Emperor Ninmyō

was the 54th  emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 仁明天皇 (54); retrieved 2011-10-26. according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 64-65.  His reign started in 833 and ended in 850.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 106-112; Brown, Delmer M. et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 283-284; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 164-165;

Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was .Brown, p. 282; Varley, p. 164.

Ninmyō was the second son of Emperor Saga and the Empress Tachibana no Kachiko.

Ninmyō had nine Empresses, Imperial consorts, and concubines (kōi); and he had 24 Imperial sons and daughters.Brown, p. 283.

Events of Ninmyō's life
Ninmyō was Crown Prince for 10 years.

 6 January 823 (Kōnin 10, 4th month, 19th day): At age 14, Prince Masara is named Junna's heir.
 22 March 833 (Tenchō 10, 28th day of the 2nd month): In the 10th year of Emperor Junna's reign, the emperor abdicated. The succession (senso) was received by his adopted son.  Masara-shinnō was the natural son of Emperor Saga, and therefore would have been Junna's nephew.  Soon afterwards, Emperor Ninmyo is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).Titsingh, p. 106; Brown, p. 283.  This was confirmed in ceremonies.Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō),  Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2011-12-23.
 838-839 (Jōwa  5-6): Diplomatic mission to Tang China headed by Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu.Sansom, George Bailey. (1958).  A History of Japan to 1334, pp. 134-135; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211.
 6 May 850 (Kashō 3, 21st day of the 3rd month): Emperor Ninmyō died at the age of 41.Adolphson, Mikael et al. (2007). Heian Japan, centers and peripheries, p. 23; Brown, p. 284

After his death
Emperor Ninmyō is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the Imperial Household Agency designates , in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, as the location of Ninmyō's mausoleum.

Ninmyō was sometimes posthumously referred to as "the Emperor of Fukakusa," because that was the location of his tomb.Brown, p. 284; Varley, p. 165.

Eras of reign
The years of Ninmyō's reign are identified by more than one era name (nengō).Titsingh, p. 106.
 Tenchō  (824-834)
 Jōwa    (834-848)
 Kashō    (848-851)

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References

Other websites
 Hokusai:  Poem #12, image of ceremonial event in Ninmyō's court 

Category:Emperors of Japan
Category:810 births
Category:850 deaths