Lists of rulers of Sudan

List 
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
IncumbentPortraitTenureNotesTurco-Egyptian SudanIsma'il Kamil Pasha, 
CommanderNovember 1820 to 1821Muhammad Bey Defterdar, 
CommanderApril 1821 to September 1824Osman Bey Jarkas, 
CommanderSeptember 1824 to May 1825Mahu Bey Urfali, 
CommanderMay 1825 to March 1826Ali Khurshid Agha, 
GovernorMarch 1826 to 1835Ali Khurshid Pasha, 
Hakimdar1835 to June 1838Governor-GeneralAhmad Pasha abu Widan, 
HakimdarJune 1838 to 6 October 1843Governor-GeneralAhmad Pasha Manikli (Manliki), 
Hakimdar1843 to 1845Governor-GeneralKhalid Khusraw Pasha, 
Hakimdar1845 to 1850Governor-General'Abd al-Latif Pasha, 
Hakimdar1850 to January 1851Governor-GeneralRustum Pasha Jarkas, 
HakimdarJanuary 1851 to May 1852Governor-GeneralIsma'il Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal, 
HakimdarMay 1852 to 1853Governor-GeneralSalim Pasha Sa'ib al-Jaza'irli, 
Hakimdar1853 to 1854Governor-GeneralAli Pasha Sirri al-Arna'ut, 
HakimdarJuly 1854 to November 1854Governor-GeneralAli Pasha Jarkas, 
Governor1854 to 1855Arakil Bey al-Armani, 
Governor1856 to 1858Hasan Bey Salama Jarkas, 
Governor1859 to 1861Muhammad Rasikh Bey, 
Governor1861 to 1862Mūsā Pasha Ḥamdī, 
Hakimdar1862 to 1865Governor-General'Umar Bey Fakhri, 
acting Hakimdar1865 to November 1865acting Governor-GeneralJa'afar Pasha Sadiq, 
HakimdarNovember 1865 to 1866Governor-GeneralJa'afar Pasha Mazhar, 
Hakimdar1866 to 5 February 1871Governor-GeneralAhmad Mumtaz Pasha, 
Hakimdar5 February 1871 to October 1872Governor-GeneralEdhem Pasha al-Arifi at-Atqalawi, 
acting HakimdarOctober 1872 to 1872acting Governor-GeneralAl-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, 
Hakimdar70x70px1872 to 18 May 1877Governor-GeneralCharles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), 
Hakimdar82x82pxMay 1877 to December 1879Governor-General, 1st timeMuhammad Rauf Pasha, 
Hakimdar96x96pxDecember 1879 to February 1882Governor-GeneralCarl Christian Giegler ("Giegler Pasha"), 
acting Hakimdar86x86px4 March 1882 to 11 May 1882acting Governor-General'Abd al-Qadir Pasha Hilmi, 
HakimdarMay 1882 to March 1883Governor-General'Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq, 
HakimdarMarch 1883 to 5 November 1883Governor-GeneralHenry Watts Russell de Coetlogon, 
acting HakimdarFebruary 1884 to 18 February 1884acting Governor-GeneralCharles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), 
Hakimdar82x82px18 February 1884 to 26 January 1885Governor-General, 2nd time; Killed at the end of the Siege of Khartoum26 January 1885 to 2 October 1898Territory of Turkish Sudan under complete control of Mahdiyah (Mahdist State)Mahdist StateMuhammad Ahmad, 
Mahdi77x77px29 June 1881 to 22 June 1885Self-proclaimed Mahdi, Islamic MessiahAbdallahi ibn Muhammad, 
Khalifa75x75px22 June 1885 to 2 September 1898Self-proclaimed Caliph, successor to Muhammad Ahmad; Defeated in the Battle of Omdurman, and later killed in the Battle of Umm DiwaykaratBritish Military AdministrationHerbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, 
Military Governor79x79px2 September 1898 to 19 January 1899Simultaneously served as SirdarAnglo-Egyptian Sudan (condominium)Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, 
Governor-General79x79px19 January 1899 to 22 December 1899Simultaneously served as SirdarSir Francis Reginald Wingate, 
Governor-General78x78px22 December 1899 to 31 December 1916Simultaneously served as SirdarSir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack, 
Governor-General84x84px1 January 1917 to 20 November 1924Simultaneously served as Sirdar; assassinated in Cairo, 
acting Governor-General21 November 1924 to 5 January 1925Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer, 
Governor-General84x84px5 January 1925 to 6 July 1926The first civilian Governor-GeneralSir John Loader Maffey, 
Governor-General88x88px31 October 1926 to 10 January 1934Sir George Stewart Symes, 
Governor-General77x77px10 January 1934 to 19 October 1940Sir Hubert Jervoise Huddleston, 
Governor-General19 October 1940 to 8 April 1947Sir Robert George Howe, 
Governor-General8 April 1947 to 29 March 1954Sir Alexander Knox Helm, 
Governor-General69x69px29 March 1954 to 12 December 1955Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat, 
acting Governor-General12 December 1955 to 1 January 1956Chief Justice of Sudan1 January 1956Independence as Republic of the Sudan

For continuation after independence, see: List of heads of state of Sudan

 Heads of government of Sudan (1952–present) 
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
! width="90px" |Portrait
!Name

! colspan="2" |Term of office
!Political party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|128x128px
|Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi

|22 October 1952
|November 1953
|National Umma Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|97x97px
|Ismail al-Azhari

|6 January 1954
|1 January 1956
|Democratic Unionist Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|97x97px
|Ismail al-Azhari

|1 January 1956
|5 July 1956
|Democratic Unionist Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|119x119px
|Abdallah Khalil

|5 July 1956
|17 November 1958
|National Umma Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|121x121px
|Ibrahim Abboud

|18 November 1958
|30 October 1964

|Military
|-
! style="background:;" |
|124x124px
|Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa

|30 October 1964
|2 June 1965

|National Umma Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|119x119px
|Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub

|10 June 1965
|25 July 1966
|National Umma Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|116x116px
|Sadiq al-Mahdi

|27 July 1966
|18 May 1967
|National Umma Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|119x119px
|Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub

|18 May 1967
|25 May 1969

|National Umma Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|116x116px
|Babiker Awadalla

|25 May 1969
|27 October 1969
|Independent
|-
! style="background:;" |
|126x126px
|Gaafar Nimeiry

|28 October 1969

|11 August 1976
|Military / 
Sudanese Socialist Union
|-
! style="background:;" |
|90x90px
|Rashid Bakr

|11 August 1976
|10 September 1977
|Sudanese Socialist Union
|-
! style="background:;" |
|126x126px
|Gaafar Nimeiry

|10 September 1977
|6 April 1985

|Military / 
Sudanese Socialist Union
|-
! style="background:;" |
|118x118px
|Al-Jazuli Daf'allah

|22 April 1985
|10 October 1985
|Independent
|-
! style="background:;" |
|118x118px
|Al-Jazuli Daf'allah

|10 October 1985
|6 May 1986
|Independent
|-
! style="background:;" |
|116x116px
|Sadiq al-Mahdi

|6 May 1986
|30 June 1989

|National Umma Party
|-
| colspan="6" |Post abolished (30 June 1989 – 2 March 2017)
|-
! style="background:;" |
|90x90px
|Bakri Hassan Saleh

|2 March 2017
|10 September 2018
|National Congress Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|124x124px
|Motazz Moussa

|10 September 2018
|23 February 2019
|National Congress Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|136x136px
|Mohamed Tahir Ayala

|23 February 2019
|21 August 2019
{{small|(resigned).}}
|National Congress Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|128x128px
|Abdalla Hamdok

|21 August 2019
|25 October 2021

|National Congress Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|128x128px
|Abdalla Hamdok

|21 November 2021
|2 January 2022

|National Congress Party
|-
! style="background:;" |
|90x90px
|Osman Hussein
|19 January 2022
|Incumbent
|National Congress Party
|}

Heads of state of Sudan (1956–present)
(Dates in italics indicate de facto'' continuation of office)

  Portrait Name Elected Term of office Political party  90px Sovereignty Council — 1 January 1956 17 November 1958 Multipartisan  90px Ibrahim Abboud — 17 November 1958 16 November 1964 Military  90px Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa — 16 November 1964 3 December 1964 National Umma Party 90px First Committee of Sovereignty— 3 December 1964 10 June 1965Multipartisan  Second Committee of Sovereignty 10 June 1965 8 July 1965  90px Ismail al-Azhari — 8 July 1965 25 May 1969 Democratic Unionist Party  90px Gaafar Nimeiry 197119771983 25 May 1969 6 April 1985 Military /  Sudanese Socialist Union  90px Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab — 6 April 1985 6 May 1986 Military  90px Ahmed al-Mirghani — 6 May 1986 30 June 1989 Democratic Unionist Party  90px Omar al-Bashir 1996200020102015 30 June 1989 11 April 2019 Military /  National Congress Party  90px Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf — 11 April 2019 12 April 2019 Military /  National Congress Party  90px Abdel Fattah al-Burhan — 12 April 2019 20 August 2019  Military  90px Transitional Sovereignty Council — 20 August 2019 25 October 2021 Multipartisan    90px Abdel Fattah al-Burhan — 25 October 2021 11 November 2021 Military  90px Transitional Sovereignty Council — 11 November 2021 Incumbent Multipartisan

Vice presidents
First vice presidents
TitlePortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationRepresentingPresidentRefs Took office Left office Time in office Deputy Chairman of the NRCC 60px Babiker Awadalla May 1969 1971 2 years Independent Gaafar Nimeiry Sudan Presidency: The First Vice–Presidents of the Republic  Vice President 60px Abel Alier 1971 1972 1 year SF Southern Sudan First Vice President 60px Major Gen.Mohamed al-Baghir Ahmed 1972 1976 4 years Military / SSU    MajorAbuelgasim Mohamed Hashim 1976 1979 3 years Military / SSU    Lt. GeneralAbdul Majid Hamid Khalil 1979 1982 3 years Military / SSU    Major Gen.Omar Muhammad al-Tayib 1982 April 1985 3 years Military / SSU   Deputy Chairman of the Transitional Military Council  Lt. GeneralTaj el-Deen Abdallah Fadl April 1985 May 1986  Military  Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab  Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council  Abd al-Rahman Saeed 1986 1989 3 years   Ahmed al-Mirghani  Deputy Chairman of the RCCNSMajor Gen.Zubair Mohamed Salih 9 July 1989 October 1993Military / NCPOmar al-Bashir  Vice President October 1993 February 1994 First Vice President February 1994 12 February 1998  60px Ali Osman Taha 17 February 1998 9 January 2005  NCP   60px John Garang 9 January 2005 30 July 2005  SPLM Southern Sudan  60px Salva Kiir Mayardit 11 August 2005 9 July 2011  SPLM Southern Sudan  60px Ali Osman Taha 13 September 2011 6 December 2013  NCP    Bakri Hassan Saleh 7 December 2013 23 February 2019  NCP    Lt. GeneralAhmed Awad Ibn Auf 23 February 2019 11 April 2019  Military / NCP  Deputy Chairman of the Transitional Military Council  Lt. GeneralKamal Abdel-Marouf al-Mahi 11 April 2019 13 April 2019  Military  Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf 60pxLt. GeneralMohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti) 13 April 2019 20 August 2019MilitaryAbdel Fattah al-Burhan Deputy Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council 21 August 2019 25 October 2021  11 November 2021 19 May 2023  60px Malik Agar 19 May 2023 Incumbent  SPLM–N  

Second vice presidents
TitlePortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationRepresentingPresidentRefs Took office Left office Time in office Deputy Chairman of the NRCC 60px Major Gen.Khalid Hassan Abbas May 1969 1971 2 years Military Gaafar Nimeiry Sudan Presidency: Vice–Presidents of the Republic Second Vice President 60px Abel Alier 1972 1982 10 years SF Southern Sudan   Joseph Lagu 1982 April 1985 3 years SANU Southern Sudan   George Kongor Arop 14 February 1994 14 October 2000  NCP Southern SudanOmar al-Bashir   Moses Kacoul Machar 12 February 2001 January 2005   Southern Sudan  60px Ali Osman Taha 9 July 2005  13 September 2011  NCP   60px Al-Haj Adam Youssef 13 September 2011  7 December 2013  NCP Darfur   Hassabu Mohamed Abdalrahman 7 December 2013 10 September 2018  NCP South Darfur   Osman Kebir 10 September 2018 11 April 2019  NCP North Darfur 

Third vice presidents
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2|Title
! rowspan=2|Portrait
! rowspan=2|Name
! colspan=3|Term of office
! rowspan=2 colspan=2|Political affiliation
! rowspan=2 colspan=2|President
! rowspan=2|Refs
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
| rowspan=2|Third Vice President
| 60px
| Rashid Bakr
| 11 August 1976
| 10 September 1977
| 
! style="background:;" |
| SSU
! rowspan=2 style="background:;" |
| rowspan=2|Gaafar Nimeiry
| <ref>Europa World Year Book 1985, Volume II, p. 2625</ref>
|-
| 
| Major Gen.Omar Muhammad al-Tayib
| 1981
| 1982
| 1 year
! style="background:;" |
| Military / SSU
| 
|}

 Assistants and advisors to the president 
 Senior assistants to the president 
TitlePortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationRepresentingPresidentRefsTook officeLeft officeTime in officeSenior Assistant to the President80x80pxRiek Machar7 August 199731 January 2000SPLA-NasirSouthern SudanOmar al-Bashir60x60pxMinni Minnawi23 April 20076 December 2010SLM/ADarfur

 Assistants to the president 
 Nafii Ali Nafii Ahmed
 Musa Mohamed Ahmed; representing Eastern Sudan

 Advisors to the president 
 Shartai Jaafar Abdel Hakam (11 January 2012 – ????); representing West Darfur

 History of the office 
The region of Southern Sudan (currently the independent republic of South Sudan) became autonomous for the first time, within Sudan, in 1972, through the Addis Ababa Agreement, and its local government had five presidents until 1983, when the Sudanese central government revoked the autonomy. Autonomy was gained again in 2005, through the Comprehensive Peace Agreement meant to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, and the position of president of Southern Sudan was restored. Then, on 9 July 2011, South Sudan became independent and a new constitution was adopted.

 Heads of State of South Sudan (1972–present) 
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
NameLifespanElectedTook officeLeft officePolitical partyPresidents of the High Executive Council1Gordon Muortat Mayen1922–2008—9 July   19566 April 1972Independent2Joseph Lagu1931–6 April 19726 April 1972Independent3Abel Alier100x100px1933–—6 April    1972February 1978Southern Front4Joseph Lagu100x100px1931–—February 197812 July 1979Sudan African National Union5Peter Gatkuoth100x100px1938–2010—12 July 197930 May 1980Independent6Abel Alier100x100px1933–—30 May 19805 October 1981Southern Front7Gismalla Abdalla Rassas100x100px1932–2013—5 October 198123 June 1982South Sudan Liberation Movement8Joseph James Tombura100x100px1929–1992—23 June 19825 June 1983Sudan African National Union9John Garang1945–20055 June 19835 June 1984Independent10Salva Kiir Mayardit1951–5 June 19845 June 1985Independent11Malik Agar1945–5 June 19865 June 1986Independent12Peter Gadet1945–20195 June 19875 June 1987Independent13Peter Par Jiek1945–20175 June 19875 June 1988Independent14James Hoth Mai1945–5 June 19885 June 1989Independent15Dominic Dim Deng1945–20175 June 19895 June 1990Independent16Riek Machar1951–5 June 19905 June 1993Independent.Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (1972–83)Sudan People's Liberation Movement .IndependentPresidents of the Government 17John Garang100x100px1945–2005—9 July 200530 July 2005Sudan People's Liberation Movement 18Salva Kiir Mayardit132x132px1951–201011 August 20059 July 2011Sudan People's Liberation MovementPresident 18Salva Kiir Mayardit132x132px1951–—9 July 2011IncumbentSudan People's Liberation MovementNote:'' The President of South Sudan was also First Vice President of the Sudanese national government until 9 July 2011.

Vice presidents (2005–2020)
This list contains vice presidents of Southern Sudan (2005–2011, autonomous region of Sudan) and vice presidents of the Republic of South Sudan (2011–present, independent country).

Vice presidents of the Southern Sudan autonomous region (2005–2011)Colour key (for political parties): 

PortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationPresident Took office Left office Time in office 75px Salva Kiir Mayardit 9 July 2005 30 July 2005  SPLM John GarangVacant (30 July – 11 August 2005)Salva Kiir Mayardit 75px Riek Machar 11 August 2005 9 July 2011  SPLM

Vice presidents of the Republic of South Sudan (2011–2020)Colour key (for political parties): 

PortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationPresident Took office Left office Time in office 75px Riek Machar 9 July 2011 23 July 2013  SPLMSalva Kiir MayarditVacant (23 July – 25 August 2013) 75px James Wani Igga 25 August 2013 21 February 2020  SPLM

First vice presidents of the Republic of South Sudan (2016–2020)
Following the signing of the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (ARCSS) in August 2015 a new position of 'first vice president' was established alongside the pre-existing positions of President of South Sudan and Vice President of South Sudan, with the incumbents in both these positions continuing in office. Unlike the positions of president and vice president, which are permanent features of the Constitution, the office of first vice president will cease to exist following the end of the transitional period stipulated in the ARCSS unless otherwise decided in the permanent Constitution.Colour key''' (for political parties): 

PortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationPresident Took office Left office Time in office 75px Riek Machar 26 April 2016 26 July 2016  SPLM-IOSalva Kiir Mayardit 75px Taban Deng Gai 26 July 2016 21 February 2020  SPLM-IO (Juba faction)
Vice presidents in the unity government (since 2020)
The Revitalised Transitional Government of National Unity (RTGoNU) was formed in February 2020 and included five vice presidents.

PositionPortraitNameTerm of officePolitical affiliationPresident Took office Left office Time in office First 75px Riek Machar 21 February 2020 Incumbent  SPLM-IOSalva Kiir Mayardit Second 75px James Wani Igga 21 February 2020 Incumbent  SPLM Third 75px Taban Deng Gai 21 February 2020 Incumbent  SPLM-IO (Juba faction) Fourth 75px Rebecca Nyandeng Garang 21 February 2020 Incumbent  SPLM (Former Detainees faction) Fifth 75px Hussein Abdelbagi 21 February 2020 Incumbent  SSOA

 Related pages 
 List of heads of government of Sudan

 Notes 

 References 

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