List of United States senators from Alabama

Alabama was allowed to the Union on December 14, 1819. The state elects U.S. senators to class 2 and class 3. Its United States Senate seats were formally said to be open from March 1861 to July 1868 due to it leaving the Union during the American Civil War. Richard Shelby is Alabama's longest serving senator (served 1987–2023). Alabama's current U.S. senators are Republicans Tommy Tuberville (since 2021) and Katie Britt (since 2023).

List of senators

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=21 | 1
| rowspan=21 align=left | 100pxWilliam R. King
| rowspan=4  | Democratic-Republican
| rowspan=21 nowrap | Dec 14, 1819 –Apr 15, 1844
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1819.
| rowspan=3 | 1
| 
| rowspan=4 | 1
| rowspan=2 | Elected in 1819.Left office.
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Dec 14, 1819 –Dec 12, 1822
| rowspan=2  | Democratic-Republican
| rowspan=2 align=right | 100pxJohn Williams Walker
! rowspan=2 | 1

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 | Elected to finish Walker's term.Retired.
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Dec 12, 1822 –Mar 3, 1825
| rowspan=2  | Democratic-Republican
| align=right rowspan=2 | William Kelly
! rowspan=2 | 2

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=6 | Re-elected in 1822.
| rowspan=6 | 2
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=9  | Jacksonian
| rowspan=4 
| rowspan=6 | 2
| Elected in 1824 or 1825.Died.
| nowrap | Mar 4, 1825 –Jan 24, 1826
|  | Jacksonian
| align=right | 100pxHenry H. Chambers
! 3

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| nowrap | Jan 24, 1826 –Feb 17, 1826
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| Made a senator to continue Chambers's term.Successor elected.
| nowrap | Feb 17, 1826 –Nov 27, 1826
|  | Jacksonian
| align=right | 100pxIsrael Pickens
! 4

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Elected to finish Chambers's term.Lost re-election.
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Nov 27, 1826 –Mar 3, 1831
| rowspan=3  | Jacksonian
| rowspan=3 align=right | 100pxJohn McKinley
! rowspan=3 | 5

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1828.
| rowspan=3 | 3
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 3
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1831.Lost re-election.
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Mar 4, 1831 –Mar 3, 1837
|  | Jacksonian
| rowspan=3 align=right | 100pxGabriel Moore
! rowspan=3 | 6

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=2  | NationalRepublican

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1834.
| rowspan=5 | 4
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=8  | Democratic
| rowspan=3 
| rowspan=7 | 4
| Elected in 1837.Left office to become a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
| nowrap | Mar 4, 1837 –Apr 22, 1837
|  | Democratic
| align=right | 100pxJohn McKinley
! 7

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| nowrap | Apr 22, 1837 –Jun 19, 1837
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Elected to finish McKinley's term.Left office.
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Jun 19, 1837 –Nov 15, 1841
| rowspan=3  | Democratic
| rowspan=3 align=right | 100pxClement Comer Clay
! rowspan=3 | 8

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=4 | Re-elected in 1840.Left office to become U.S. Minister to France.
| rowspan=7 | 5
| rowspan=3 

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| Nov 15, 1841 –Nov 24, 1841
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| Elected to finish Clay's term.
| rowspan=6 nowrap | Nov 24, 1841 –Jun 16, 1848
| rowspan=6  | Democratic
| rowspan=6 align=right | 100pxArthur P. Bagby
! rowspan=6 | 9

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 
| rowspan=9 | 5
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1842.Left office to become U.S. Minister to Russia.

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Open seat
| nowrap | Apr 15, 1844 –Apr 22, 1844
|  

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=5 | 2
| rowspan=5 align=left | 100pxDixon Hall Lewis
| rowspan=5  | Democratic
| rowspan=5 nowrap | Apr 22, 1844 –Oct 24, 1848
| rowspan=2 | Made a senator to finish King's term.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1847.Died.
| rowspan=10 | 6
| rowspan=5 

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| nowrap | Jun 16, 1848 –Jul 1, 1848
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Made a senator to continue Bagby's term.Elected to finish Bagby's term.
| rowspan=6 nowrap | Jul 1, 1848 –Dec 20, 1852
| rowspan=6  | Democratic
| rowspan=6 align=right | 100pxWilliam R. King
! rowspan=6 | 10

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Open seat
| nowrap | Oct 24, 1848 –Nov 25, 1848
|  

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=2 | 3
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100pxBenjamin Fitzpatrick
| rowspan=2  | Democratic
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Nov 25, 1848 –Nov 30, 1849
| rowspan=2 | Elected to continue Lewis's term.Successor elected.

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 
| rowspan=7 | 6
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1848 or 1849.Left office due to poor health.

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=4 | 4
| rowspan=4 align=left | 100pxJeremiah Clemens
| rowspan=4  | Democratic
| rowspan=4 nowrap | Nov 30, 1849 –Mar 3, 1853
| rowspan=4 | Elected to finish Lewis's term.Lost re-election.

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| nowrap | Dec 20, 1852 –Jan 14, 1853
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Made a senator to continue King's term.Elected in 1853 to finish King's term.
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Jan 14, 1853 –Mar 3, 1855
| rowspan=3  | Democratic
| rowspan=3 align=right | 100pxBenjamin Fitzpatrick
! rowspan=7 | 11

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Open seat
| nowrap | Mar 4, 1853 –Nov 29, 1853
| Law makers failed to elect.
| rowspan=5 | 7
| rowspan=2 

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=5 | 5
| rowspan=5 align=left | 100pxClement Claiborne Clay
| rowspan=5  | Democratic
| rowspan=5 nowrap | Nov 29, 1853 –Jan 21, 1861
| rowspan=4 | Elected late in 1853.

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 
| rowspan=5 | 7
| Legislature failed to elect.
| nowrap | Mar 4, 1855 –Nov 26, 1855
| colspan=2 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Elected late.Withdrew.
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Nov 26, 1855 –Jan 21, 1861
| rowspan=3  | Democratic
| rowspan=3 align=right | 100pxBenjamin Fitzpatrick

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| Re-elected in 1858.Withdrew.
| rowspan=4 | 8
| rowspan=2 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 colspan=3 | Open seat
| rowspan=5 nowrap | Jan 21, 1861 –Jul 13, 1868
| rowspan=5 valign=center | Civil War and Reconstruction
| rowspan=5 valign=center | Civil War and Reconstruction
| rowspan=5 nowrap | Jan 21, 1861 –Jul 13, 1868
| rowspan=5 colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 8

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=4 | 9
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 
| rowspan=4 | 9

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=2 | 6
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100pxWillard Warner
| rowspan=2  | Republican
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Jul 13, 1868 –Mar 3, 1871
| rowspan=2 | Elected in 1868 to fill open seat.Lost re-election.
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1868 to fill open seat.
| rowspan=6 nowrap | Jul 13, 1868 –Mar 3, 1879
| rowspan=6  | Republican
| rowspan=6 align=right | 100pxGeorge E. Spencer
! rowspan=6 | 12

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=3 | 7
| rowspan=3 align=left | 100pxGeorge Goldthwaite
| rowspan=3  | Democratic
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Mar 4, 1871 –Mar 3, 1877
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1870.Retired.
| rowspan=3 | 10
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 10
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1872.Retired.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=19 | 8
| rowspan=19 align=left | 100pxJohn T. Morgan
| rowspan=19  | Democratic
| rowspan=19 nowrap | Mar 4, 1877 –Jun 11, 1907
| rowspan=6 | Elected in 1876.
| rowspan=6 | 11
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=4 
| rowspan=6 | 11
| Elected in 1878.Died.
| nowrap | Mar 4, 1879 –Dec 31, 1879
|  | Democratic
| align=right | 100pxGeorge S. Houston
! 13

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| nowrap | Dec 31, 1879 –Jan 7, 1880
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| Made a senator to continue Houston's term.Successor qualified.
| nowrap | Jan 7, 1880 –Nov 23, 1880
|  | Democratic
| align=right | 100pxLuke Pryor
! 14

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Elected to finish Houston's term.
| rowspan=9 nowrap | Nov 24, 1880 –Mar 3, 1897
| rowspan=9  | Democratic
| rowspan=9 align=right | 100pxJames L. Pugh
! rowspan=9 | 15

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1882.
| rowspan=3 | 12
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 12
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1884.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1888.
| rowspan=3 | 13
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 13
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1890.Lost re-election.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1894.
| rowspan=3 | 14
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 14
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1897.

| rowspan=8 nowrap | Mar 4, 1897 –Jul 27, 1907
| rowspan=8  | Democratic
| rowspan=8 align=right | 100pxEdmund Pettus
! rowspan=8 | 16

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1900.
| rowspan=3 | 15
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=7 | 15
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1903.Re-elected early in 1907, but died.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| Re-elected in 1907.Died.
| rowspan=7 | 16
| rowspan=5 

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Open seat
| Jun 11, 1907 –Jun 18, 1907
|  

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=11 | 9
| rowspan=11 align=left | 100pxJohn H. Bankhead
| rowspan=11  | Democratic
| rowspan=11 nowrap | Jun 18, 1907 –Mar 1, 1920
| rowspan=5 | Made a senator to continue Morgan's term.Elected in 1907 to finish Morgan's term.

|- style="height:2em"
|  
| Jul 27, 1907 –Aug 6, 1907
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| Elected to finish Pettus's term.
| rowspan=4 nowrap | Aug 6, 1907 –Aug 8, 1913
| rowspan=4  | Democratic
| rowspan=4 align=right | 100pxJoseph F. Johnston
! rowspan=4 | 17

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=5 | 16
| rowspan=3 | Elected in to next term.Died.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected early January 17, 1911.
| rowspan=5 | 17
| rowspan=3 

|- style="height:2em"
| Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr. (D) was made a senator in 1913 to continue the term, but his designation was debated and withdrawn.Franklin Potts Glass Sr. (D) was later made a senator to continue the term, but the Senate refused to seat him.
| Aug 8, 1913 –May 11, 1914
| colspan=3 | Open seat

|- style="height:2em"
| Elected to finish Johnston's term.Retired.
| May 11, 1914 –Mar 3, 1915
|  | Democratic
| align=right | 100pxFrancis S. White
! 18

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=6 | 17
| rowspan=6 | Elected in 1914.
| rowspan=9 nowrap | Mar 4, 1915 –Mar 3, 1927
| rowspan=9  | Democratic
| rowspan=9 align=right | 100pxOscar Underwood
! rowspan=9 | 19

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| Re-elected in 1918.Died.
| rowspan=6 | 18
| rowspan=4 

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Open seat
| Mar 1, 1920 –Mar 5, 1920
|  

|- style="height:2em"
! 10
| align=left | 100pxB. B. Comer
|  | Democratic
| Mar 5, 1920 –Nov 2, 1920
| Made a senator to continue Bankhead's term.Successor elected.

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=6 | 11
| rowspan=6 align=left | 100pxJ. Thomas Heflin
| rowspan=6  | Democratic
| rowspan=6 nowrap | Nov 3, 1920 –Mar 3, 1931
| rowspan=3 | Elected to finish Bankhead's term.

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 18
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1920.Retired.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 |Re-elected in 1924.Disqualified.
| rowspan=3 | 19
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 19
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1926.
| rowspan=6 nowrap | Mar 4, 1927 –Aug 19, 1937
| rowspan=6  | Democratic
| rowspan=6 align=right | 100pxHugo Black
! rowspan=6 | 20

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=10 | 12
| rowspan=10 align=left | 100pxJohn H. Bankhead II
| rowspan=10  | Democratic
| rowspan=10 nowrap | Mar 4, 1931 –Jun 12, 1946
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1930.
| rowspan=3 | 20
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=5 | 20
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1932.Resigned to become a Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1936.
| rowspan=5 | 21
| rowspan=3 

|- style="height:2em"
| Made a senator by her husband to finish Black's term.Resigned when her successor won the Democratic primary.
| Aug 20, 1937 –Jan 10, 1938
|  | Democratic
| align=right | 100pxDixie Bibb Graves
! 21

|- style="height:2em"
| Made a senator to continue Graves's term.Elected in 1938 to finish Black's term.
| rowspan=20 nowrap | Jan 11, 1938 –Jan 3, 1969
| rowspan=20  | Democratic
| rowspan=20 align=right | 100pxJ. Lister Hill
! rowspan=20 | 22

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=7 | 21
| rowspan=7 | Re-elected in 1938.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 | Re-elected in 1942.Died.
| rowspan=7 | 22
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 

|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=3 | Open seat
| Jun 12, 1946 –Jun 15, 1946
|  

|- style="height:2em"
! 13
| align=left | 100pxGeorge R. Swift
|  | Democratic
| Jun 15, 1946 –Nov 5, 1946
| Made a senator to continue Bankhead's term.Successor elected.

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=20 | 14
| rowspan=20 align=left | 100pxJohn Sparkman
| rowspan=20  | Democratic
| rowspan=20 nowrap | Nov 6, 1946 –Jan 3, 1979
| rowspan=3 | Elected to finish Bankhead's term.

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | 22
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1944.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1948.
| rowspan=3 | 23
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 23
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1950.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1954.
| rowspan=3 | 24
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 24
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1956.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1960.
| rowspan=3 | 25
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 25
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1962.Retired.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1966.
| rowspan=3 | 26
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 26
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1968.
| rowspan=5 nowrap | Jan 3, 1969 –Jun 1, 1978
| rowspan=5  | Democratic
| rowspan=5 align=right | 100pxJames Allen
! rowspan=5 | 23

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 1972.Retired.
| rowspan=5 | 27
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=6 | 27
| rowspan=2 | Re-elected in 1974.Died.

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 

|- style="height:2em"
| Made a senator to continue her husband's term.Lost election to finish her husband's term.
| Jun 8, 1978 –Nov 7, 1978
|  | Democratic
| align=right | 100pxMaryon Pittman Allen
! 24

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 | Elected to finish James Allen's term.Lost re-election; resigned one day early to give his successor better seniority.
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Nov 7, 1978 –Jan 2, 1981
| rowspan=2  | Democratic
| rowspan=2 align=right | 100pxDonald Stewart
! rowspan=2 | 25

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=11 | 15
| rowspan=11 align=left | 100pxHowell Heflin
| rowspan=11  | Democratic
| rowspan=11 nowrap | Jan 3, 1979 –Jan 3, 1997
| rowspan=4 | Elected in 1978.
| rowspan=4 | 28
| rowspan=2 

|- style="height:2em"
| Made a senator to finish Allen's term, having already been elected to the next term.
| rowspan=4 nowrap | Jan 2, 1981 –Jan 3, 1987
| rowspan=4  | Republican
| rowspan=4 align=right | 100pxJeremiah Denton
! rowspan=4 | 26

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 28
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1980.Lost re-election.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1984.
| rowspan=3 | 29
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 29
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1986.
| rowspan=21 | Jan 3, 1987 –Jan 3, 2023
| rowspan=4  | Democratic
| rowspan=21 align=right | 100pxRichard Shelby
! rowspan=21 | 27

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=4 | Re-elected in 1990.Retired.
| rowspan=4 | 30
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 
| rowspan=4 | 30
| rowspan=4 | Re-elected in 1992.Changed parties in 1994.

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=17  | Republican

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=11 | 16
| rowspan=11 align=left | 100pxJeff Sessions
| rowspan=11  | Republican
| rowspan=11 nowrap | Jan 3, 1997 –Feb 8, 2017
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 1996.
| rowspan=3 | 31
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 31
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 1998.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 2002.
| rowspan=3 | 32
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 32
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 2004.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 2008.
| rowspan=3 | 33
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3 | 33
| rowspan=3 | Re-elected in 2010.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 | Re-elected in 2014.Left office to become U.S. Attorney General.
| rowspan=5 | 34
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 
| rowspan=5 | 34
| rowspan=5 | Re-elected in 2016.Retired.

|- style="height:2em"
! 17
| align=left | 100pxLuther Strange
|  | Republican
| nowrap | Feb 9, 2017 –Jan 3, 2018
| Made a senator to continue Sessions's term.Lost voting to finish Sessions's term.

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=2 | 18
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100px Doug Jones
| rowspan=2  | Democratic
| rowspan=2 nowrap | Jan 3, 2018 –Jan 3, 2021
| rowspan=2 | Elected in 2017 to finish Sessions's term.Lost re-election.

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
! rowspan=3 | 19
| rowspan=3 align=left | 100px Tommy Tuberville
| rowspan=3  | Republican
| rowspan=3 nowrap | Jan 3, 2021 –present
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 2020.
| rowspan=3 | 35
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| rowspan=3| 35
| rowspan=3 | Elected in 2022.
| rowspan=3| Jan 3, 2023 – present
| rowspan=3  | Republican
| rowspan=3 align=right | 100px Katie Britt
! rowspan=3| 28

|- style="height:2em"
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 colspan=5 | To be voted on in the 2026 election.
| rowspan=2| 36
| 

|- style="height:2em"
| 
| 36
| colspan=5 | To be voted on in the 2028 election.

Related pages
List of United States representatives from Alabama
United States congressional delegations from Alabama

 Notes 

 References 

 Other websites 



Alabama