President of Somalia

The president of Somalia () is the head of state of Somalia. The President is also commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The president represents the Federal Republic of Somalia.*Provisional Constitution (adopted August 1, 2012) 

The office of President of Somalia was created with the proclamation of the Republic of Somalia on 1 July 1960. The first president of Somalia was Aden Abdullah Osman Daar.The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, Greystone Press: 1967, p. 338 
History
The first president of Somalia was Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, one of the leaders of the Somali Youth League (SYL), who took office on 1 July 1960, the day on which Somalia was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by seven further people: Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Mohamed Siad Barre, Ali Mahdi, Abdiqasim Salad, Abdullahi Yusuf, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, and Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. In addition, Sheikh Mukhtar acted as president between Shemarke's assassination and the coup d'état, and Aden Madoobe acted as president after Yusuf's resignation in the 2008.

Sharif Sheikh Ahmed took office on 31 January 2009, after being elected by the presidential election held in January 2009. Ahmed's term as President of Somalia officially ended In August 2012, concurrent with the conclusion of the transitional federal government's mandate and the start of the federal government of Somalia. He was succeeded in office by General Muse Hassan, who had been serving in an interim capacity.

President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud took office on 16 September 2012, after being elected by the presidential election held on 10 September 2012.

Duties and responsibilities
An outline of the duties are as follow:
 Appoint the prime minister,
 Serve as Commander-in-Chief of the Somali Armed Forces;
 Declare a state of emergency and war in accordance with the law,
 Appoint and dismiss the commanders of the forces at the federal government level on the recommendation by the Council of Ministers;
 Dismiss ministers, state ministers and deputy ministers on the recommendation of the prime minister;
 Sign draft laws passed by the federal Parliament in order to bring them into law;
 Open the House of the People of the Federal Parliament;
 Hold an annual session with the House of the People of the Federal Parliament;
 Appoint the chairman of the Constitutional Court, the High Court, and other judges at the federal government level in accordance with the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission;
 Appoint senior federal government officials and the heads of the federal government institutions on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers;
 Appoint ambassadors and high commissions on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers;
 Receive foreign diplomats and consuls;
 Confer state honours on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers;
 Dissolve the House of the People of the Federal Parliament when its term expires, thereby prompting new elections;
 Pardon offenders and commute sentences on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission; and
 Sign international treaties proposed by the Council of Ministers and approved by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.

List
Name Portrait Birth–Death Elected Took office Left office Political party 25px • Somali Republic (1960–1969) • 20px 1 Aden Adde frameless|upright=0.4 1908–2007 1960 1 July 1960 10 June 1967  SYL 2 Abdirashid Shermarke frameless|upright=0.4 1919–1969 1967 10 June 1967 15 October 1969 SYL — Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein frameless|upright=0.4 1912–2012 — 15 October 1969 21 October 1969 SYL 25px • Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991) • 20px3 Siad BarreAlso styled as President of Supreme Revolutionary Council frameless|upright=0.4 1919–1995 19801986 21 October 1969  26 January 1991 Military /  SRSP 25px • Interim Government of Somalia (1991–1997) • 20px4 Ali Mahdi Muhammad  1939– 1991 27 January 1991 3 January 1997 USC5Mohamed Farrah Aidid1934— 19963 January 19951 August 1996Independent6Hussein Farrah Aidid1962 —1 August 199620 March 1998Independent—Somali National Alliance—20 March 19982000Co-Chairmen of National Salvation Council—Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council—200027 August 2000Independent 25px • Transitional National Government of Somalia (2000–2004) • 20px7Mohamed Abshir Muse1926 – 201713 August  200022 August  2000Independent8Abdallah Isaaq Deerow1950–200622 August  200027 August 2000Independent9Abdiqasim Saladframeless|upright=0.4 1941– 2000 27 August 2000 1 July 2003 Independent10Abdinur Darman1953–1 July 200314 October 2003Independent9Abdiqasim Salad1941–14 October 200314 October 2004Independent 25px • Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (2004–2012) • 20px11 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed  1934–2012 2004 14 October 2004 29 December 2008 Independent12Sharif Sheikh Ahmed1964–5 June 200629June  2006Islamic Courts Union13Hassan Dahir Aweys1935—29 June  200629 December 2006Islamic Courts Union 14Aden Madobeframeless|upright=0.4 1957– — 29 December 2008 31 January 2009RRA 12Sharif Sheikh Ahmedframeless|upright=0.4 1964–2009 31 January 2009 20 August 2012ARS 25px • Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) • 20px15 Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle frameless|upright=0.4 1939– —  20 August 2012 28 August 2012 Independent 16 Mohamed Osman Jawari frameless|upright=0.4 1945– —  28 August 2012 16 September 2012 Independent 17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud frameless|upright=0.4 1955– 2012 16 September 2012 16 February 2017 PDP 18 Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed frameless|upright=0.4 1962– 2017 16 February 2017 16 February 2021 TPP 17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud frameless|upright=0.4 1955– 2021 16 February 2021 16 February 2022 PDP 17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud frameless|upright=0.4 1955– 2022 16 February 2022 6 June 2022 PDP — H.E.Sadia Haji Samatar  1955–  6 June 2022 28 August 2022 PDP 17 Hassan Sheikh Mohamud frameless|upright=0.4 1955– — 28 August 2022 Incumbent PDP

Living former presidents
As of , there are three living former presidents of Somalia, as seen below.

The most recent president to die was Ali Mahdi Muhammad (served 1991–1997), on 10 March 2021, at the age of 82.

References