Mangrove

Mangroves are trees or shrubs that grow in salty water in hot places like the tropics.

Mangroves make a special saltwater woodland or shrubland habitat, called a mangrove swamp, mangrove forest, mangrove or mangal.Hogarth, Peter J. 1999. The biology of mangroves Oxford University Press, Oxford. Mangroves grow on 1/3 of tropical shores. They are also found in sub-tropical Africa, Asia, and the southwest Pacific. 

Their twisted, tangled roots collect sediment. Over time, the sediment may become islands, or extend the shoreline.

 Description 
Mangroves live right in the sea, or at the sea edge. Their seeds fall from the tree and grow roots as soon as they touch any kind of soil. During low tide, they may fall in soil rather than water and start growing where they fall. If the water level is high, they may be carried far away from where they fell. 

Mangrove trees are often the beginning of what will one day be a small island. As soil and other things collect in their roots, little bodies of land are formed – just the right place for other island vegetation to grow. This is an example of seed dispersal by water.

Mangroves have special root-like structures. They are aerial roots or pneumatophores. These stick up out of the soil, and are covered in lenticels. They take in oxygen through their pores. These "breathing tubes" may reach heights of up to 30 cm, and in some species, over 3 m. Smaller roots with air passages move oxygen from the air to parts of the plant underwater. 

 Benefits 
Mangrove roots give clear water to the coral reefs which often surround them. They trap dirt and clean water by filtering land runoff and removing pollutants. The tree also protects the shoreline (and the coral reefs) from being eroded by storm waves. Mangrove thickets are a good place for many coral-reef fish, shrimp, and crabs to grow.Attenborough, David 1995. The private life of plants: a natural history of plant behaviour. BBC Books, London.Williams, Iolo 2018. Wonders of the Great Barrier Reef. 

 References 

Category:Trees
Category:Wetlands