List of scientists from Europe

This is a list of scientists from Europe.

Albania

Bashkim Fino, was prime minister; economist; He died in 2021.
Rexhep Meidani, former president of Albania; physicist; b. 1944

Austria

Sigmund Freud, pioneer of psychoanalysis; neurologist, psychologisthttps://snl.no/Sigmund_Freud. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022
Karl Landsteiner, discovered that there are different types of human blood; had a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; d. 1943
Lise Meitner, Austrian-Swedish, helped discover nuclear fission; physicist d. 1968https://snl.no/Lise_Meitner. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved April 10, 2022
Erwin Schrödinger, thought of the Schrödinger equation; physicist; d. 1961https://snl.no/schr%C3%B6dingerligningen. Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 2023-03-10

Azerbaijan 

Vafa Guluzade - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the political scientist died in 2015.

Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. 2017

Belarus
Barys Kit, he was author of the first book on rocket propellantKit, Boris and Evered, Douglas S., Rocket Propellant Handbook, 1st ed., The Macmillan Company, New York, 1960. 
Lev Vygotsky, credited for starting the concept, zone of proximal development, or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do;Zone of proximal development. (2009). In Penguin dictionary of psychology. Retrieved from Credo Reference databaseStanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In Encyclopedia of anthropology. Retrieved from Credo Reference Database Psychology; died in 1934

Belgium
Pages appear in :Category:Belgian scientists

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pages appear in :Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina scientists
Alojz Benac - became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Archeology; died in 1992.
Smilja Mučibabić, she was a biologist

Bulgaria

Lyubomir Ivanov, got the award, Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.;The Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize for 1987 Linguistics, Mathematics

Croatia
Pages appear in :Category:Croatian scientists
Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović, former cabinet member; economist
Slaven Letica, was member of parliament; economist
Miroslav Tuđman, information scientist
Roger Joseph Boscovich, maker of a precursor of atomic theory; made the first geometric procedure for finding out the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the Moon; he was from a city in what later became Croatia; died in 1787

 Czechia 
Pages appear in :Category:Czech scientists
Gerty Cori, Czech-American; she had a Nobel Prize; biochemist
Milan Nakonečný, mathematician

Denmark
Pages appear in :Category:Danish scientists
Tycho Brahe, he discovered (before the invention of telescopes) that the universe outside the Solar System could change when he studied a supernova and a comet; astronomer
Niels Bohr, physicist, d. 1962

 Estonia 
Pages appear in :Category:Estonian scientists

Karl Ernst von Baer, Embryology (within Biology); died in 1876
Madis Kõiv - he got the award, the  Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014
Jaak Panksepp, he was an Estonian-American neuroscientist, psychobiologist; pioneer of the term "affective neuroscience", the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion.

Finland
Pages appear in :Category:Finnish scientists
Linus Torvalds, famous for his operating system Linux; computer scientist

France
Pages appear in :Category:French scientists
Irène Joliot-Curie
 Sophie Germain
Blaise Pascal, he was the creator of Pascal's Triangle

 Georgia 
Pages appear in :Category:Scientists from Georgia (country)
Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze, Tbilisi State UniversityHome Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze (2015-07-05 not accessible) was a member of the Parliament of Georgia;  assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
Jamshid Giunashviliფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე  (in Georgian) - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017
Giorgi Maisashvili, was presidential candidate, economist
Ghia Nodia, minister of education and science; political scientist

Germany

Alexander von Humboldt, geographer, botanist d. 1859
Max Planck, physicist, d. 1947
Martin Heidegger, philosopher, d. 1976

Great Britain
Pages appear in :Category:British scientists
John Law, Scottish economist, writer; Controller General of Finances under the Duke of Orleans, who was regent for Louis XV of France
Meave Leakey, anthropologist
James Mirrlees, Scottish, won a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences

Greece
Pages appear in :Category:Greek scientists
Yanis Varoufakis, finance minister; economist

 Eratosthenes
 Euclid
 Pythagoras

Hungary
Pages appear in :Category:Hungarian scientists
János Bolyai, mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry — a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines; died in 1860
John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist; he had an Enrico Fermi Award

Ireland
Pages appear in :Category:Irish scientists
Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish, known for Boyle's law; physicist, chemist

Italy
Pages appear in :Category:Italian scientists
 Gerolamo Cardano, he invented - partially - the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft; died in 1576
Enrico Fermi, Italian-American, was creator of the first nuclear reactor; physicist
Rita Levi-Montalcini, she had the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; neurologist

Kosovo
Idriz Ajeti (the first chief of Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts)

Latvia
Pages appear in :Category:Latvian scientists
Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds, discovered Freivalds' algorithm for checking the correctness of matrix products; Theoretical computer science; died in 2016
Wilhelm Ostwald, Latvian-German; he had a Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Lithuania
Gitanas Nausėda, president, economist
Vyda Ragulskienė, was the first woman to become Dr.habil. of technical sciences in Lithuania
Ingrida Šimonytė, prime minister, economist

Luxembourg
Pages appear in :Category:Luxembourgian scientists
Ernest Mühlen, was Member of the European Parliament; economist
Jean-Paul Pier, was known for his works on the harmonic analysis and the history of mathematics

Macedonia
Ratko Janev, was a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Atomic physics

Moldova
Natalia Gavrilița, prime minister, economist

Netherlands
Pages appear in :Category:Dutch scientists
Pieter Zeeman, he shared a  Nobel Prize in Physics

Norway
Pages appear in :Category:Norwegian scientists
Niels Henrik Abel, did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation (en) in radicals; mathematician; died in 1829https://snl.no/Niels_Henrik_Abel. Store norske leksikon
Kaare R. Norum
 Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta, French-Norwegian, the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway; Applied mathematics, she died in 2017

Poland
Pages appear in :Category:Polish scientists
Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer, d. 1543
Hugo Steinhaus, was known for his Banach–Steinhaus theorem

Portugal
Pages appear in :Category:Portuguese scientists
Carlos Moedas, mayor of Lisbon; civil engineer, economist

Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, former president of the Assembly of the Republic; economist

Romania

Russia
Pages appear in :Category:Russian scientists
Andrei Sakharov (d. 1989), Russian-born Soviet nuclear physicist; peace activist
 Leonid Kantorovich - Russian mathematician
 Sofya Kovalevskaya - Russian mathematician

Slovakia
Philipp Lenard (d. 1947), physicist, born in Pressburg (Pozsony, in today's Bratislava, Slovakia), in the Kingdom of Hungary

Slovenia
Pages appear in :Category:Slovenian scientists
Janez Stanovnik, was president of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia; economist

Spain
Pages appear in :Category:Spanish scientists
Clara Ponsatí i Obiols,  Counsellor of Education of the Generalitat of Catalonia; economist
 Santiago Ramón y Cajal, was a medical doctor who got a Nobel Prize

Sweden
Pages appear in :Category:Swedish scientists
Alfred Nobel (d. 1896), chemist, engineer, inventor

Switzerland
Pages appear in :Category:Swiss scientists
 Leonhard Euler, was the first to show the notion of (or idea about), a mathematical function; died in 1783

Turkey
 List of Turkish scientists

Ukraine
Pages appear in :Category:Ukrainian scientists
Anatoliy Kinakh, former prime minister; economist
Kostiantyn Sytnyk - he was a Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (a parliament) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic;  Botany; he died in 2017
Arseniy Yatsenyuk, has been prime minister; economist

Related pages
List of scientists from Africa
List of scientists from Asia
List of scientists from North America
List of scientists from Oceania
List of scientists from South America
List of sociologists from Europe

References

Category:Lists of scientists by continent
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scientists