Jefferson County, Florida

Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida.  As of 2020, the population is 14,510.  Its county seat is Monticello, Florida.

Jefferson County is part of the Tallahassee, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Jefferson County was created in 1827.  It was named for Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America, who served from 1801 to 1809.  Monticello is a racially diverse town (see People).

Forts of Jefferson County
Jefferson County has many old forts that were used by early settlers and the military.

Fort Roger Jones (1839), Aucilla (Ocilla Ferry), north of US 90.
Fort Noel (1839 - 1842), south of Lamont on the Aucilla River, six miles (10 km) northwest of Fort Pleasant in Taylor County. Also known as Fort Number Three (M).
Camp Carter (1838), near Waukeenah.
Fort Welaunee (1838), a settlers' fort on the Welaunee Plantation near Wacissa. Fort Gamble (1839 - 1843) was later established here.
Fort Aucilla (1843), two miles (3 km) south-east of Fort Gamble, southwest of Lamont, between the Aucilla and Wacissa Rivers. Also spelled Ocilla.
Fort Wacissa (1838), a settlers' fort located south of Wacissa on the Wacissa River, west of Cabbage Grove.

Land
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (6.0%) is water.

Jefferson County is the only county in Florida which borders both the state of Georgia and the Gulf of Mexico.

Counties nearby
Thomas County, Georgia - north
Brooks County, Georgia - northeast
Madison County, Florida - east
Taylor County, Florida - southeast
Wakulla County, Florida - southwest
Leon County, Florida - west

National protected area
 St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Waterbodies
Aucilla River
Lake Miccosukee
Wacissa River

People
At the 2020 census, 14,510 people lived in the county. There were 5,816 households and 1,013 people who did not live in households. The population density was 24.3 people per square mile (9.4/km²). The median age was 49.8 years (47.6 for males, 52.0 for females).

Of the total population, 16.9% were under 18 years old, 58.3% were 18 to 64, and 24.7% were 65 or over. Males made up 51.6% and females made up 48.4% of the people. The population was 60.1% White (non-Latino), 31.7% Black (non-Latino), 4.5% Hispanic or Latino, and 2.8% Two or more races (non-Latino). Less than 1% of the people were from other races.

Of the 5,816 households, 3,762 (64.7%) were families, 1,370 (23.6%) had children under 18, 2,686 (46.2%) had a married couple, and 1,754 (30.2%) had one person living alone. The average household size was 2.3 people. There were 6,690 housing units, and 86.9% had people living in them all year. Of these households, 77.2% were owner-occupied, while 22.8% were renters.

As of 2022, the median (middle) yearly income for a household was about $51,573, and the median income for a family was about $69,690. The per capita income was about $29,189. About 12.4% of families and 18.3% of all people in Jefferson County lived below the poverty line. This includes 31.0% of children under 18 years old and 12.5% of people over 65 years old.

Government and politics
Jefferson County was one of only a handful of counties in the Florida Panhandle that politically favored the Democratic Party. However, Republican Donald Trump won the county in 2016 and 2020.

Schools
The Jefferson County School District operates one public K-12 school, south of Monticello.

The number of students decreased in the 2000s, so a separate middle school shut down in 2005. The district declared a financial emergency because of budget deficits.Tallahassee Democrat: State to take over Jefferson County School District's weak finances On April 23, 2009, the Florida Department of Education took over financial oversight of the district.Tallahassee Democrat: Parents and teachers react to Jefferson County Schools' dire finances The schools were also doing poorly by educational measures. In 2015, the state of Florida took control of the district. They moved the elementary school to the middle and high school campus, and changed them into a charter school. Jefferson County was the first school district in Florida that was run entirely as charter schools. In 2022, the county took control of the school again. 

There is one private school, Aucilla Christian Academy.

Cities and towns
Incorporated
 City of Monticello

Unincorporated
 Alma
 Ashville
 Aucilla
 Capps
 Casa Blanco
 Cody
 Dills
 Drifton
 Fanlew
 Festus
 Fincher
 Jarrott
 Lamont
 Limestone
 Lloyd
 Lois
 Montivilla
 Nash
 Thomas City
 Wacissa
 Waukeenah

References

Other websites

Government websites
 Jefferson County Home Page 
 Jefferson County Economic Development Council
 Jefferson County Tourist Development Council
 Chamber of Commerce 

Constitutional Offices
 Jefferson County Board of County Commissioners
 Jefferson County Supervisor of Elections
 Jefferson County Property Appraiser
 Jefferson County Sheriff's Office 
 Jefferson County Tax Collector

Jefferson County Schools
Public School System
 Jefferson County School District
Private School System
 Aucilla Christian Academy

Judicial Branch
 Jefferson County Clerk of Courts 
  Public Defender, 2nd Judicial Circuit of Florida  serving  Franklin, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla counties
  Office of the State Attorney, 2nd Judicial Circuit of Florida
  Circuit and County Court for the 2nd Judicial Circuit of Florida

Special Districts
 Suwannee River Water Management District
 Northwest Florida Water Management District 


Category:Florida counties
Category:1827 establishments in Florida Territory