Wenvoe transmitting station

The Wenvoe transmitting station, officially called Arqiva Wenvoe is a television, radio and telecommunications transmitter. It is close to the welsh village of Wenvoe in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The site is owned and managed by Arqiva. The site is estimated to serve 630 thousand homes. It was the first television transmitter in Wales.

 History 
The original 230 meters tall mast in the site was built in 1952 by the BBC. It originally only carried BBC One on 405-line VHF television. It used to broadcast on Band I channel 5. From the 15 August 1952 it used its reserve transmitters, until the 20 December 1952 when the main transmitter was started. The original mast was used until 1985, with the closure of 405-line television. 

In 1955 FM radio started broadcasting from the transmitter, with the BBC Home Service. The BBC Light Programme was added in 1956 and the Third Programme was added in 1959.

In 1963 a second, shorter 191 m mast was built next to the original structure. It was made to carry the new BBC Wales 405-line service on Band III channel 13. It began broadcasting on 9 February 1964.http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/reports/1964-29.pdf The transmitter used for this service closed in 1983.

On 12 September 1965, a 625-line black and white television service BBC2 started transmitting from Wenvoe on UHF. The transmitter used was able to broadcast in colour from the beginning and was used for unannounced colour test transmissions from that point on.

In September 1967, BBC2 officially started a colour TV service from Wenvoe. This was a few months after BBC2 Crystal Palace and others started the first regular colour TV service in the UK in July.

In 1970, the 625-line colour television was introduced for BBC1 and HTV Wales (ITV). S4C was added  in 1982 when it began broadcasting.

In 1985, after the end of 405-line television in the United Kingdom, the site was redone. This involved the removal of the two original masts. They were replaced by a new mast (which became known as Wenvoe "A"), which remains at the site to this day. Wenvoe "B" is a telecommunications mast that is placed nearby. The FM radio antennas were upgraded from the old horizontally polarised antennas to new mixed polarisation antennas. The transmitter power was also doubled.

Channel 5 launched in 1997, but was transmitted from Mendip instead of Wenvoe. It was assumed that the transmitter at Mendip would serve a good number of houses in Wenvoe's area. At the time, many houses that could receive Mendip were already pointing at it, instead of Wenvoe.

Work started on a new temporary mast that was 217.7 metres tall (called Wenoe "C") on 14 June 2006. The construction was finished in September 2006. This carried analogue signals while Wenvoe "A" was being improved and extended by 23 metres. Wenvoe "A" was given a new high-power digital antenna and a reserve antenna. New high-power digital TV transmitters were put in the buildings, which allows Wenvoe "A" to broadcast the six main digital TV multiplexes and a seventh multiplex proposed by OFCOM after analogue television signals ended in 2010.

The upgrade to Wenvoe "A" was completed in the summer of 2009 and Wenvoe "C" was removed starting in late August 2009.

Wenvoe's analogue BBC Two service was turned off on 3 March 2010. The other analogue TV services closed on 31 March 2010, marking the point where Wales had officially finished digital switchover."Wales is first UK nation to switch fully to digital TV"

 Services listed by frequency 

 Analogue television 

 15 August 1952 - 9 February 1964 
FrequencyVHFkWService66.75 MHz5V100BBC Television

 9 February 1964 - 12 September 1965 
The second mast began service and carried the BBC Wales service.
FrequencyVHFkWService66.75 MHz5V100BBC1 West214.75 MHz13V200BBC1 Wales

 12 September 1965 - April 1970 
On 12 September 1965, BBC2 started transmissions from Wenvoe. These broadcasts were done on the Ultra high frequency range instead of the Very high frequency range used by BBC1.
FrequencyVHFUHFkWService66.75 MHz5V100BBC1 West214.75 MHz13V200BBC1 Wales711.25 MHz51500BBC2 Wales

 April 1970 - 1 November 1982 
In April 1970, UHF services that broadcasted ITV and BBC1 began at Wenvoe.
FrequencyVHFUHFkWService66.75 MHz5V100BBC1 West214.75 MHz13V200BBC1 Wales631.25 MHz41500HTV Wales655.25 MHz44500BBC1 Wales711.25 MHz51500BBC2 Wales

 1 November 1982 - 4 January 1983 
On 1 November 1982, S4C started broadcasting and was carried on Wenvoe from the start.
FrequencyVHFUHFkWService66.75 MHz5V100BBC1 West214.75 MHz13V200BBC1 Wales631.25 MHz41500HTV Wales655.25 MHz44500BBC1 Wales679.25 MHz47500S4C711.25 MHz51500BBC2 Wales

 4 January 1983 - 3 January 1985 
The 405-line BBC1 Wales service was ended early."Archived Copy" The off-air relays at Abergavenny, Carmarthen and Llanelli had been closed in 1982.
FrequencyVHFUHFkWService66.75 MHz5V100BBC1 West631.25 MHz41500HTV Wales655.25 MHz44500BBC1 Wales679.25 MHz47500S4C711.25 MHz51500BBC2 Wales

 3 January 1985 - 15 November 1998 
The 405-line television system was turned off in the UK. This caused Wenvoe's TV output to be 625-line UHF only, until the start of digital television.
FrequencyUHFkWService631.25 MHz41500HTV Wales655.25 MHz44500BBC1 Wales679.25 MHz47500S4C711.25 MHz51500BBC2 Wales

 Analogue and digital television 
 15 November 1998 - 3 March 2010 
This was the first roll-out for  digital television, which used the DVB-T system. They had chosen the frequencies and power outputs for the digital channels so that it wouldn't affect the analogue television channels, but could be seen using the same aerial.
FrequencyUHFkWServiceSystem546 MHz3010BBC (Mux 1)DVB-T578 MHz345Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)DVB-T625.833 MHz40-5SDN (Mux A)DVB-T631.25 MHz41500HTV WalesPAL System I649.833 MHz43-5Arqiva (Mux C)DVB-T655.25 MHz44500BBC1 WalesPAL System I673.833 MHz46-5Arqiva (Mux D)DVB-T679.25 MHz47500S4CPAL System I705.833 MHz50-5BBC (Mux B)DVB-T711.25 MHz51500BBC2 WalesPAL System I

 3 March 2010 - 31 March 2010 
As part of digital switchover, BBC2 Wales' analogue service shut down.
FrequencyUHFkWServiceSystem546 MHz305Arqiva (Mux C)DVB-T578 MHz345Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)DVB-T625.833 MHz40-5SDN (Mux A)DVB-T634.166 MHz41+100BBC ADVB-T655.25 MHz44500BBC1 WalesPAL System I673.833 MHz46-5Arqiva (Mux D)DVB-T679.25 MHz47500S4CPAL System I705.833 MHz50-5BBC (Mux B)DVB-T711.25 MHz51500HTV WalesPAL System I

 Digital television 
 31 March 2010 - 27 April 2011 
The remaining analogue services were stopped after 40 years. The low power digital multiplexes (apart from Arqiva A and SDN) were upgraded to full power multiplexes.
FrequencyUHFkWOperator546 MHz3010Arqiva A634.166 MHz41+100BBC A658 MHz44100Digital 3&4682 MHz47100BBC B698 MHz4950Arqiva B714 MHz5110SDN

 27 April 2011 - 23 January 2013 
The  digital switchover at Wenvoe needed a third phase (special from other transmitters that only needed 2) so UHF channels 42 and 45 could be cleared at the nearby Ridge Hill. After the channels were cleared, Arqiva A and SDN were moved into the group with an increase in transmitter power.
FrequencyUHFkWOperator634.166 MHz41+100BBC A642.166 MHz42+50SDN658 MHz44100Digital 3&4666 MHz4550Arqiva A682 MHz47100BBC B698 MHz4950Arqiva B

 23 January 2013 - 10 December 2013 
FrequencyUHFkWOperator618 MHz3950Arqiva B634.166 MHz41+100BBC A642.166 MHz42+50SDN658 MHz44100Digital 3&4666 MHz4550Arqiva A682 MHz47100BBC B

 10 December 2013 - 24 June 2020 
After changes made to the 700 MHz Band on 15 May and 6 June, the Arqiva COM7 multiplex is transmitted on UHF Channel 55 and the COM8 multiplex is transmitted on UHF Channel 56. These multiplexes carry more HD channels. The Local TV multipex started tests on Channel 37 around 1 December 2013.
FrequencyUHFkWOperatorSystem602 MHz3710Local TVDVB-T618 MHz3950Arqiva BDVB-T634.166 MHz41+100BBC ADVB-T642.166 MHz42+50SDNDVB-T658 MHz44100Digital 3&4DVB-T666 MHz4550Arqiva ADVB-T682 MHz47100BBC B DVB-T2746 MHz5540.7COM7DVB-T2754 MHz5640.7COM8DVB-T2

 25 June 2020 - Present 
After changes made to the 700 MHz Band, on 22 June 2020, the Arqiva COM8 multiplex was turned off forever.
FrequencyUHFkWOperatorSystem602 MHz3710Local TVDVB-T618 MHz3950Arqiva BDVB-T634.166 MHz41+100BBC ADVB-T642.166 MHz42+50SDNDVB-T658 MHz44100Digital 3&4DVB-T666 MHz4550Arqiva ADVB-T682 MHz47100BBC B DVB-T2746 MHz5540.7COM7DVB-T2

 References 

Category:British television