Megan's Law

Megan's Law is an informal name for laws in the United States that require law enforcement authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders. It was created after the murder of Megan Kanka. 

Individual states decide what information will be made available and how it should be distributed. Most give out the offender's name, picture, address, Prison date, and nature of the crime. The information is often displayed on free public websites, but can be published in newspapers, distributed in pamphlets, or through various other means.

 Megan Kanka 

Richard and Maurine Kanka and their three children lived in a small town in New Jersey.Ronald A. Rufo, Sexual Predators Amongst Us (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012), p. 171 On 29 July 1994 their daughter Megan was lured into a neighbor's house to see a non-existent puppy. There she was raped and murdered by her abductor, Jesse Timmendequas. Timmendequas had just recently been released from prison after his second conviction on sexual offenses against children.John Douard; Pamela D. Schultz, Monstrous Crimes and the Failure of Forensic Psychiatry, p. 14 He had served six of the ten years of his sentence.The Congressional Record; proceedings and debates of the 107th Congress, second session, Vol. 148, Pt. 3 (March 11, 2002 to April 10, 2002), p. 3198 

Searches for the girl turned up nothing. The local police quickly focused on three known sex offenders living across the street from the missing girl.George J. Wren Jr., Jersey Troopers II: The Next Thirty-Five Years (1971-2006) (Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2009), pp. 290–91 Police released two of the suspects when they verified where they were. Timmendequas became the main suspect. He was released after several hours of interrogation. 

After obtaining a search warrant detectives searched Timmendequas's trash bin and found a piece of Megan Kanka's clothing. Timmendequas was questioned again and after several hours told police "She's in the park." When police then asked if she was still alive Timmendequas said "No, she's dead. I put a plastic bag over her head."

The Kankas were outraged to find they were living across the street from a convicted child sex offender.Rose Corrigan, 'Making Meaning of Megan's Law', Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Spring, 2006), p. 267 Two days after her murder, the parents of Megan Kanka started the "Megan Nichole Kanka Foundation". The mission of the foundation is to identify the location of convicted child sex offenders in every community.

 The Laws 

Maurine Kanka began pushing for laws disclosing the need to notify residents of the presence of convicted sex offenders in their communities. New Jersey was the first state to pass a "Megan's law." In 1995 the Supreme Court of New Jersey upheld the State law.Julia Davidson, Child Sexual Abuse: Media Representations and Government Reactions (New York: Routledge-Cavendish, 2008), p. 86 The continuing efforts resulted in President Bill Clinton signing the federal version of "Megan's Law."Cindy L. Miller-Perrin; Robin D. Perrin, Child Maltreatment: An Introduction (Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013), pp. 315–16 

The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Law, or "Megan's Law", was signed in May 1996. This was the first part. The second, or notification part of the law, was signed on 13 November 1996. It gave states one year to pass state versions of Megan's law. The District of Columbia and forty-seven states met the deadline and passed their own versions of the law. The notification portion of the law requires states to make public information about all sex offenders. They may each choose how they want to implement that part. 

Under the law sex offenders are grouped in risk bands based on the nature and details of their offense. The public is not notified of 'low risk' sexual offenders. Information on 'Medium risk' offenders is disclosed to schools and day care center. 'High risk' sexual offenders' information is disclosed to the public.

 Shortcomings of Megan's law 

Megan's law is not without problems.
As many as 20% of offenders have disappeared after providing false addresses.
Sex offenders may offend outside their own neighborhoods where they are not readily identified.
Notification laws may create a false sense of security, despite the greatest danger to children coming from family members and friends of the family.
Some states release information on offenders only if officials there decide it is necessary.Marcia Stewart; Ralph E Warner; Janet Portman, Every landlord's legal guide (Berkeley, CA: Nolo, 2012), p. 24
While many states are open and disclose offender information readily, some are very restrictive as to who the information is released to.
People listed on a sex offender list may be  placedin danger of acts of vigilantism, or be made homeless.
Offender databases may be inaccurate and may mistake one person for another.
Plea bargans may potentially result in a lesser conviction charge that does not require registration as a sex offender.
Some offenders who pose no danger to the public may be required to register, such as a person who was convicted of a sex offense with a minor of similar age under a statutory rape law.

References

 Other websites 
 The Megan Nichole Kanka Foundation 
 Megan's Law by State 
 Sex Offender Registries 

Category:1996 establishments in the United States
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Category:United States federal legislation