Jimi system

The Jimi system () is a way to organize the government to rule over far-away foreign lands. It uses barbarians to rule over barbarians or the people you conquered to rule over the people you conquered. 

It was used in China between the 7th century and 10th century.Liu, p. 51-55 It was used during the Tang Dynasty from 650s-740s.Liu, p. 48-49 It was also used in the Song, Mongol Yuan, Ming dynasties. But then it was also called the Tusi system (). It ended around 1726. Then the Qing dynasty created a new system.Zhang, p. 63-67, 108-113

 Origin of term 
The term "Jimi" was first seen in the annotation of Shiji quoted by Sima Zhen in a book from the Eastern Han era. It means that a man uses a reign to lead a horse.Yuan et al., p. 101 

Jimi roughly translates as "loose reigns". It was an indirect way to rule over people.

It is also known as Jimi fuzhou () or the loose-control administrative units, they were not commonly confused with Zhengzhou () or the regular administrative units.

 What is it? 
China back then often conquered foreign lands. For example when China would conquer barbarians in the north, it would gain a lot of land. How does China govern so much land? They needed a way to govern these foreigners (or "barbarians"). 

China tells one of the barbarians they conquered to rule over the land for them. That ruler would have to follow orders from China, pay money, and help with China's military. This is Jimi. 

The jimi ruler would received instructions from the central authorities in China. They would pass their power to their first sons.Liu, p. 17–23 

Each year they would pay money to China (tribute).Zhang, p. 63-67, 108-113 They helped with China's military.Liu, p. 38–43, 56–59Liu, p. 8

There were three levels: the command (, like the central government), prefecture (, like a state) and county (). Together these were known as jimi fuzhou.

 Examples 
The Tang conquered the Gokturks and made two jimi governments (duhufu 都護府) in 658. They were around the Tarbagatai Mountains and Lake Balkhash.Liu, p. 18, 120-123Tian, p. 508 Sometimes the term was applied to military camps created within Tang China.

 Notes 

 References 
 Zhou, Weiyan, "Jimizhou" . Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.
 Yuan, Bolan, Min, Shenglan and Huang, Li. "Tang Song Minzu Zhengce Jimi Wenti Zhi Bijiao Yanjiu" ("Ethnic Policy of the Tang and Song Dynasties, A Comparative Study on the Question  of Jimi") . Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities. 2004.5. ISSN 1001-5140.
 Liu, Tong (1998). The Study of Tang Dynasty's Jimifuzhou. Xi'an: Northwest University Press. .
 Tian, Suisheng et al. (1994). A Comprehensive Knowledge of Local Government. Beijing: China's Archives Press. .
 Zhang, Youjun et al. (1992). General Discussion of Ethnic Policy in China. Nanming: Guangxi Education Press. .

 Other websites 
 The Tang Dynasty's Domination Strategy towards the Korean Peninsula in the Mid-7th Century

Category:History of China