Medgar Evers

Medgar Wiley Evers (July 2, 1925June 12, 1963) was an American civil rights activist from Decatur Mississippi. He is best known for his work to overturn racial segregation in the United States in the 1950s and early 1960s. He was a World War II veteran and became a field secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). After the 1954 ruling of the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education that segregated public schools were unconstitutional, Evers worked to get  African Americans admitted to the all-white University of Mississippi. Evers also worked for other changes in the nation's then-segregated society, such as voting rights and registration, economic opportunity, and access to public facilities for African Americans.

On June 12, 1963, he was fatally shot by Byron De La Beckwith, a member of the “White Citizens' Council, a group formed in 1954 to resist integration of schools and civil rights activity in America. His murder and the resulting trials led to many civil rights protests. An all-white jury failed to convict De La Beckwith in his first two trials. De La Beckwith was convicted, however, 30 years later in a new state trial in 1994 that was based on new evidence. Evers’ wife Myrlie Evers, later became a noted activist in her own right, serving as national chair of the NAACP. His brother Charles Evers became the first African-American mayor elected in the state of Mississippi in 1969 in Fayette, Mississippi.

Life
Medgar Wiley Evers was the third of the five children born to Jesse Wright and James Evers. The family included his father Jesse's two children from a previous marriage."James Charles Evers", Black Past The Evers family owned a small farm, and his father also worked at a sawmill.Williams, Reggie.  (2005, July 2). "Remembering Medgar," Afro King - American Red Star, p. A.1. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from Black Newspapers. Evers walked twelve miles to attend segregated schools, and earned his high school diploma.Sina, “Freedom Hero: Medgar Wiley Evers.” The My Hero Project, 2005. Retrieved October 25, 2009. Evers served in the United States Army during World War II from 1943 to 1945. He fought in the Battle of Normandy in June 1944. After the end of the war, Evers was honorably discharged as a sergeant.

In 1948, Evers enrolled at Alcorn College, now Alcorn State University majoring in business administration. He also competed on the debate, football, and track teams, sang in the choir, and was junior class president.Padgett, John B., “Medgar Evers” . The Mississippi Writers Page, University of Mississippi. 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2010. He earned his Bachelor of Arts in 1952. He married classmate Myrlie Beasley in 1951 while they were still in college. Together they had three children: Darrell Kenyatta, Reena Denise, and James Van Dyke Evers.The couple moved to Mound Bayou, Mississippi, a town that was founded by African Americans. There Evers became a salesman for T. R. M. Howard's Magnolia Mutual Life Insurance Company. In 1954, Evers applied to the segregated University of Mississippi Law School as a test case for the NAACP, but his application was rejected because of his race.  In late 1954, Evers was named the NAACP's first field secretary for Mississippi. In this position, he helped organize boycotts and set up new local chapters of the NAACP. He was involved with James Meredith's efforts to enroll in the University of Mississippi in the early 1960s. Evers also helped Dr. Gilbert Mason, Sr., organize the Biloxi, Mississippi wade-ins, protests against segregation of public beaches on the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

Evers' civil rights work and  leadership made him a target of white supremacists. His public investigations into the 1955 lynching of teenager Emmett Till had made him a prominent black leader. On May 28, 1963, a Molotov cocktail was thrown into the carport of his home.

Death
On June 12, 1963, Evers pulled into his driveway after returning from a meeting with NAACP lawyers. As Evers was getting out of his car, he was shot in the back and the bullet passed through his heart. He was taken to a hospital in Jackson, Mississippi where he was first refused entry because of his race. After his family explained who he was, the hospital went on and admitted to Evers. He died in the hospital about 50 minutes later.Birnbaum, p. 490.As a veteran, Evers was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery.Baden, M. M. (2006): Chapter III: Time of Death and Changes after Death. Part 4: Exhumation. In: Spitz, W. U. & Spitz, D. J. (eds): Spitz and Fisher’s Medicolegal Investigation of Death. Guideline for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigations (Fourth edition), Charles C. Thomas, pp. 174-83; Springfield, Illinois.

References

Other websites

 JFK First Draft Condolence Letter to Medgar Evers’ Widow, June 12, 1963  Shapell Manuscript Foundation
 Audio recording of T. R. M. Howard's eulogy at the memorial service for Medgar Evers, June 15, 1963, Jackson, Mississippi.

 Gwin, Minrose. "Mourning Medgar: Justice, Aesthetics, and the Local", March 11, 2008. Southern Spaces http://southernspaces.org/2008/mourning-medgar-justice-aesthetics-and-local
 Medgar Evers in the U.S. Federal Census American Civil Rights Pioneers
 Medgar Evers biography at africawithin.com

 IMDb.com 
 FBI article:  Civil Rights in the ‘60s: Justice for Medgar Evers 
 Medgar Evers's FBI file hosted at the Internet Archive
  Retrieved February 22, 2010
 "Medgar Evers," One Person, One Vote 

Category:1925 births
Category:1963 deaths

 Category:American military personnel of World War II
 Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Category:Military people from Mississippi
Category:African-American military personnel
Category:National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Category:Assassinated American politicians