Gagra

Gagra (; Abkhaz and ) is a town in Abkhazia. It covers an area of about 5 kilometres. It is located on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The moderate climate makes it a popular tourist resort.

Gagra is the centre of the Gagra District. It is located in the western part of Abkhazia. The river Psou serves as a border with Krasnodar Kray of Russia.

 History 
Gagra was established as a Greek colony. During the rule of the Kingdom of Colchis, they called it Triglite.

In the time of the Roman Empire the town was renamed to Nitica. Because of its geographical and commercial importance, it was attacked repeatedly by the Goths. The Romans did not neglect it, however. They fortified it well. After the Romans, the Byzantine Empire took control of all of Colchis, including Nitica. It became a major trading center for merchants from Venice and Genoa. The name "Gagra" appeared for the first time on a map in 1308. This was on a map of the Caucasus made by the Italian Pietro Visconti. This map is now in the Library of Saint Mark in Venice.

 Gagra within the Russian Empire 
In the 16th century, Gagra was a part of Georgia. It was invaded by the Ottoman Empire. Because of poverty and disease, most of its people had left. After Russia's victory over the Ottomans in 1878, Russia rebuilt the town.

250px|thumb|View of Gagra's wharf sometime between 1905 and 1915.

 Gagra under the Soviet Union 
In 1919, Vladimir Lenin established a "worker's resort" in Gagra. He nationalized the resort that had been built by Oldenburg. Then Gagra became a popular holiday resort for Soviet citizens. During World War II, it gained a new role as a site for the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers. After the war, various state-run sanatoriums were built there. The resort grew and was developed quickly as part of the "Soviet Riviera".

 Gagra in post-soviet Abkhazia 
In the late 1980s, tensions grew between the Georgian and Abkhazian communities in the region. War started between 1992 and 1993. It ended in a defeat of the Georgian government's forces. Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians were forced to leave their homes in Abkhazia. This was part of a mass ethnic cleansing, in which thousands of Georgian civilians were massacred.Human Rights Watch Arms Project. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki. March 1995 Vol. 7, No. 7. Georgia/Abkhazia: Violations of the Laws of War and Russia’s Role in the Conflict Gagra and the Abkhazian capital Sokhumi were at the centre of the fighting and suffered heavy damage.

After 1993, Gagra was under Russian occupation and under the control of separatist armed formations.

 Monuments 
The most important landmarks of Gagra are:
 ruins of the Abaata fortress (4th–5th century AD, built by the Anchabadze dynasty, the ruling Georgian dynasty);
 6th-century church, said to be the oldest in Abkhazia, built by Anchabadze dynasty;
 Marlinsky defensive tower (1841);
 19th-century palace of the Prince of Oldenburg.

Twin towns
On 14 May 2012, Gagra signed a cooperation agreement with Vladimir.

 References 

 Other websites 

 webcamera in Gagra 

Category:Ancient Greek cities
Category:Abkhazia
Category:Settlements in Georgia (country)
Category:Spa towns