Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive

The voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive or stop is a rare consonant.

Pharyngeal consonants are usually pronounced at two parts of the pharynx, upper and lower. The lower part is epiglottal, so the upper part is usually shortened to just 'pharyngeal'. In languages around the world, the upper pharynx makes a voiceless fricative  and a voiced sound that can be a fricative or (more commonly) approximant, . The epiglottal part makes the plosive  and also sounds like the fricative  and trill . Because the fricative and trill are usually trilled and rarely just fricative, these consonants are simply called pharyngeal, and are labelled as plosive, fricative/approximant and trill.John Esling (2010) 'Phonetic Notation', in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p. 695.

 Examples 
No language is known to have a phonemic upper pharyngeal plosive. Some say the Nǁng language (Nǀuu) has an upper pharyngeal place of articulation in its click consonants— clicks in Nǁng have a closing in the back that is said to sometimes be uvular and sometimes be upper pharyngeal, depending on the click type.Miller, Amanda L., Johanna Brugman, Bonny Sands, Levi Namaseb, Mats Exter, and Chris Collins. 2009a. 'Differences in airstream and posterior place of articulation among Nǀuu clicks.' Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39(2): 132. However, if the place was actually pharyngeal, they could not also exist as nasal clicks, which they do.

Besides that, upper pharyngeal plosives are only known from disordered speech. The extIPA has the letter  (a turned small-capital ), the same as IPA , for this sound.Duckworth et al. (1990)  Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 4: 4 p. 275

 See also 

 Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive

 References 

Category:Consonants