Young Poland

Young Poland (in Polish: Młoda Polska) is a period modernist of Polish art, literature and music. This period covered about the years since 1890 until 1918. It was one of the effects of the strong opposition to the ideas of the positivism and developed the nature of decadence, of neoromanticism, of symbolism, of impressionism, and of the Art Nouveau. 

 History 
The expression was known after one of the manifestos written by Artur Górski. The manifesto was published in the daily (newspaper) Życie ("Life"), seated in Cracow, in the year 1898, and was immediately accepted in all the parts of the divided Poland, by analogy with other similar expressions as Young Germany, Young Belgium, Young Scandinavia and so on.

 Literature 
Polish literature of the period was based on two main understandings: 
 The first understanding was the usual modernist state of being disappointed by bourgeoisie, its way of life and its culture. The artists who follow this understanding believed also in the decadence, in the end of all the culture, in the conflict between the people and its civilisation, and in the understanding of art as highest value (in Latin: ars gratia artis). Among other writers there are Kazimierz Przerwa Tetmajer, Stanisław Przybyszewski, Wacław Rolicz-Lieder and Jan Kasprowicz. 
 The second understanding was the continuation of the romanticism, and for this reason is called neoromanticism. The group of writers which followed this idea was less organized and the writers independently covered a wide area of subjects in their writings: from the sense of the mission of the Polish in the prose of Stefan Żeromski to the social inequality described by Władysław Reymont and Gabriela Zapolska, to criticizing the Polish people and to the history of Poland described by Stanisław Wyspiański.

Other important writers of the period were:
 Wacław Berent
 Jan Kasprowicz
 Jan Augustyn Kisielewski
 Antoni Lange
 Jan Lemański
 Bolesław Leśmian
 Tadeusz Miciński
 Andrzej Niemojewski
 Franciszek Nowicki
 Władysław Orkan
 Artur Oppman
 Włodzimierz Perzyński 
 Tadeusz Rittner
 Wacław Sieroszewski
 Leopold Staff
 Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer
 Maryla Wolska
 Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński

 Music 
In music, the expression Young Poland is put into use to an informal group of composers which include Karol Szymanowski, Grzegorz Fitelberg, Ludomir Różycki and probably also Mieczysław Karłowicz. This group worked under the strong influence of the neoromanticism of the music, and especially of composers from another countries as Richard Strauss and Richard Wagner. The composers would be also strong links with The Five, a group of composers Russian which included Modest Musorgski, Alexander Borodin and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

 Art 
In the period of the Young Poland there were not any great artistic currents in Polish art. The painters and the sculptors attempted to continue in the romantic tradition, in bringing new ways of expression already popular in another countries. The more influential current was the Art Nouveau, even if the Polish artists started attempting also new forms of national style. The sculptura just like the painture of the period were strongly influenced by all the forms of the symbolism.

 Main artists of the period
 Olga Boznańska
 Konstanty Brandel
 Xawery Dunikowski
 Julian Fałat
 Jacek Malczewski
 Józef Mehoffer
 Józef Pankiewicz
 Ferdynand Ruszczyc
 Jan Stanisławski
 Władysław Ślewiński
 Wojciech Weiss
 Leon Wyczółkowski
 Stanisław Wyspiański
 Jan Bukowski

 Gallery of Young Poland art 

Category:History of Poland
Category:Art movements