Waray language

Wáray-Wáray or Warai (commonly spelled as Waray; also Winaray or Lineyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Leyte, and Biliran in the Philippines.

The Waraynon group of languages consists of Waray, Waray Sorsogon, and Masbate Sorsogon. All the Warayan languages belong to the Visayan language family and are related to Cebuano and more closely to Hiligaynon and Masbateño.

Usage
Waray-Waray is one of the ten officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines and is used by the local government. It is spoken throughout the islands, especially in the Eastern Visayas region. But it is also spoken in some parts of Mindanao, Masbate, Sorsogon, and Metro Manila where Warays went to. There is also a very small number of Filipinos abroad, especially in the United States, that speak this language.

Sounds
The Waray language has sixteen consonants: . There are three main vowels: a , i , and u . Consonants  and  were once allophone but cannot interchange, like palaron (to be lucky) [from palad, palm (because someone's luck is seen in the palm)] but not paladon and tagadiín (from where) [from diín, where] but not tagariín.

Numbers
Native numbers are used for numbers one through ten. From eleven onwards, Spanish numbers are exclusively used in Waray today, their native counterparts being almost unheard of by the majority of native speakers numbers (except for gatus for hundred and yukot for thousand). Some, specially the old ones, are spoken alongside the Spanish counterparts.

 English  Native Waray  Borrowed from Spanish One  Usá  Uno Two  Duhá  Dos Three  Tuló  Tres Four  Upat  Kuwatro Five  Limá  Singko Six  Unom  Seiz/says Seven  Pitó  Siete/syete Eight  Waló  Ocho/otso Nine  Siyám  Nuebe/nueve Ten  Napúlô  Diez Eleven  Napúlô kag usá  Onse Twenty  Karuhaan  Baynte Thirty  Katloan  Trenta Forty  Kap-atan  Kuwarenta Fifty  Kalim-an  Singkwenta Sixty  Kaunman  Sisenta Seventy  Kapitoan  Sitenta Eighty  Kawaloan  Ochienta Ninety  Kasiaman  Nobenta One Hundred  Usa ka Gatus  Cien One Thousand  Usa ka Yukot  Mil One Million  Usa ka milyon  milyon

Some common words and phrases
Below are examples of the Waray spoken in Metropolitan Tacloban and the nearby areas:
 Can you understand Waray?: ¿Nakakaintindi / Nasabut ka hin Winaray? (hin or hiton)
 Good morning (noon / afternoon / evening): Maupay nga aga (udto / kulop / gab-i)
 Thank you: Salamat
 I love you: Hinihigugma ko ikaw or Ginhihigugma ko ikaw or Pina-ura ta ikaw
 Where are you from? : ¿Taga diin ka? or ¿Taga nga-in ka? 
  What is your name? : ¿Ano it imo ngaran?
 Who are you?: ¿Hin-o ka?
 How are you? : ¿Kumusta ka na? 
 I'm fine / In God's will: Kalu-oy sa Dyos
 How much is this? : ¿Tag pira ini?
 I like this / that:  Karuyag ko ini / itun
 I can't understand: Diri ako nakakaintindi or Diri ako nakakasabut
 I don't know: Diri ako maaram or Ambot
 What: Ano
 Who: Hin-o
 Where: Hain or Di-in
 When (future): San-o
 When (past): Kakan-o
 Why: Kay-ano
 How: ¿Gin-aano?/¿Patiunan-o?
 Yes: Oo
 No: Dire / Diri
 There: Adto or Didto or Ngad-to
 Here: Didi or Nganhi or Din-hi
 Up: Igbaw
 Down: Ubos
 Top: Baw-baw
 Bottom: Ilarom or Sirong
 Right: Tu-o
 Left: Wala
 Far: Harayu / Harayo
 Near: Hirane / Hirani
 Front or in front: Atubang or Atubangan
 Night: Gab-i
 Day: Adlaw
 Nothing: Waray
 Good: Maupay
 Beautiful: Mahusay
 Handsome: Gwapo
 Boy: Lalaki
 Girl: Babayi
 Gay: Bayot
 Lesbian: Lesbyana
 I'm a friend of...: Sangkay ak ni...
 I'm lost here: Nawawara ak didi.
 Maybe: Bangin
 I wish...: Kunta

Other common words
Technical terms
 Gold - Bulawan
 Steel - Puthaw
 Car - Awto / Sarakyan / Kotchi / Sasakyan
 Airplane - Edro / Eroplano
 Airport - Lupadan / Landingan

Astronomical terms
 Earth - Kalibutan
 Moon - Bulan; Indonesian - Bulan
 Sun - Adlaw
 Star - Bituon Indonesian - bintang

Natural terms
 Wind - Hangin; Indonesian - Angin
 Fire - Kalayo
 Land - Tuna; Indonesian - Tanah
 Water - Lawod / Tubig
 Nature - Libong
 Mountain - Bukid; Indonesian - Bukit
 Sea - Dagat
 Ocean - Kalawdan Indonesian - Laut i.e. ka-laut-an
 Island - Puro / Isla Indonesian - Pulau
 Archipelago - Kapuruan; Indonesian - Kepulauan
 River - Salog
 Lake - Danaw; Indonesian - Danau

Parts of the house
 House - Balay or Payag
 Room - Kwarto or Sulod
 Bedroom - Sulod-Katurugan
 Kitchen - Kusina
 Outdoor Kitchen - Abuhan
Living Room - Sala
 Dining Room - Kaunan
 Bathroom - Kubeta / Kasilyas / Karigu-an / Banyo
Stairs - Hagdan / Hagdanan
Garage - Garahe / Garahi
Roof - Atup / Atop

Members of the Family
 Father - Amay / Tatay / Papa
 Mother - Iroy / Nanay / Mama
 Child - Anak
Son - Anak nga Lalaki
Daughter - Anak nga Babayi
Sibling - Bugto
 Brother - Bugto nga lalaki
 Sister - Bugto nga Babayi
 Grandparent - Apoy
Grandfather - Lolo
Grandmother - Lola
 Cousin - Patod
 Nephew/Niece - Umangkon
 Son-in-Law/Daughter-in-Law - Umagad
 Brother-in-Law - Bayaw
Sister-in-Law - Hipag
 Father-in-Law/Mother-in-Law - Ugangan
 Oldest Child - Suhag
 Youngest Child - Puto or Pudo

Fashion words
 Hat - Kalo
Pants - Saruwal
 Clothes - Bado / Duros
 Belt - Paha
Socks - Medyas
Shoes - Sapatos

Food
 Bread - Tinapay
 Rice (cooked) - Kan-on / Luto
Rice (unhusked and raw) - Bugas
Rice (still in husk) - Humay
Rice (charred) - Tukag
 Viand - Sura
 Coffee - Kape
Sugar - Asukar
Salt - Asin
Soy Sauce - Toyo
 Vinegar - Suoy / Suka

Animals
 Dog - Ayam / Iru / Ido
 Cat - Uding / Misay
 Rat - Yatot / Yatut
 Crocodile - Buaya
 Bird - Tamsi
 Snake - Halas
Cow - Baka
Pig - Baboy
Goat - Kanding
 Carabao - Karabaw
Fish - Isda
 Crab - Masag
Shrimp - Pasayan
 Lobster - Tapusok

Waray-Waray loanwords and cognates
Common Waray Waray words and its foreign and local origin
Indonesian/Malay Cognates
 Mulay (English: to play)- from Indonesian mulai
 Balay (English: house) - from Indonesian balai
 Sarapati (English: pigeon) - from Indonesian merpati
 Kapuruan (English: archipelago) - from Indonesian/Malay kepulauan
 Posporo (English: match) - from Indonesian/Malay posporo
 Mata (English: eyes) - from Indonesian/Malay mata
 Bulan (English: moon/month) - from Indonesian/Malay bulan
 Ini (English: this/these) - from Indonesian/Malay ini
 Kamo (English: you [plural]) - from Indonesian/Malay kamu

Spanish
 Abandonada (Spanish: Abandonado/a) – abandoned
 Abaniko (Spanish: Abanico) – fan
 Abriha (Spanish: Abrir, Filipino: Abrihin) – to open
 Abrelata (Spanish: Abrelatas) – tin-opener/can opener
 Abril (Spanish: Abril) – April
 Abogado (Spanish: Abogado) – lawyer, attorney
 Aborido (Spanish: Aburrido) – bored (used in Tagalog as 'anxious, confused')
 Akasya (Spanish: Acacia) – acacia tree
 Aksidente (Spanish: Accidente) – accident
 Adurnuha (Spanish: Adornar, Filipino: Adurnuhan) – to decorate
 Agrabiyado (Spanish: Agraviado) – being aggrieved
 Aginaldo (Spanish: Aguinaldo) – Christmas gift
 Agosto (Spanish: Agosto) – August
 Ahensiya (Spanish: Agencia) – agency
 Ahente (Spanish: Agente) – agent
 Alahas (Spanish: Alhaja) – jewel
 Alambre (Spanish: Alambre) – wire
 Alkansiya (Spanish: Alcancía) – piggy bank
 Alpilir (Spanish: Alfiler) – pin
 Alsaha (Spanish: Alzar, Filipino: Alsahin) – Ambisyoso (Spanish: Ambicioso) – ambitious
 Ambisyon (Spanish: Ambición) – ambitionArbularyo (Spanish: Herbolario) - Medicine man (from "Herbo" -herb)
 Arina (Spanish: Harina) – flour
 Arkitekto (Spanish: Arquitecto) – architect
 Armado (Spanish: Armado) – armed
 Armibal (Spanish: Almíbar) – syrup
 Artista (Spanish: Artista) – artist (used in Waray Waray as 'actor/actress')
 Ariyos (Spanish: Arreos) – tack (used in Waray Waray as 'earrings')
 Asintado (Spanish: Asentado) – settled
 Asero (Spanish: Acero) – steel
 Asno (Spanish: Asno) – donkey
 Asoge (Spanish: Azogue) – mercury
 Asosasyon (Spanish: Asociación) – association
 Asukar (Spanish: Azúcar) – sugar
 Asul (Spanish: Azul) – blue
 Asyatiko (Spanish: Asiatico) – Asian
 Intyendeha (Spanish: Atender) – to attend to
 Atrasado (Spanish: Atrasado) – overdue, slow (clock), backward (used in Waray Waray as 'late')
 Ayudaha (Spanish: Ayudar, Filipino: Ayudahan) – to help
 Banyo/Kasilyas (Spanish: Baño) – bathroom, toilet
 Baraha (Spanish: Baraja) – deck of playing cards
 Baratilyo (Spanish: Baratillo) – flea market (used in Waray Waray as 'bargain sale')
 Barato (Spanish: Barato) – cheap
 Barbero (Spanish: Barbero) – barber
 Barbula (Spanish: Válvula) – valve
 Bareta (Spanish Bareta) – bar
 Bagahe (Spanish: Bagaje) – baggage
 Baho (Spanish : Vaho) – steam (used in Waray Waray as 'foul smell')
 Bintana (Spanish: Ventana) – window
 Bintilador (Spanish: Ventilador) – electric fan
 Birhen (Spanish: Virgen) – virgin
 Bisagra (Spanish: Bisagra) – hinge
 Bisikleta (Spanish: Bicicleta) – bicycle
 Bisitaha (Spanish: Visitar) – to visit
 Botika/Botica/Parmasya/Farmacia - drugstore, pharmacy
 Conbensido (Spanish: Convencido) - convinced
 Demanda (Spanish: Demanda) – demand
 Demokrasiya (Spanish: Democracia) – democracy
 Demonyo (Spanish:Demonio) – demon, evil spirit
 Huygo (Spanish:Juego)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambling'
 Hugador (Spanish:Jugador)- game (used in Waray Waray as 'gambler'
 Dentista (Spanish: Dentista) – dentist
 Departamento (Spanish: Departamento) – department, bureau
 Depensa (Spanish: Defensa) – defense
 Deposito (Spanish: Depósito) – depot (fuel), deposit (money)
 Desisyon (Spanish: Decisión) – decision

 Diyos/a (Spanish: Dios/a) – god/goddess
 Doble (Spanish: Doble) – double
 Doktor/a (Spanish: Doctor/a) – doctor
 Don (Spanish: Don) – Mr. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich man)
 Donya (Spanish: Doña) – Mrs. (used in Waray Waray to address a rich woman)
 Dos (Spanish: Dos) – two
 Dose (Spanish: Doce) – twelve
 Dosena (Spanish: Docena) – dozen
 Drama (Spanish: Drama) – drama
 Droga (Spanish: Droga) – drugs
 Karsonsilyo/Carsoncillo (Spanish: Carsoncillo) – boxer shorts (used in Waray Waray as 'shorts')
 Marigoso (Spanish: Amargoso) - bittermelon
 Padre (Spanish: Padre) - father (used in Waray Waray as a title for a Roman Catholic priest)

Portuguese
 Porta (Portuguese: Porta) - door
 Multo (Portuguese: Morto) - ghost

Nahuatl
 Achuete (Nahuatl: Achiotl; Mexican Spanish: Achiote) – annatto seeds used to give food a reddish color
 Kakao/Kakaw (Cacao) (Nahuatl: Cacahuatl) – cacao or cocoa
 Sayote (Nahuatl: Chayotli; Mexican Spanish: Chayote) – a Mexican squash
 Tiyangge (Nahuatl: Tianquiztli; Mexican Spanish: Tianguis) – seasonal markets
 Tsokolate (Nahuatl: Xocolatl) – chocolate

Chinese
 Bakya (Fukien Chinese) – native wooden sandals
 Bihon – Vermicelli (made of rice flour)
 Bitsin (Fukien Chinese: Bi chhin) – monosodium glutamate
 Jueteng (Fukien Chinese) – illegal numbers game
 Lumpia (Fukien Chinese) – spring rolls

English
 Basket – basket
 Basketbol – basketball
 Basketbulan - basketball court
 Bilib - believe
 Bilyar - billiard
 Bilyaran - billiard hall
 Chiki - check
 Dyeepnee – jeep
 Elementari – elementary
 Ekonomiks - economics
 Eksport – export
 Ekpres - express
 Erkon - air con
 Greyd – grade
 Groseri – grocery
 Hai Skul – High School
 Iskor – score
 Iskrin – screen
 Ispiker - speaker
 Keyk – cake
 Kostomer/Kustomer – customer
 Kompyuter – computer
 Kondisyoner - conditioner
 Kontrol - control
 Krim - cream
 Kukis - cookies
 Lider – leader
 Losyon - lotion
 Manedyer – manager
 Masel – muscle
 Makroekonomiks - macroeconomics
 Maikroekonomiks - microeconomics
 Isparkol - sparkle

Cebuano
 Bana (Cebuano: Bana) - husband

Trivia
 Waray is the only language in the Philippines that uses the inverted question mark (¿...?) and the inverted exclamation point (¡...!). 

Related pages
 Waray Wikipedia

References

Other websites

 Radyo Waraynon - Waraynon Internet Radio Station 
 Waray Museum Blog featuring Waray literature
 Online Lineyte-Samarnon (Waray)-English Dictionary (also with Videos, Photos, Music, News, Local Destinations) 
 Waray lessons 
 Bansa.org Waray Dictionary 
 Ethnologue Report for Waray
 A downloadable Waray dictionary with etymologies and Cebuano, Tagalog cognates by Andras Rajki 
 Waray Explained  (Online Tutorial)

Category:Austronesian languages
Category:Languages of the Philippines