Apgar score

The Apgar score is used in medicine. It is a quick way of measuring how healthy a newborn baby is.

Virginia Apgar invented the Apgar score in 1952. She was an anesthesiologist, and created the score to measure how babies were affected by anesthesia given to their mothers during childbirth.

Today, the Apgar score is very commonly used by doctors, nurses, midwives, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and other medical professionals. One of the reasons it is so popular is that doing an Apgar test is very quick. It usually takes less than a minute, sometimes just seconds.

When an Apgar test is done, five simple things about the newborn baby are checked. The newborn gets a score of 0, 1, or 2 on each of these give things. The scores are added up, and the total is the newborn's Apgar score.

"Apgar" is the name of the woman who invented the Apgar scale. But "APGAR" is also a backronym that stands for the things the Apgar scale checks. These are Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

The Apgar score
What is Being Checked?Score of 0Score of 1Score of 2 Appearance(of the skin)Blue all over (cyanosis)Blue at arms and legsBody is pink (acrocyanosis)No cyanosisPink all over Pulse(Heart rate)0 (none)Under 100 beats per minuteOver 100 beats per minute Grimace(Irritability)Does not respond to stimulation(rubbing or flicking the newborn)Grimaces (frowns) with a lotof stimulationCries when stimulated ActivityNone (not moving)Limp musclesPulls back strongly when anarm or leg is pulled on RespirationNone (not breathing)Breathing under 40 times per minuteBreathing is weak, gasping, or gruntingBreathing over 40 times per minute;or crying strongly+ The five things that make up the Apgar score:

What the scores mean
The Apgar test is usually done one minute after birth, and again five minutes after birth. It may be repeated later if the score is low and stays low.

The main goal of the Apgar score is to see whether the newborn needs medical help. Usually:
 Scores of 7 or more are normal, and the newborn only needs basic care.
 Scores of 4, 5, and 6 are low. The newborn may need some medical help, like being warmed up or being given oxygen.
 Scores of 3 or below are dangerously low. The newborn may need immediate medical help, like CPR or help breathing.

Low scores
If a newborn has a low Apgar score one minute after birth, this does not mean the baby is going to have long-term health problems. This is especially true if the Apgar score is better five minutes after birth.

But an Apgar score that stays below 3 at later times—like 10, 15, or 30 minutes after birth—may show that the newborn has brain damage. These newborns are a little more likely to have cerebral palsy. However, the Apgar test cannot predict (say for sure) whether a baby will have long-term health problems.

 Related pages  
 Midwifery 
 Birth defects and atresia
 Postpartum care, Child care

Other websites
 (Retrieved from Profiles in Medicine-The Virginia Apgar Papers)

References



Category:Medicine
Category:Babies
Category:Pregnancy and childbirth
Category:Obstetrics and gynecology
Category:Medical tests