Terracotta Army

The Terracotta Army is the buried army of Qin Shi Huang, an ancient Chinese emperor. These ancient sculptures were built and buried over two thousand years ago near the city of Xi'an.  They were discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well, trying to find underground water. Over a thousand terracotta warriors and horses have been uncovered since then. At least 6,000 more are thought to remain buried still.

According to the Chinese historian Sima Qian, Qin Shi Huang ordered this army to be built long before he became the first Emperor of all China in 221 BC. Work started when he was King of Qin in 247 BC.UNESCO Long description of the Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor.  They were constructed to protect him in the afterlife.  He died in 210 BC. Over 700,000 workers were needed to build the underground city where he was buried. It is thought to be filled with riches and decorated beautifully. The Chinese government has no plans to uncover the underground palace.

Each terracotta warrior is made of clay. They are around 2 meters tall, with commanders in the army being the tallest. The sculptures are so detailed that it is possible to guess the age, rank and personality of each one. None of the soldiers are the same. Some carry weapons such as daggers, bows and arrows, swords, spears or axes.

 Assembly line 
The terracotta army figures were made in workshops. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used, and then clay was added to provide individual facial features.Jane Portal and Qingdao Dan 2007. The first Emperor: China's Terracotta Army. British Museum Press. p170 Once put together, features such as facial expressions were added. 

It is thought their legs were made the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were made at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece and subsequently firing it. In those times, each workshop had to write its name on items produced. Once they were completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.

 Other websites 
 UNESCO World Heritage Site page of the Terracotta Army and the Mausouleum of the Qin Emperor
 References 

Category:World Heritage Sites in China
Category:Ceramics
Category:Afterlife
Category:Statues
Category:Archaeological sites in Asia
Category:220s BC
Category:3rd-century BC works
Category:1974 in Asia
Category:20th century in China