Gironde

Gironde () is a department in the southwest of France. It is named after the Gironde estuary.

The department is in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Its prefecture is Bordeaux.

History
Gironde was formed during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with parts of the old provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.

From July 1793 to April 1795, the department's name was changed to Bec-d'Ambès to avoid the association with the Girondists, a French revolutionary group.

The department was divided into seven districts: Bordeaux, Libourne, La Réole, Bazas, Cadillac, Blaye and Lesparre. Its capital was the city of Bordeaux.

Geography
Gironde is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France, and is the largest department of Metropolitan France with an area of .

There four main zones in the Gironde; they are:
 the coastal zone, including part of the Côte d'Argent ("Silver coast");
 the forest that covers the western half of the department;
 the Bordelais, region around Bordeaux and where the different kinds of Bordeaux wines are produced; and
 the Bazadais, the region around the town of Bazas, in the soutwest of the department and where farming is very important.

The department is bordered by the departments: Charente-Maritime, Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne and Landes. The Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Biscay) is to the west of the department.

The main rivers in the department are the Dordogne and the Garonne rivers; the two rivers form, after their confluence, the Gironde estuary, the largest estuary of France.

 Climate 
The climate in Bordeaux is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.

The average temperature for the year in Bordeaux is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Bordeaux is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Administration
Gironde is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is managed by the Departmental Council of Gironde in Bordeaux.

Administrative divisions
There are 6 arrondissements (districts), 33 cantons and 538 communes (municipalities) in Gironde.
 INSEEcode  Arrondissement  Capital  Population(2014) Area(km²)  Density(Inh./km²)  Communes 331  Blaye  Blaye  88,115  782.4    63 332  Bordeaux  Bordeaux  921,668  1,521.8    82 333  Langon  Langon  130,911  2,644.3    197 334  Lesparre-Médoc  Lesparre-Médoc  86,560  2,274.4    50 335  Libourne  Libourne  152,602  1,282.9    129 336  Arcachon  Arcachon  146,160  1,469.8    17

The following is a list of the 33 cantons of the Gironde department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Andernos-les-Bains (3301)
 Bordeaux-1 (3302)
 Bordeaux-2 (3303)
 Bordeaux-3 (3304)
 Bordeaux-4 (3305)
 Bordeaux-5 (3306)
 Le Bouscat (3307)
 La Brède (3308)
 Cenon (3309)
 Les Coteaux de Dordogne (3310)
 Créon (3311)
 L'Entre-Deux-Mers (3312)
 L'Estuaire (3313)
 Gujan-Mestras (3314)
 Les Landes des Graves (3315)
 Le Libournais-Fronsadais (3316)
 Lormont (3317)
 Mérignac-1 (3318)
 Mérignac-2 (3319)
 Le Nord-Gironde (3320)
 Le Nord-Libournais (3321)
 Le Nord-Médoc (3322)
 Pessac-1 (3323)
 Pessac-2 (3324)
 Les Portes du Médoc (3325)
 La Presqu'île (3326)
 Le Réolais et Les Bastides (3327)
 Saint-Médard-en-Jalles (3328)
 Le Sud-Gironde (3329)
 Le Sud-Médoc (3330)
 Talence (3331)
 La Teste-de-Buch (3332)
 Villenave-d'Ornon (3333)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Gironde are known, in French, as Girondins (women: Girondines).

The department of Gironde has a population, in 2014, of 1,526,016, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Bordeaux, with 921,668 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The arrondissements of Blaye and Lesparre-Médoc are those with less people, with 88,115 and 86,560 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Gironde

The main cities in the department are:

 City Population(2014) Arrondissement Bordeaux  246,586  Bordeaux Mérignac  69,301  Bordeaux Pessac  61,514  Bordeaux Talence 41,182  Bordeaux Villenave-d'Ornon  31,027  Bordeaux Saint-Médard-en-Jalles  29,779  Bordeaux Bègles  26,437  Bordeaux La Teste-de-Buch  25,990  Arcachon Gradignan  24,841  Bordeaux Libourne  24,595  Libourne
Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Gironde department
 Communes of the Gironde department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council of Gironde  
 Prefecture official website  
 Agence de Développement Touristique de la Gironde