Voiceless alveolar trill

The voiceless alveolar trill differs from the voiced alveolar trill  in its phonation (whether or not the vocal chords are vibrating while pronouncing the sound). It is used in a few languages. In languages that also have the voiced alveolar trill, it can be a similar sound or an allophone (another way a certain sound can be pronounced).

In Proto-Indo-European, the sound *sr became a sound spelled , with the letter for  and the diacritic for , in Ancient Greek. This sound was probably a voiceless alveolar trill. It became the regular word-initial (meaning "at the start of a word") allophone of  in standard Attic Greek. This sound has disappeared in Modern Greek.

Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar trill:

Examples
Alveolar
 Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Dharumbal   'stone' Contrasts with . Estonian   Word-final allophone of  after . See Estonian phonology Icelandic   'raven' Contrasts with . For some speakers it may actually be a voiceless flap. See Icelandic phonology. Lezgian /krčar  'horns' Allophone of  between voiceless obstruents. Limburgish Hasselt dialect   'odour' Possible word-final (meaning "at the end of a word") allophone of . It may be uvular  instead. does not say this directly. However, he uses the symbol  for many instances of the word-final . Moksha нархне/närhn'e  'these grasses' Contrasts with : нарня  "short grass". It has the palatalized counterpart : марьхне  "these apples", but марьня  "little apple" Nivkh Amur dialect р̌ы/řy  'door' Contrasts with . In the Sakhalin dialect, typically fricated .Northern Qiang  Contrasts with  Polish   'larynx' Allophone of  when surrounded by voiceless consonants, or word finally after voiceless consonants. See Polish phonology. Ukrainian /centr  'centre' Word-final allophone of  after . See Ukrainian phonology. Welsh   'December' Contrasts with . See Welsh phonology. Zapotec Quiegolani   'early' Allophone of .

Voiceless alveolar fricative trill

The voiceless alveolar fricative trill is not known to be a sound in any language, except maybe the East Sakhalin dialect of Nivkh. However, it is an allophone (another way of pronouncing a specific sound) in Czech.

Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar fricative trill:

Its manner of articulation (how the sound is pronounced) is fricative trill, which means it is a non-sibilant fricative and a trill pronounced at the same time.

Examples
 Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Czech   'three hundred' Allophone of  after voiceless consonants. This may be a tapped fricative instead. See Czech phonology Norwegian Areas around Narvik   'Norwegian' Allophone of the sequence  before voiceless consonants.  Some subdialects of Trøndersk Nivkh (East) Sakhalin dialect р̌ы  'door' Contrasts with . In the Amur dialect, typically realized (pronounced) as . Polish Some dialects   'to come' Allophone of  after voiceless consonants for speakers that do not merge it with . Present in areas from Starogard Gdański to Malbork and those south, west and northwest of them, the area from Lubawa to Olsztyn to Olecko to Działdowo, south and east from Wieleń, around Wołomin, southeast from Ostrów Mazowiecka and west from Siedlce, from Brzeg to Opole and those north of them, and roughly from Racibórz to Nowy Targ. Most speakers, including speakers of standard Polish, pronounce it the same as . Speakers which make a difference between these sounds (usually older speakers) sometimes pronounce it the same way as well. Silesian Gmina Istebna     Allophone of  after voiceless consonants. It is pronounced the same as  in most Polish dialects. Jablunkov     

Related pages
Index of phonetics articles

Notes

References



Category:Consonants