Cantal

Cantal is a French department in south-central France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its prefecture is Aurillac.

It is named after the Mounts of Cantal, a group of mountains in the Massif Central.

History
Cantal is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created with part of the territory of the old province of Auvergne in south central France. It was divided in four districts: Aurillac, Mauriac, Murat and Saint-Flour; its capital in Saint-Flour, alternating with Aurillac.

In 1794, Saint-Flour became the only capital but, in 1795, the capital was moved to Aurillac.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the districts were changed into arrondissements: Aurillac, Mauriac, Murat and Saint-Flour. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Murat was eliminated.

Geography
Cantal is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in south central France, with an area of .

The department borders with 3 regions and 7 other departments:
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Puy-de-Dôme (north)
 Haute-Loire (northeast)
 Occitanie region 
 Aveyron (south)
 Lot (southwest)
 Lozère (southeast)
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
  Corrèze (west)

Cantal is in the middle half of the central plateau (Massif Central) of France where is the Mounts of Cantal mountain range, a group of extinct volcanoes. The highest point in the Cantal mountains, and in the department is Plomb du Cantal () that is  high. Other high mountains near Plomb du Cantal in the Cantal department are:
 Puy du Rocher (),  high;
 Puy de Peyre Arse (),  high; and
 Puy Mary (),  high.

The lowest point of the department, , is in the valley of the Lot river where it leaves the department.

The main rivers are the Alagnon, a tributary to the Allier; the Célé and Truyère rivers, tributaries to the Lot river; and the Cère and Rhue rivers, tributaries to the Dordogne river.

Climate
The climate of Cantal has with few extremes of temperature and ample precipitation in all months. It belongs to the subtype Cfb (Marine West Coast Climate) in the Köppen climate classification.

The average temperature for the year in Aurillac, at an altitude of , is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Aurillac is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is June with an average of .

Administration
Cantal is part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Cantal in Aurillac.

Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 15 cantons and 255 communes (municipalities) in Cantal.

 INSEEcode  Arrondissement  Capital  Population(2014)  Area(km²)  Density(Inh./km²)  Communes 151 Aurillac  Aurillac 82,347  1,937    94 152 Mauriac  Mauriac  26,192  1,278    55 153 Saint-Flour  Saint-Flour  38,079  2,511    106

The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Cantal department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Arpajon-sur-Cère (1501)
 Aurillac-1 (1502)
 Aurillac-2 (1503)
 Causses-Rougiers (1504)
 Mauriac (1505)
 Maurs (1506)
 Murat (1507)
 Naucelles (1508)
 Neuvéglise (1509)
 Riom-ès-Montagnes (1510)
 Saint-Flour-1 (1511)
 Saint-Flour-2 (15012)
 Saint-Paul-des-Landes (15013)
 Vic-sur-Cère (1514)
 Ydes (1514)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Cantal are known, in French, as Cantaliens (women: Cantaliennes) or Cantalous (women: Cantalouses).

Cantal has a population, in 2014, of 146,618, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Aurillac, with 82,347 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Saint-Flour and Mauriac, have respectively 38,079 and 26,192 inhabitants.

The city with more people living in it is the capital, Aurillac (26,135). The subprefectures of Saint-Flour and Mauriac have, respectively, 6,643 and 3,682 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Cantal

The 10 most important cities in the department are:
 City  Population(2014) Arrondissement Aurillac  26,135  Aurillac Saint-Flour  6,643  Saint-Flour Arpajon-sur-Cère  6,233  Aurillac Ytrac  4,121  Aurillac Mauriac  3,682  Mauriac Riom-ès-Montagnes  2,661  Mauriac Maurs  2,170  Aurillac Jussac  2,010  Aurillac Naucelles  1,942  Aurillac Vic-sur-Cère  1,917  Aurillac

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Cantal department
 Communes of the Cantal department

References

Other websites

 Departamental Council website 
 Prefecture website