Rail transport in Romania

The first railway in the Kingdom of Romania opened in 1869. It was between Bucharest and Giurgiu. The first  electric railway opened in 1854, between Oravița and Baziaș in Banat, next to the border with Serbia.

Since then, the Romanian railway network has been significantly expanded, and is now the fourth largest in Europe by total track length, comprising . Of these, some  are electrified. The route length is . Romania's railway system is  the worst railway systems in Europe.  Most of it needs to be renewed.Secretariat of the European Parliament, Directorates-General, Romania's general transport master plan and rail system, retrieved on 17 December 2018. Archived at the Wayback machine Duta, Luminița. Computer-Based Decision Support for Railroad Transportation Systems: an Investment Case Study, Research Gate, retrieved on 17 December 2018. Archived at the wayback machine. Barbu, Paul. Romania ranks last in the EU in terms of railway quality, Romania Business Review, retrieved on 9 June 2019. Archived at the wayback machine. Newsroom. Featured - "Railway reform": Destroy half of the national railroad network and fire 10,000 people, Romania Business Review, retrieved on 9 June 2019. Archived at the wayback machine.

Romania is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Romania is 53.

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