Almohad

The Almohad Caliphate (From Arabic  al-Muwahhidun, i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians") was a Sunni Muslim empire that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all of North Africa as far as Libya, as well as Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).

 History 

Between 1130 and his death in 1163, Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling Almoravids and became ruler over all North Africa as far as Libya. He became emir of Marrakech in 1149 and conquered Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia). In 1170, the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville.

However, by 1212 Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of Castile, Aragón, Navarre and Portugal at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, in the Sierra Morena. The Almohads soon lost nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia soon.

The great Moorish cities of Córdoba and Seville fell into Christian possession in the first half of the 13th century. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa for some time, but they had lost much their territory.

The last representative of the line, Idris II, had only Marrakech left. There, he was murdered by a slave in 1269.

 Muwahhadi (Almohad) Caliphs,1121–1269 
250px|thumb|The Alhomad minaret in Safi 

 Ibn Tumart 1121-1130
 Abd al-Mu'min 1130–1163
 Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I 1163–1184
 Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur 1184–1199
 Muhammad an-Nasir 1199–1213
 Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 1213–1224
 Abd al-Wahid I 1224
 Abdallah al-Adil 1224–1227
 Yahya 1227–1235
 Idris I 1227–1232
 Abdul-Wahid II 1232–1242
 Ali 1242–1248
 Umar 1248–1266
 Idris II 1266–1269

 Culture 
Herte is a list of Sufi writers:
 Sidi Abu Madyan Choaïb ben al-Houssein al-Ansari (1126-1198)
 Ali ibn Harzihim (m.1164)
 Abi Mohammed Salih (1153-1234)
 Abu Abdallah ibn Harzihim (m.1235)
 Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili (1197-1258)
 Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi (b. 1185) historian and writer
 Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi (1204-1285)

Related pages
 History of Islam
 History of Spain
 Nasrid
 Reconquista

 References 

 History of the Almonades, Reinhart Dozy, (second edition, 1881)
 Mica Enciclopedie de Istorie Universala, Marcel D. Popa, Horia C. Matei, (Bucharest, Editura Politica 1988)

 Other websites 
 Historical maps of Almohad Dynasty Maps to be combined and compared
 Almohads Dynasty Berber dynasty

Category:Former countries in Europe
Category:Former countries in Africa
Almohad dynasty
Category:Former empires
Category:1120s establishments
Category:1260s disestablishments
Category:12th-century establishments in Europe
Category:12th-century establishments in Africa
Category:Disestablishments in Europe
Category:2nd-millennium disestablishments in Africa
Category:11th century in Africa
Category:12th century in Africa
Category:13th century in Africa
Category:1120s establishments in Europe