Emperor Kameyama

(9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305), was the 90th emperor of Japan, in the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 亀山天皇 (90); retrieved 2011-10-16.  His reign started in 1259 and ended in 1274.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 253-261; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 232-233; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002).  "Kameyama Tennō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 461.

Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, his personal name (imina) was .Titsingh, p. 253; Varley, p. 232.  The posthumous name of Kameyama comes from the place name of the emperor's tomb, in a section of Kyoto.

He was the seventh son of Emperor Go-Saga and the younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa.Martin, Peter. (1997). The Chrysanthemum Throne: a History of the Emperors of Japan, p. 81.

Kameyama was the father of 36 children, including the son and heir who became Emperor Go-Uda.Martin, pp. 81-82.

Events of Kameyama's life
 1258 (Shōka 2): Kameyama's son, Prince Tsunehito was named Crown Prince and heir at age nine.
 1259 (Shōgen 1, 11th month): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign, he abdicated.  Go-Fukakusa's younger brother got the succession (senso).Titsingh, p. 253. Soon after, Emperor Kameyama accepted the monarch's role, duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami. Compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō),  Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2011-12-23.
 1268 (Bun'ei 5): Kameyama did not answer a letter from Kublai Khan which demanded tribute.  Khan, the leader of China, saw this non-response as rude and not respectful.
 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 1st month): In the 15th year of Kameyama's reign, he abdicated.Titsingh, p. 261.
 19 November 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Yuan China (Kublai Khan) sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū.   This was the "Battle of Bun'ei" or the 1st Mongol Invasion.  The same day, a storm sank many of the ships with the main part of the invading army. The invaders ran away to Korea.Davis, Paul K. (2001).  100 decisive battles: from ancient times to the present, p. 147.  During the short fight, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003).  Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400, p. 66.
 1281 (Kōan 4): This is called the "Battle of Kōan" or the 2nd Mongol Invasion. A typhoon broke up the invading fleet; and this act of 'divine wind' was called kamekaze.
 1291 (Shōō 4): Kameyama helped to found the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyōto.Martin, p. 81

 1305 (Kagen 3): Kameyama died.

After his death
The Imperial Household Agency say the mausoleum (misasagi) of Kameyama is in Kyoto.  The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine there.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 422.

Eras of reign
The years of Kameyama's reign cover more than one era name.Titsingh, pp. 253-261.
 Bun'ō, 1260-1261
 Kōchō, 1261-1264
 Bun'ei, 1264-1275

 Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree
 Emperor Go-Kameyama

 References 

 Other websites 

Category:Emperors of Japan
Category:1249 births
Category:1305 deaths
Category:1260s in Japan
Category:1270s in Japan