Shock tactics

Shock tactics are those military tactics designed to overwhelm an enemy with fear, causing panic and confusion.Michiko Phifer, A Handbook of Military Strategy and Tactics (New Delhi: Vij Books India Private Limited, 2012), p. 162 Shock tactics are as old as warfare itself. The Mongols got their reputation for being invincible by the use of shock tactics.Clifford Jeffrey Rogers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 19 Numbers of Medieval knights mounted on their warhorses made coordinated shock attacks into the ranks of enemy soldiers. Robert E. Lee saw the advantage of the shock attack as not so much killing enemy soldiers, but to "create a panic and virtually destroy the [enemy] army."Richard Rollins, Pickett's Charge: Eyewitness Accounts at the Battle of Gettysburg (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005), pp. 8–9 The disadvantage of a shock attack is that the attacker may suffer heavy casualties. During World War I, for example, Germany suffered great losses with its use of the shock attack.Gustave Le Bon, The Psychology of the Great War (New York: Macmillan, 1916), p. 301

 Historic examples 
Ancient armies often defeated their enemy through the psychological impact of shock tactics.

 The Hittites and Ancient Egyptians used the first mobile tool for shock tactics; the war Chariot. Charioteers were the elite branch of most armies of the time. But by the beginning of the classical period they were no longer effective. Armies had developed ways to defeat the chariots in battle. Even the infamous scythed chariots used by Darius I of Persia  could be easily defeated by the infantry. They changed to a wider spacing of their phalanx formation. This allowed the soldiers to avoid the blades and let the scythed chariots to go right through. They then ran directly into the long pike formations directly behind each phalanx which impaled the chariots and their riders.

 Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander the Great depended on their elite Companion cavalry for their shock tactics to help win nearly every one of their battles.Partha Bose, Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy (New York: Gotham Books, 2004), p. 10 While the Macedonian phalanx units would engage the enemy, the cavalry was held in reserve. Once the phalanx broke up the lines, the Companion cavalry would act as shock troops and scatter the enemy soldiers.
 The German Blitzkrieg (lightning war) of World War II was a shock tactic that was used to great effect against their enemies. The Blitzkrieg concentrated its forces behind offensive weapons such as tanks, artillery and airplanes to quickly push through enemy lines. The tanks would then be free to cause shock and confusion behind the enemy lines. They would interrupt supply lines, and prevent reinforcements from sealing the breach in their lines. The Germans would then envelop the enemy troops and force them to surrender (military).

 Notes 

 Related pages 
 Flanking maneuver
 Pincer movement (also called a double-envelopment)
 Turning movement
 Ambush
 Envelopment
 Pincer movement 
 Rearguard
 Attrition warfare
 Feigned retreat
 Preemptive war
 Oblique order

 References 

 Other websites 
 Top 5 Ancient Military Tactics; YouTube

Category:Military terminology
Category:Military tactics