Quena

The quena, also written as "kena" in English, is the traditional flute of Peru and the Andes. Made of bamboo, it has six finger holes and one thumb hole and is open on both ends. To make a sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between the chin and lower lip, and blows a stream of air downward, over a notch cut into the end. It is normally in the key of G major. G is the lowest note when all the holes are covered. It produces a very breathy or airy tone.

The quenacho (also "kenacho" in English) is a bigger, lower sounding type of quena and made the same way. It is in the key of D major, a fourth lower than the quena. In most of Andes' towns "vamos a ir a la quena" (we will go to the quena) was used to threaten little children, because the quena was made of bamboo, a hard material.

Quena is mostly used in traditional Andean music. In the 1960s and 1970s the quena was used by several Nueva Canción musicians. Some groups such as Illapu have used it regularly. In the 1980s and 1990s some post-Nueva Canción rock groups have also used the quena in some of their songs; notably Soda Stereo in Cuando Pase el Temblor and Los Enanitos Verdes in Lamento Boliviano. The quena is also relatively common in World music.

Other flutes
Other Andean flutes include
The pinquillo, also called pinkuyo or pinkiyo, has the same fingering as the quena. It looks and works the same way as a  recorder. It has an air channel, or fipple, to conduct the air;
The tarka, or tharqa, also like a recorder but it is shorter and quite angular in shape. It needs more breath, and has a darker, more penetrating sound;
The moseño, or mohoseño, is a long, two tubed bamboo flute with a deep sound. The extra tube acts as an aeroduct.

Related pages
Native American flute

References

Other websites
Quena Music
Modern Quena models
How to select a quena
The sound of the quena Los Koyas
Quenacho Music Iain Kelso 

Category:Flutes
Category:South American culture
Category:World music