp 
Brian Kemp has been the governor of Georgia since 2019. Kemp has been seen as a potential candidate as being term-limited as governor. New sources believe Kemp will either run for U.S. Senate in 2026 or for president in 2028.

 JD Vance 
JD Vance has been the Vice President of the United States since 2025. He was elected vice president after winning the 2024 election as Trump's running mate. Vance is the frontrunner in the primary election, according to The New York Times. He has been dubbed the "MAGA heir-apparent" or "heir apparent of Trumpism" according to USA Today. The Hill stated that Vance's debate performance against Minnesota Governor Tim Walz in October 2024 improved his status as a presidential contender.

 Glenn Youngkin 
Glenn Youngkin was the governor of Virginia from 2022 to 2026, and cannot run for re-election by the state's constitution to a second consecutive term. Youngkin has been reported as a possible candidate by Politico. According to The Washington Post, he is prepping for a 2028 presidential bid.

 Democratic Party 

 Potential candidates 

 Andy Beshear 
Andy Beshear has been the governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was recently on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election, and was seen as a potential replacement for President Joe Biden before he withdrew from the race. In October 2024, Beshear headlined an event for the New Hampshire Democrats, a key early primary state, where he promoted both himself and Vice President Kamala Harris to attendees, signaling his future aspirations. In response to ongoing speculation about his political ambitions, Beshear has stated in an interview with WDKY-TV that he will "see what the future holds", without actually ruling out a potential presidential run.

 Roy Cooper 
Roy Cooper served as the governor of North Carolina from 2017 to 2025. He was considered a potential contender to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election but removed himself from consideration. The New York Times mentioned that Cooper could be a contender for the Democratic party’s 2028 nomination. Politico has also referred to Cooper as a potential contender for the 2028 Democratic Party's presidential nomination.

 Kamala Harris 
Kamala Harris was the vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the nominee for president in the 2024 presidential election after Biden withdrew his bid, losing to Donald Trump. Harris, who has the largest donor network in the Democratic Party, may run for the presidency again in 2028 according to The New York Times and Politico. Her loss in the last election could be seen as a disadvantage. In November 2024, Politico reported that Harris is considering running for president in 2028 or for California governor in 2026.

 Gavin Newsom 
Gavin Newsom has served as the governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by The New York Times, Politico, and The Washington Post after he garnered national attention by December 2023. He was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by The New York Times. According to The New York Times, Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023. In November 2023, he was in a debate with Florida Governor Ron DeSantis hosted by Fox News' Sean Hannity. The debate was seen as a possible presidential bid by NBC News.

 Dean Phillips 
Dean Phillips has served as the representative of Minnesota's 3rd congressional district since 2019. Phillips ran a campaign against Biden in the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries. Phillips received the second-highest number of delegates of any candidate in the primaries, but was unsuccessful. In an interview with CBS Minnesota, Phillips was asked about his future political aspirations. He ruled out a bid for the U.S. senate or the governor's office in 2026 but said, "never say never" regarding another presidential campaign in 2028. The HuffPost reported that after the election, Phillips said of his White House bid, “I would do it a thousand times again.” 

JB Pritzker has been the governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to Chicago Sun-Times. With Newsom, he donated to Middleton.

 Josh Shapiro 
Josh Shapiro has been the governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Shapiro has been seen as a critical figure in Pennsylvania by Democratic strategists and officials, according to Politico and as a politician who could gain votes from white working-class voters, according to CNN. He was said to be a front-runner in the primary by The Philadelphia Inquirer. According to The New York Times, Shapiro was seen as a potential replacement for Biden.

 Gretchen Whitmer 
Gretchen Whitmer had been the governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer has been discussed as a contender in 2028, although she distanced herself from speculation in an interview with Lulu Garcia-Navarro of The New York Times Magazine in June 2024. She disavowed a movement to replace Biden.

 Declined to be candidates 
The following individuals stated that they would not run for president and would not run for the Republican nomination:

 Donald Trump Jr., businessman and son of incumbent president Donald Trump
 Donald Trump, 45th President and 47th President of the United States, (2017–2021; 2025–present)

The following individuals have stated they would not run for the Democrat nomination:

 John Fetterman, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (2023–present) and 34th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania (2019–2023)
 Wes Moore, 63rd Governor of Maryland (2023–present) and CEO of Robin Hood Foundation (2017–2021)
Tim Walz, 41st Governor of Minnesota (2019–present) and U.S. Representative from MN-1 (2007–2019)

The following candidates have declined interest in running: 

 Mark Cuban, billionaire businessman, co-owner of the Dallas Mavericks, and co-founder of 2929 Entertainment

 Opinion polling 

Republican primary
 Aggregate 
AggregatorUpdatedJD VanceDonald Trump Jr.Marco RubioRon DeSantisRobert F. Kennedy Jr.Nikki HaleyVivek RamaswamyTed CruzGlenn YoungkinTulsi GabbardOtherLeadRace to the WHFebruary 26, 2026 46.3%13%12.4%7.5%3.5%2.9%2.7%2.3%1.3%1.4%9.8% Vance +33.3%Real Clear PollingFebruary 26, 2026 45.3%16%11.2%7.4%3.8%2.8%2.3%2.4%1% -7.8% Vance +29.3%Aggregate 45.8%14.5%11.8%7.45%3.65%2.85%2.5%2.35%1.15%1.4%6.55% Vance +31.3%

 Nationwide 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size TedCruz RonDeSantis NikkiHaley Robert F.Kennedy Jr. VivekRamaswamy MarcoRubio DonaldTrump DonaldTrump Jr. JDVance Other UndecidedHarvard HarrisJanuary 28–29, 20262,000 (RV)—————17%—21%53%8%—Echelon InsightsJanuary 22–26, 2026430 (LV)1%7%5%4%3%6%—12% 40%9%11%Big Data PollJanuary 22–24, 20261,306 (RV)4%10%5%7%—7%—— 46%10%11%YouGovJanuary 9–14, 20262,250 (A)2%8%1%1%2%7%—11% 41%9%17%Zogby AnalyticsJanuary 1–7, 2026340 (LV)3%9%———8%—— 58%9%13%Atlas IntelDecember 15–19, 20252,315 (A)—13.4%——1.5%22.6%—1.6% 46.7%14.3%—McLaughlin & AssociatesDecember 12–19, 2025433 (LV)—7%3%—2%6%—26% 34%9%14%Echelon InsightsDecember 11–15, 2025426 (LV)3%9%4%3%2%4%—12% 45%8%9%Big Data PollDecember 10–12, 20251,337 (RV)5%8%5%6%—7%—— 45%11%14%McLaughlin & AssociatesNovember 17–24, 2025439 (LV)—6%6%—3%4%—24% 34%11%15%Echelon InsightsNovember 13–17, 2025472 (LV)2%10%5%5%2%8%—— 47%4%12%Yale Youth PollOctober 29 – November 11, 20253,426 (RV)—6%5%3%—5%—8% 51%8%14%Morning ConsultNovember 7–9, 2025936 (RV)—7%5%3%3%3%—19% 42%—18%YouGovNovember 6–9, 20252,172 (A)4%7%1%3%2%5%—13% 42%5%17%Emerson CollegeNovember 3–4, 2025420 (RV)—1.7%———6.1%7.4%— 53.6%5.7%25.4%Overton InsightsOctober 27–29, 20251,200 (RV)—12%5%8%5%7%—22% 34%—8%McLaughlin & AssociatesOctober 21–27, 2025458 (LV)—5%4%—2%7%—20% 38%10%14%Echelon InsightsOctober 16–20, 2025400 (LV)2%10%6%5%3%6%—— 46%4%15%J.L. PartnersOctober 14–15, 20251,000 (RV)4%7%5%—3%8%—— 40%7%20%Noble Predictive InsightsOctober 2–6, 20251,156 (RV)3%6%3%——4%—25% 38%6%15%Leger360September 26–29, 2025294 (LV)6%————6%—— 50%20%18%McLaughlin & AssociatesSeptember 17–22, 2025470 (LV)—8%3%—2%5%—14% 42%7%19%Echelon InsightsSeptember 18–22, 2025467 (LV)2%8%4%6%3%5%—— 43%11%18%Atlas IntelSeptember 12–16, 20251,066 (A)—16.3%——5.7%12.2%—1.2% 54.6%10%—YouGovSeptember 5–8, 20251,114 (A)2%8%3%1%2%4%—10% 44%6%20%Leger360August 29–31, 2025308 (LV)8%————9%—— 50%19%14%McLauglin & AssociatesAugust 21–26, 2025457 (RV)—10%3%—2%4%—16% 36%11%18%Emerson CollegeAugust 25–26, 2025410 (RV)2.4%7.1%3.8%4.5%2.8%9.4%—— 51.7%7.2%11.1%Echelon InsightsAugust 14–18, 2025441 (LV)2%9%4%9%2%6%—— 43%10%15%Atlas IntelJuly 13–18, 20251,935 (A)—13.2%——1.8%9.7%—4.6% 57.9%12.8%—Echelon InsightsJuly 10–14, 2025463 (LV)3%9%6%5%4%7%—— 42%8%16%McLaughlin & AssociatesJuly 9–14, 2025459 (LV)—8%4%—3%4%—19% 31%10%21%Overton InsightsJune 23–26, 2025444 (RV)—11%7%4%3%9%—26% 32%—9%Emerson CollegeJune 24–25, 2025416 (RV)<0.5%9%2%5%1%12%—— 46%9%17%co/efficientJune 12–16, 20251,035 (LV)—10%——6%5%24%— 61%11%9%McLaughlin & AssociatesJune 10–15, 2025455 (LV)—6%4%—2%4%—14% 36%10%24%Atlas IntelMay 21–27, 20251,044 (A)—8%——5.3%18.7%—8.8% 37.3%21.8%—McLaughlin & AssociatesMay 21–26, 2025457 (LV)—5%4%—1%5%—19% 34%10%22%J.L. PartnersMay 13–14, 2025975 (RV)6%8%5%—7%6%—— 46%9%13%Echelon InsightsMay 8–12, 2025426 (LV)4%7%8%6%5%4%—— 44%9%13%McLaughlin & AssociatesApril 22–29, 2025456 (LV)—6%5%—2%2%—14% 43%9%19%J.L. PartnersApril 23–28, 20251,006 (RV)4%8%5%—3%5%—— 48%12%14%2%6%4%—3%3% 39%—19%14%11%2%10%4%—5%3%—11% 40%12%12%YouGov/ The TimesApril 21–23, 20251,296 (A)3%6%2%5%4%2%16%5% 31%6%20%Atlas IntelApril 10–14, 20252,347 (A)—9%——1%9%—— 60%16%6%Echelon InsightsApril 10–14, 20251,014 (LV)1%9%4%7%5%4%—— 47%7%16%Yale Youth Poll April 1–3, 2025 1% 4% 3% 4% 3% 2% 56% — 19% 8% — 3% 8% 4% 9% 4% 3% — — 53% 17% —YouGov/EconomistMarch 30 – April 1, 2025594 (RV)2%8%3%2%3%4%—11% 43%4%20%Overton InsightsMarch 24–28, 2025536 (RV)–13%––6%6%—31% 36%7%–Echelon InsightsMarch 10–13, 2025450 (LV)5%7%7%7%3%4%—— 46%5%16% McLaughlin & Associates February 11–18, 2025 468 (LV) — 6% 3% — 4% 3% — 17% 37% 10% 22% Echelon Insights February 10–13, 2025 466 LV 4% 10% 8% — 5% 4% — — 39% 10% 20% McLaughlin & Associates January 22–27, 2025 453 (LV) — 8% 2% — 3% 3% — 21%27% 11% 24%January 20, 2025 Second inauguration of Donald Trump McLaughlin & Associates December 11–16, 2024 463 (LV) — 9% 4% – 4% 2%— 21%25% 9% 24% Morning Consult December 6–8, 2024 994 (RV) — 9% 6% 5% 5% 1%— 30% 30% 19% — Emerson College November 20–22, 2024 420 (RV) 1% 5% 2% 2% 3% 1% 23% —30% 9% 28% Echelon Insights November 14–18, 2024 483 (LV) 5% 8% 9% — 9% 5% — —37% 9% 18%November 5, 2024 2024 United States presidential election held.Echelon InsightsJuly 19–21, 2024456 (LV)4%14%9% —10%2% —25%16%21%Echelon InsightsJanuary 16–18, 2024832 (RV)—27%19% —18%— —1%18%17%

 Statewide 
 California 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size TedCruz RonDeSantis Robert F.Kennedy Jr. MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeDecember 1–2, 2025339 (LV)2.2%5.7%10.2%11.2% 51.8%7.1%11.8%Emerson CollegeAugust 4–5, 2025221 (LV)6.4%8.8%9.9%4.2% 39.6%14.6%16.5%

 Florida 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis JDVance NikkiHaley Fabrizio February 26–27, 2025 600 (LV) 33% 47% 20%

 Georgia 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis JDVance DonaldTrump Jr. MarcoRubio Other Undecided yes. every kid. July 22–23, 2025 608 (LV) 9% 48% 9% 7% 16% 11%

 South Carolina 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis JDVance DonaldTrump Jr. NikkiHaley TimScott Other Undecided yes. every kid. July 18–21, 2025 406 (LV) 6% 46% 8% 12% 5% 14% 9%

 Maine 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis NikkiHaley MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedUniversity of New HampshireOctober 16–21, 2025381 (LV)11%4%4%60%3%8%

 New Hampshire 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis TulsiGabbard NikkiHaley VivekRamaswamy MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedSaint AnselmNovember 18–19, 2025 1000 (LV) 7% 4% 4% 4% 9% 57% 2% 10%University of New HampshireOctober 16–21, 2025679 (LV)3%8%9%3%5%51%10%11%Saint AnselmAugust 26–27, 20251776 (RV)8%5%3%3%7%56%11%7%

 Nevada 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis VivekRamaswamy MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeNovember 16–18, 2025800 (RV)5.8%3.6%6.7%63.3%14.4%11.8%

 North Carolina 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis Robert F.Kennedy Jr. MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeJuly 28–30, 2025416 (LV)7.4%5.1%5.3%53.0%14.4%14.8%

 Ohio 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis VivekRamaswamy MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeAugust 18–19, 2025490 (RV)6.7%6.3%8.9%55.4%12.4%10.3%

 Texas 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size TedCruz RonDeSantis MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeAugust 11–12, 2025491 (RV)8.8%6.1%5.8%44.6%18%16.7%

 Vermont 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size RonDeSantis TulsiGabbard NikkiHaley SarahHuckabee Sanders MarcoRubio JDVance Other UndecidedUniversity of New HampshireOctober 16–21, 2025186 (LV)6%4%4%8%5%60%3%5%

 Democratic primary 
 Aggregate 
AggregatorUpdatedKamala HarrisGavin NewsomPete ButtigiegAlexandriaOcasio-CortezJosh ShapiroAndy BeshearMark KellyJB PritzkerCory BookerOtherLeadRace to the WHFebruary 26, 2026 22%20.6%10.5%8.9%5%3.2%5.6%3.9%2.8%17.5% Harris +1.4% Real Clear PollingFebruary 26, 2026 26.4%20.6%10.3%8.3%6%2.8%5.8%4.3%3.8%11.7% Harris +5.8% VoteHubFebruary 27, 2026 24.7%20.9%10%9%5%2.8%———27.6% Harris +3.8%Aggregate 24.2%20.75%10.25%8.65%5.5%3%5.7%4.1%3.3%14.55% Harris +3.45%

 Nationwide 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size CoryBooker PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez JBPritzker JoshShapiro TimWalz Other UndecidedHarvard HarrisJanuary 28–29, 20262,000 (RV)—— 39%30%12%7%9%—4%—Rasmussen ReportsJanuary 25–27, 20261,115 (LV)6%10% 34%20%7%—10%—6%8%McLaughlin & AssociatesJanuary 21–27, 20261,000 (LV)3%8% 27%14%7%2%4%3%16%18%Echelon InsightsJanuary 22–26, 20261,029 (LV)3%8%21% 27%9%3%3%—13%12%Big Data PollJanuary 22–24, 20261,346 (LV)—11.7% 31.4%22.2%6.4%—6.1%—9.7%12.4%YouGovJanuary 9–14, 20262,250 (LV)3%8% 20%17%9%3%2%1%20%17%Zogby AnalyticsJanuary 1–7, 2026374 (LV)—8% 30%21%11%5%6%—8%11%J.L. PartnersDecember 17–19, 2025383 (LV)3%7% 30%21%3%3%4%3%13%13%Atlas IntelDecember 15–19, 20252,315 (A)2.5%14.5%7.8%35.4%16%—6.1%4.3%13.3%—McLaughlin & AssociatesDecember 12–19, 2025460 (LV)2%8%27%17%6%2%5%4%10%21%Echelon InsightsDecember 11–15, 2025498 (LV)4%11%22%23%6%5%4%3%11%12%Big Data PollDecember 10–12, 20251,331 (RV)—10% 31%20%6%—6%—12%14%McLaughlin & AssociatesNovember 17–24, 2025460 (LV)3%8% 29%20%6%3%4%1%12%16%Echelon InsightsNovember 13–17, 2025484 (LV)4%12%17%29%6%2%3%2%14%11%Yale Youth PollOctober 29 – November 11, 20253,426 (RV)—14%18% 25%16%—4%3%3%17%Morning ConsultNovember 7–9, 2025984 (RV)—8% 29%20%7%————36%YouGovNovember 6–9, 20252,172 (A)4%10%21%19%6%2%3%3%15%17%Emerson CollegeNovember 3–4, 2025417 (RV)1.2%8.6%10.3% 24.5%2.8%2.3%2.6%—12.9%34.9%Overton InsightsOctober 27–29, 20251,200 (RV)5%7% 35%23%7%5%3%3%8%6%McLaughlin & AssociatesOctober 21–27, 2025437 (LV)3%6% 25%22%4%4%6%2%13%17%Echelon InsightsOctober 16–20, 2025512 (LV)5%10%24%15%4%4%5%5%14%12%Noble Predictive InsightsOctober 2–6, 20252,565 (RV)—7% 33%21%8%4%4%—5%17%Leger360September 26–29, 2025341 (LV)—9% 24%19%9%6%8%—8%17%McLaughlin & AssociatesSeptember 17–22, 2025429 (LV)4%7%21% 22%5%2%4%2%11%20%Echelon InsightsSeptember 18–22, 2025500 (LV)6%7%23%17%7%2%6%2%19%12%Atlas IntelSeptember 12–16, 20251,066 (A)2.9%12.1%20.5%37.4%10.8%—2.1%3.6%10.4%—YouGovSeptember 5–8, 20251,114 (A)1%6%19%23%8%4%—5%18%16%YouGov/YahooAugust 29 – September 2, 20251,690 (A)—10%19%21%12%7%4%4%2%—Leger360August 29–31, 2025328 (LV)—8% 30%24%10%4%2%—5%18%McLaughlin & AssociatesAugust 21–26, 2025434 (RV)3%9%27%18%4%2%3%2%12%20%Emerson CollegeAugust 25–26, 2025387 (RV)2.3%16%11.4% 25.1%4.1%4.1%5.3%2.2%13.6%15.9%Morning ConsultAugust 22–24, 2025—9% 29%19%6%3%4%3%5%22%Echelon InsightsAugust 14–18, 2025552 (LV)5%11% 26%13%6%3%3%2%15%16%Atlas IntelJuly 13–18, 20251,935 (A)4.1% 26.7%14.5%15.8%18.5%—3.2%8.7%8.5%—Echelon InsightsJuly 10–14, 2025505 (LV)7%11% 26%10%6%2%4%3%18%13%8% 12%— 12%9%3%5%7%25%19%McLaughlin & AssociatesJuly 9–14, 2025444 (LV)4%8% 25%9%9%2%4%4%13%22%Rasmussen ReportsJune 25–26, and 29, 20251,229 (LV)6%8% 22%12%6%—12%5%15%15% Overton InsightsJune 23–26, 2025396 (RV)4%11%38%10%7%—7%7%9%6%7%15%—15%11%—8%15%15%16%——67%—20%———6%8%Emerson CollegeJune 24–25, 2025404 (RV)3% 16%13%12%7%2%7%—16%23%co/efficientJune 12–16, 20251,035 (LV)—11% 26%21%14%—3%10%33%11%McLaughlin & AssociatesJune 10–15, 2025434 (LV)7%10% 30%8%7%1%3%4%13%21%Morning ConsultJune 13–15, 20251,000 (RV)3%7% 34%11%7%2%2%4%24%16%Atlas IntelMay 21–27, 2025930 (A)10.4%31.5%16.6%7.1%19.4%0.1%4.8%—10.1%—McLaughlin & AssociatesMay 21–26, 2025439 (LV)7%10% 29%4%9%2%6%3%11%19%Echelon InsightsMay 8–12, 2025471 (LV)6%10% 32%5%8%5%2%5%14%13%McLaughlin & AssociatesApril 22–29, 2025442 (LV)7%6% 30%8%8%3%4%4%9%21%YouGov/The TimesApril 21–23, 20251,296 (A)7%9% 28%7%7%3%4%3%10%22%Quantus InsightsApril 21–23, 20251,000(RV)13%13% 30%7%14%—5%5%6%5%Atlas IntelApril 10–14, 20252,347 (A)9% 28%24%7%16%———15%2%Data For ProgressApril 9–14, 2025745 (LV)14% 17%—10%14%4%6%7%15%9%Data For ProgressApril 9–14, 2025745 (LV)12%14% 18%8%12%4%5%4%16%7%Echelon InsightsApril 10–14, 20251,014 (V)11%7% 28%4%7%3%3%5%17%12%Yale Youth Poll April 1–3, 2025 — 14% 28% 6% 21%3% 5% — 23% —YouGov/EconomistMarch 30 – April 1, 2025650 (RV)1%10% 25%7%8%——4%20%25%Morning ConsultMarch 14–16, 20253%10% 36%5%5%2%4%5%21%13%Echelon InsightsMarch 10–13, 2025457 (LV)2%10% 33%7%7%2%2%5%19%15% SurveyUSA February 13–16, 2025 835 (RV) — 11%37% 9% 7%— 6% 0% 20% — McLaughlin & Associates February 11–18, 2025 418 (LV) — 8%36% 4% 3%2% 3% 4% 18% 23% Echelon Insights February 10–13, 2025 447 (LV) 2% 10%36% 6% 5%2% 3% 9% 19% 10% McLaughlin & Associates January 22–27, 2025 414 (LV) 2% 9%33% 7% 6%1% 3% 3% 22% 22%January 20, 2025 Second inauguration of Donald Trump McLaughlin & Associates December 11–16, 2024 428 (LV) 2% 12%35% 7% 3%3% 5% 5% 15% 19% Emerson College November 20–22, 2024 400 (RV) 4%37% 7% 1%1% 3% 1% 15% 35% Echelon Insights November 14–18, 2024 457 (LV) 2% 6%41% 8% 4%2% 7% 6% 10% 16% Morning Consult November 15–17, 2024 1,012 (V) 2% 9%43% 8% 4%1% 5% 7% 22% —November 5, 2024 2024 United States presidential election held.Morning Consult/PoliticoMay 28–29, 20243,997 (RV) — 10%21% 10% —— 3% — 12%41%Echelon InsightsJanuary 16–18, 2024499 (RV) — 13%33% 11% —3% 2% — 9% 29%

 Statewide 
 Alaska 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample sizeAndyBeshear PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez JBPritzkerJoshShapiro TimWalz GretchenWhitmer Other UndecidedAlaska Survey ResearchOctober 10–15, 2025315 (RV)3%20%19% 23%17%6%2%7%5%——

 California 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size CoryBooker PeteButtigieg AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez KamalaHarris AmyKlobuchar GavinNewsom JoshShapiro GretchenWhitmer Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeDecember 1–2, 2025567 (LV)1.6%15.7%13.4%8.8%1.2% 35.9%3.4%1.7%7.4%11%Citrin PoliticoJuly 28 – August 12, 20251,445 (RV)4%13%10%19%2% 25%3%3%21%—Emerson CollegeAugust 4–5, 2025444 (LV)2.7%17.4%9%11%1.2% 23.1%4.4%1.6%15.7%13.9%Capitol WeeklyMay 21–30, 20251,122 (LV)—7.7%9.9%15.3%— 17.2%6.3%5.5%5%33.1% Capitol Weekly February 3–7, 2025 681 V 5% 15%— 15% 6%27% 6% 6% 20% —

 Florida 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample sizePete ButtigiegAlexandriaOcasio-CortezCory BookerGavin NewsomAndy BeshearJosh Shapiro Undecided Victory Insights June 7–10, 2025 600 LV23%14%12%12%5%3% 31%

 Maine 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size CoryBooker PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez JBPritzker BernieSanders Other UndecidedUniversity of New HampshireOctober 16–21, 2025 470 (LV) 7% 14% 9% 16% 15% 8% 7% 14% 10%

 New Hampshire 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size CoryBooker PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez JBPritzker BernieSanders Other UndecidedSaint AnselmNovember 18–19, 2025 1015 (LV) 4% 28% 6% 24% — 4% — 4% 18%University of New HampshireOctober 16–21, 2025 602 (LV) 2% 19% 11% 15% 14% 6% 8% 15% 10%Saint AnselmAugust 26–27, 20251776 (RV)5% 23%6% 23%7%9%4%15%12%

 North Carolina 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size AndyBeshear CoryBooker PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez BernieSanders Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeJuly 28–30, 2025445 (LV)3.7%5.2% 16.8%12.0%10.2%4.1%6.9%17.2%23.9%

 Nevada 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size AndyBeshear PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez JBPritzker JoshShapiro Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeNovember 16–18, 2025800 (RV)3.6%18.9%6.0% 36.9%8.9%3.5%3.0%4.7%14.4%

 Ohio 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsomAlexandriaOcasio-Cortez BernieSanders TimWalz Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeAugust 18–19, 2025383 (RV)15.3%6.8% 20.0%8.1%6.6%7.1%18.8%17.4%

 Texas 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez BernieSanders Other UndecidedEmerson CollegeAugust 11–12, 2025370 (RV) 21.6%16.8%19.5%5.6%5.4%16.9%14.2%

 Vermont 
 Poll source Date(s) administered Sample size CoryBooker PeteButtigieg KamalaHarris GavinNewsom AlexandriaOcasio-Cortez JBPritzker BernieSanders Other UndecidedUniversity of New HampshireOctober 16–21, 2025 476 (LV) 3% 16% 6% 17% 17% 4% 14% 9% 14%

 General election 
 Nationwide 
 JD Vance vs. Kamala Harris 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Kamala HarrisUndecidedZogbyJanuary 1–7, 2026891 (LV)42.1% 48.5%9.4%Morning ConsultNovember 14–16, 20252,201 (RV)42% 43%15%Overton InsightsJune 23–26, 20251,200 (RV)42% 45%12%January 20, 2025 Second inauguration of Donald Trump On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A)41% 43%16% American Pulse Research & Polling December 17–20, 2024 661 (LV)46% 47%7%

 JD Vance vs. Gavin Newsom 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Gavin NewsomUndecidedZogbyJanuary 1–7, 2026891 (LV) 44.6%41%14.3%The Argument/VerasightNovember 10–17, 20251,508 (RV)46.4% 53.6% –Morning ConsultNovember 14–16, 20252,201 (RV) 42%41%17%Overton InsightsOctober 27–29, 20251,200 (RV)43% 46%11%YouGovOctober 16–20, 20251,000 (A)32% 36%32%Echelon InsightsOctober 16–20, 20251,010 (LV)46% 47%7%Emerson CollegeOctober 13–14, 20251,000 (RV) 45.5%44.9%9.6%Leger360August 29–31, 2025849 (A)46% 47%7%YouGov/YahooAugust 29 – September 2, 20251,690 (A)41% 49%10%Emerson CollegeAugust 25–26, 20251,000 (RV) 44.4%43.5%12.1%On Point/SoCal StrategiesAugust 18, 2025700 (A)37% 39%23%Emerson CollegeJuly 21–22, 20251,400 (RV) 45.3%42.1%12.6%January 20, 2025 Second inauguration of Donald Trump On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 37%34%29%

 JD Vance vs. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Alexandria Ocasio-CortezUndecidedThe Argument/VerasightDecember 5–11, 20251,521 (RV)49% 51% –YouGovOctober 16–20, 20251,000 (A)34%34%32%Emerson CollegeJuly 21–22, 20251,400 (RV) 44.4%41.0%14.6%

 JD Vance vs. Josh Shapiro 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Josh ShapiroUndecided On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 37%34%29%

 JD Vance vs. Stephen A. Smith 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Stephen A. SmithUndecidedOn Point/SoCal StrategiesAugust 18, 2025700 (A) 37%35%28%

 JD Vance vs. Gretchen Whitmer 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Gretchen WhitmerUndecided On Point/SoCal Strategies December 23, 2024 656 (A) 40%33%26%

 JD Vance vs. Pete Buttigieg 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize JD Vance Pete ButtigiegUndecidedOn Point/SoCal StrategiesAugust 18, 2025700 (A)37% 41%21%Emerson CollegeJuly 21–22, 20251,400 (RV) 43.9%43.1%13.0%

 Marco Rubio vs. Kamala Harris 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize Marco Rubio Kamala HarrisUndecidedMorning ConsultNovember 14–16, 20252,201 (RV)40% 42%18%

 Marco Rubio vs. Gavin Newsom 

Poll sourceDate(s)administeredSamplesize Marco Rubio Gavin NewsomUndecidedMorning ConsultNovember 14–16, 20252,201 (RV)39% 41%20%Leger360August 29–31, 2025849 (A)44% 49%7%

 Notes 

 References 

Category:2028 elections
Category:United States presidential elections
Category:2020s elections in the United States