The Pirates of Penzance

The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty is a two-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the fifth of their fourteen operettas. The London premiere was 3 April 1880 at the Opera Comique. It ran for almost a year, closing on 2 April 1881. It had 363 performances. 

American copyright 
Gilbert, Sullivan, and their manager Richard D'Oyly Carte arrived in New York in October 1879 to present an authorized version of H.M.S. Pinafore. During this time, Sullivan continued work on the team's next operetta, Pirates, and completed it on 28 December.

In order to secure the American copyright, the operetta premiered in New York City at the Fifth Avenue Theatre on 31 December 1879. Sullivan conducted.
The operetta was a great success.

In order to secure the British copyright, the operetta had been performed at the Bijou Theatre in Paignton, Devon, the day before the New York premiere on 30 December. The singers wore their costumes from Pinafore (they were performing this operetta in nearby Torquay) and sang from hand-written sheets of music newly delivered from the United States.

Adaptations
American director and producer Joseph Papp adapted the operetta for summer performances in Central Park, New York City, in 1980. The production was then staged on Broadway and in the West End with great success. In 1983, a movie version of the Papp adaptation was released, starring Angela Lansbury, pop singer Linda Ronstadt, and Kevin Kline.

Roles
 Pirate King (bass-baritone)
 Samuel (baritone), his lieutenant
 Frederic (tenor), a pirate apprentice
 Ruth (contralto), a "piratical maid of all work"
 Sergeant of Police (bass)
 Major-General Stanley (comic baritone)
 Mabel (soprano), Stanley's daughter
 Edith (mezzo-soprano), Stanley's daughter
 Kate (mezzo-soprano), Stanley's daughter
 Isabel (speaking role), Stanley's daughter

References
 Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 189-191.
 Brahms, Caryl. 1975. Gilbert and Sullivan: lost chords and discords. Little, Brown. pp. 88-96.

Category:Operettas by Gilbert and Sullivan
Category:1870s operas
Category:1879 works