Yamagata Aritomo

was a Field Marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army. He was twice Prime Minister of Japan. Yamagata was the founder of the Imperial Japanese Army.Frederick R. Dickinson, War and National Reinvention: Japan in the Great War, 1914-1919 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 23

 Career 
Yamagata was born June 14, 1838, in Hagi.Japan at War: An Encyclopedia, ed. Louis G. Perez (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2013), p. 502 Hagi was the capital of the feudal domain of Chōshū (present-day Yamaguchi prefecture). He was schooled by his father. Yamagata studied classical Japanese and Chinese literature. He learned the martial arts of Jujutsu. Yamagata also learned the military use of the spear and how to fence.

He went to Shokasonjuku, a private school run by Yoshida Shōin.Thomas M. Huber, The Revolutionary Origins of Modern Japan (Standford: Stanford University Press, 1989), p. 5 There, he helped overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868.George Ernest Morrison, The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison 1912-1920, Vol 2: 1912-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), p. 132, n. 2 He was a commander in the Kiheitai. This was a semi-military organization created along semi-western lines by the Chōshū domain. He was a staff officer in the Boshin War (1867 to 1868).

After the Tokugawa were overthrown, Yamagata and Saigō Tsugumichi traveled abroad in 1869. They were sent to research the military systems of western countries. Yamagata was impressed with the Prussian military. After a year Yamagata returned and reported directly to Emperor Meiji in Tokyo. He was made "Assistant Vice Minister of Military Affairs". He used the military theories of Carl von Clausewitz and Prussian war games to change Japan's army.Deanna Spingola, The Ruling Elite: The Zionist Seizure of World Power (US: Canada: Trafford Publishing, 2012), p. 339 He became War Minister in 1873. He modernized the Imperial Japanese Army and made it like the Prussian army. He started military conscription in 1873.

 Personal life 
Yamagata had no children. He adopted a nephew to be his heir. The nephew was Yamagata Isaburō, the second son of his oldest sister. Then, Isaburō became a career bureaucrat, cabinet minister, and head of the civilian administration of Korea. In his later life he enjoyed landscape architecture, poetry and the rituals of the tea ceremony.Japan at War: An Encyclopedia, ed. Louis G. Perez (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2013), p. 504 Yamagata died on February 1, 1922.

Awards
Japanese
 Count (July 7, 1884)
 Genro (May 26, 1895)
 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Blossoms (August 5, 1895)
 Marquis (August 5, 1895)
 Marshal-General (January 20, 1898)
 Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (September 21, 1908) (Grand Cordon: June 3, 1903)
 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Golden Kite, 1st Class (September 21, 1908) (Second Class: August 5, 1895)
 Prince (September 21, 1908)

From other countries
 23px British Empire - Member of the Order of Merit (with swords) in 1906 by King Edward VII
 23px British Empire - Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

References

Category:1838 births
Category:1922 deaths
Category:Japanese military people
Category:Prime ministers of Japan
Category:Politicians from Yamaguchi Prefecture