John Rosbrugh

Rev. John Rosbrugh (c. 1714–1777) (also spelled Rosborough and Rosburgh) was a graduate of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He was ordained a Presbyterian minister. In 1776 he organized and commanded the 3rd Northampton County, Pennsylvania militia. He then accepted a commission as company chaplain. He was killed at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton. Rosbrugh was the first U.S. chaplain ever killed in battle.

Early career

John Rosbrugh was born John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), p. 3 in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. He immigrated to the United States along with his older brother, William. The family was originally from Craigie, County Ayrshire, Scotland. His ancestors went to Ireland during the settling of the Ulster Plantation.Harold Rosebrugh, The Rosebrugh Family Story (Galt Publishers, Galt, Ontario, Canada. 1965) pp. 9, 35-6 In 1733 his young wife Sarah died in childbirth along with their only child.John C. Clyde, Genealogies, Necrology and Reminiscences of the Irish Settlement (Published by the author, 1879), p. 313 He was a tradesman but well enough educated to prepare himself for college.William B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, Vol. III (Robert Carter & Brothers, NY, 1858), p. 254

Ministry

He attended the College of New Jersey where he graduated in 1761.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 4-5 He was licensed to preach in August of 1763. In October 1764 he was sent to the congregations of Greenwich, Oxford, and Mansfield Woodhouse, all in western New Jersey. In December 1764 he became a Presbyterian minister.Charles Augustus Hanna, The Scotch-Irish, Vol. II (G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1902), p. 128 By 1765, he was asked to serve neighboring congregations in Upper and Lower Hardwick in Warren County, New Jersey.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), p. 13 In 1766, Rev. Rosbrugh married Jane Ralston. She was the daughter of James Ralston of East Allen Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It was then called 'the Irish Settlement.'The Scotch-Irish of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Vol 1, The Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Soc., 1926, p. 191 In 1769 Rev. Rosbrugh was called to serve at the church at Allen Township. This was the same congregation his wife was from. He became their permanent minister. For seven years, he led his congregation in Allen township.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 21-3

Revolutionary war

At the start of the American Revolutionary War, news was often read to congregations in their churches. It was one of the main forms of communication at the time.Joel Tyler Headley, The Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolution (Charles Scriber, New York, 1864), p. 23 On December 10, 1776, General George Washington called out the militia of Pennsylvania. He wrote to the colonels of the militias of Northampton and Bucks counties asking them and their men to join him as quickly as possible. Rev. Rosebrugh read General Washington's letter to his congregation. The men of the congregation formed a company of militia and agreed to go to war if Rev. Rosbrugh would lead them.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 38–39, 42-43 He had expected to accompany them as their chaplain but reluctantly agreed to lead them. John Rosbrugh took his place at the head of the company and slinging his musket over his shoulder led the company to join General Washington and the Continental Army in Philadelphia.

While in Philadelphia, Rev. Rosbrugh was given a commission as a Chaplain.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 45-6 Captain John Hays took his place as company commander. A chaplain at that time held the rank of major and pay of thirty-three and a half dollars per month.Jared Sparks, The Writings of George Washington, Vol. III (John B. Russel, Boston, 1837), p. 456 *  Presbyterian ministers, however, were particularly hated by the British and if captured suffered cruel treatment.Parker C. Thompson, The United States Army Chaplaincy, Vol. I (Office of the Chief of Chaplains, Department of the Army, Washington D.C., 1978) p. 151 Rev. Rosbrugh’s company joined the rest of the Northampton county militia in camp. Rosbrugh also met with his brother-in-law, John Ralston, a member of the Second Continental Congress.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), p. 43 The 3rd Battalion was under the command of General Israel Putnam. He had orders to cross the Delaware on the 25th of December in support of Washington’s surprise attack on Trenton. However General Putnam decided not to cross due to weather conditions. So Rev. Rosbrugh’s battalion remained in Philadelphia.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 52-3 After General Washington crossed back to Pennsylvania he decided to take Trenton a second time. This time the 3rd Northampton militia was included. The battle was called  the second battle of Trenton or the battle of Assinpink creek.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 55-6

Death and burial

On the afternoon of January 2nd the Americans were preparing their positions for the upcoming battle.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), p. 57 Rev. John Rosbrugh was dining at a public house when a  warning was shouted that Hessians were coming.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), p. 59 Going outside he found his horse had been taken. He tried to get back to the American lines which were on the other side of Assunpink Creek. But he was suddenly confronted by a company of Hessians under the command of a British officer.William B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, Vol. III (Robert Carter & Brothers, NY, 1858), p. 255 He surrendered but they recognized him as a Presbyterian minister. The Hessians bayoneted him to death. They took his watch and money then left his body naked in the snow. Captain Hays, the company commander, recovered the body and quickly buried him where he fell. The next morning Rev. George Duffield, a brother Presbyterian chaplain moved Rev. Rosbrugh's body to the nearby graveyard of the First Presbyterian Church of Trenton. It is believed he still rests there today. His widow, Jane (née Ralston) survived him by 32 years. She was buried in the East Allen Township cemetery, the inscription on her tombstone indicating her husband John is buried beside her.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution (Easton, 1880), pp. 48-60

Family

About 1766, John Rosbrugh married secondly, Jane Ralston (1739–1809). She was the daughter of James Ralston of the Irish Settlement or Allen Township, PA.John C. Clyde, ""Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution"" (Easton, 1880), p. 13 John and Jane had five children:

 James Rosbrugh - (1767–1850) – Judge, NY State legislator, Captain of militia in the War of 1812, he resided at Groveland, NYJohn C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution(Easton, 1880), pp. 76-8 
 Letitia Rosbrugh - (1769–1859) – Married Samuel Ralston, they lived in Allen Township, PA.John C. Clyde, Rosbrugh, A Tale of the Revolution(Easton, 1880), p. 76 
 Mary Rosbrugh  –  Married Robert Ralston, her cousin, a member of the Continental Congress. 
 Sarah Rosbrugh –  Never married, moved to Western New York. Died at age seventy-six.
 John Rosbrugh – (–aft. 1880), he never married and remained a resident of Allen township, PA.

Notes

References

 Other websites 

 Rev. John Rosbrugh Marker 
 Ten Crucial Days

Category:Military people from New Jersey
Category:1714 births
Category:1777 deaths