Α-Ketoglutaric acid

α-Ketoglutaric acid is an organic compound that is important in the chemistry of living things. It is a type of organic acid called a dicarboxylic acid, meaning it has two carboxylic acid functional groups and can react with two equivalents of a base. It is also a α-keto acid, because one of the acid groups is right next to (called the α position in organic chemistry) a ketone carbonyl group].

α-Ketoglutaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid involved in several important biological processes. It exists primarily as its conjugate base, α-ketoglutarate, in physiological conditions, as it loses two protons to form this negatively charged molecule.

 Biological Role 
α-Ketoglutarate is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle), which is critical for cellular energy production. It plays a central role in cellular respiration, providing cells with energy.

Additionally, α-ketoglutarate is involved in amino acid metabolism, acting as a substrate or product in the synthesis of amino acids, and plays a role in regulating levels of carbon, nitrogen, and ammonia within cells. It is also essential for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, protecting cells from oxidative damage.

 Metabolic Functions 
α-Ketoglutarate is also linked to other metabolic pathways, such as:

 The synthesis of neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
 Modulating immune function by supporting the differentiation of immature T cells into mature ones.
 Regulating glucose tolerance and supporting muscle function, especially in response to resistance exercise.

 Health Implications 
Studies suggest α-ketoglutarate has a role in aging, cancer development, and the response to inflammation. It is also involved in regulating kidney function and may help in reducing muscle atrophy and obesity.

 Chemical Properties 
α-Ketoglutaric acid has the chemical formula CHO and a molar mass of 146.098 g/mol. It has a melting point of 115°C (239°F). The molecule contains two carboxylic acid groups and a ketone functional group, making it a versatile compound in both biological and chemical reactions.

 Related pages 

 Citric acid cycle
 Amino acid metabolism
 Reactive oxygen species

 References 



Category:Biochemistry
Category:Dicarboxylic acids
Category:Pentane derivatives
Category:Keto acids