Empress Myeongseong

Empress Myeongseong (25 September 1851 – 20 August 1895), also known as Empress Min, was the official wife of King Gojong. Emperor Gojong was the twenty-sixth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. In 1902, she was given the honorary name of Hyoja Wonseong Jeonghwa Hapcheon Honggong Seongdeok Myeongseong Taehwanghu (Hangul: 효자원성정화합천홍공성덕명성태황후, Hanja: 孝慈元聖正化合天洪功誠德明成太皇后).Gwanbo 관보 [Official Gazette], no. 2,141, Uijeongbu Chongmuguk Gwanbogwa 議政府總務局官報課 [Department of the Official Gazette, Uijeongbu General Bureau], Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Seoul National University, ref. code GK17289_00I0079, http://e-kyujanggak.snu.ac.kr/GAN/GAN_SEOJILST.jsp?ptype=list&subtype=01&lclass=1902&mclass=3&xmlfilename=GK17289_00I0079_0011.xml&nav=7 It is usually shortened to Myeongseong Hwanghu (Hangul: 명성황후, Hanja: 明成皇后).

The Japanese felt that she was being politically unhelpful to them. After China was defeated in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min tried to get help from Russia instead. She wanted to stop Japanese influence from spreading in Joseon, where it was getting stronger.

In South Korea, people have recently begun showing interest in Queen Min. Novels and musicals have been made about her.

 Early life 
Empress Myeongseong (Min Jayoung) was born at 1851, as the daughter of Min Chirok in the province of Gyeonggi. She lost her father when she was eight, and grew in a scanty livelihood. Because the Heungseon Daewongun who was the father of King Gojong and the most powerful politician in that period, wanted the queen who had no political ambition or close relatives who would influence the queen, she was chosen as the queen of the Gojong by the recommendation of Yeoheung Budaebuin who was the mother of the King.

 As a queen 
At first, she was not wecomed in the palace. Her husband already had a concubine, and no one helped her in palace. But she decided to confront with her father-in-law Heungseon Daewongun, because of the heir problem. She started to be active in politics, and made her relatives royal officers. The queen finally forced the Heungseon Daewongun to retire by arguing that Gojong, now twenty-two, should govern in his own right and banished the concubine. However, her policies about foreign countries made complaints from commons, and eventually the army rebelled against her, and for the Heungseon Daewongun to be restored. She evacuated from the palace, and returned by depending on Chinese army.

Death
On October 8, 1895, the queen was murdered by a group of Japanese agents under Miura Gorō. Gorō's one of his men  threw her to the floor, jumped on her chest three times, and slashed and stabbed her with his sword, killing her instantly. She was 43 years old.

In the early morning, Japanese men who said that they were commanded by Gorō went into Gyeongbok Palace. When they went into the Queen's Quarters (Okhoru), they killed three women whom they thought were Empress Myeongseong. When they proved that one of the women was Queen Min, they burned her body in a forest in front of the Okhoru.Byong-Kuk Kim, "Assassination of Empress Myongsong," Korea Times, Dec. 28, 2001

 References 

Category:1851 births
Category:1895 deaths
Category:Empresses consort