Phosgene

100px|thumb|Chemical note
Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2.  Phosgene gas is colorless and was used as a weapon during World War I. It caused most of the deaths related to poison gas during the war. 

Today, phosgene is used for organic synthesis. Small amounts of phosgene are produced when certain compounds of chlorine and carbon burn or break down.Wolfgang Schneider and Werner Diller "Phosgene" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a19_411. Article Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000

 Uses 
Today, most phosgene is an ingredient in plastics. Phosgene reacts with bisphenol A or similar chemicals (diols) to make polycarbonates. Polycarbonates are an important class of engineering thermoplastic. They can be found in lenses in eyeglasses. 

Phosgene also reacts with amines to make isocyanates, especially toluene diioscyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). These chemical compounds are used to make polyurethanes. These are a class of materials with many different uses, especially foams, fibers, and coatings.

Safety
Phosgene is a strong poison. As a gas, it is colorless. Humans cannot see phosgene gas until it reaches a concentration of 0.4 parts per million, which is four times the safe amount. Small amounts of phosgene gas smell like freshly cut hay, grass, or May Blossom.

Signs of phosgene exposure sometimes appear slowly. People at risk of exposure may wear badges to identify themselves.

Sodium bicarbonate can make spills of phosgene harmless. Spills of phosgene gas can be made harmless with a special liquid spray.

 Action 
Phosgene damages the proteins in the pulmonary sac of the lungs, where oxygen passes into the bloodstream. This makes it hard for the blood and air to exchange oxygen and carbon.  This makes breathing very hard.  

 Other websites 
 Davy's account of his discovery of phosgene
 International Chemical Safety Card 0007
 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 U.S. CDC Emergency Preparedness & Response 
 U.S. EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
 Regime For Schedule 3 Chemicals And Facilities Related To Such Chemicals , OPCW website
 CBWInfo website 
 Use of Phosgene in WWII and in modern-day warfare  (Refer to Section 4.C of the article)
 Phosgene -Citizendium

References

Category:Chemical warfare
Category:Organochlorides
Category:Oxychlorides
Category:Carbonyl compounds