Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the United States Congress and is currently set at eight by the Judiciary Act of 1869.

How they are nominated
The President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.Joan Biskupic, Sandra Day O'Connor: How the First Woman on the Supreme Court Became Its Most Influential Justice (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 101.

Duties
Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.

Succession process
Under 28 USC 3, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.

Current justices
The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):
 Justice /birthdate and place Appointed by SCV Age at Start date /length of service Previous position or office Replaced Start  Present  Pin Point, Georgia  52–48 43   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1990–1991) Marshall  Trenton, New Jersey  58–42 55   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1990–2006) O'Connor  The Bronx, New York  68–31 55   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1998–2009) Souter  Manhattan, New York  63–37 50   Solicitor General of the United States (2009–2010) Stevens  Denver, Colorado  54–45 49   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (2006–2017) Scalia  Washington, D.C.  50–48 53   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2006–2018) Kennedy  New Orleans, Louisiana  52–48 48   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2017–2020) Ginsburg  Washington, D.C.  53–47 52   Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2021–2022) Breyer Source:

References

Other websites
Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies indexed by judge name

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