Hadron

A hadron, in particle physics, is any subatomic (smaller than the atom) particle or antiparticle which is made of quarks. 

Quarks are fundamental particles which among other properties have an electrical charge and a name (e.g. 'up', 'down', 'strange'). The electrical charge of a single quark is always a fraction (e.g. 2/3). Quarks combine to make a hadron of integer charge; for example, the charges of two 'down' quarks and one 'up' quark combine like  to make a neutrally charged neutron. Quarks do not appear alone, they exist in groups and are held together by the strong nuclear force. The word to describe the different types of quarks is flavours. According to the current standard model there are 6 flavours of quarks. There are two known ways quarks can combine, to give the two categories of hadrons:
 baryons, which are made of three quarks.
 mesons, which are made of one quark and one anti-quark.
Hadrons are also characterized by being affected by the strong nuclear force, which holds them tightly together over a short distance. At the center of an atom is a nucleus (a cluster of protons and neutrons). 

 List of hadrons 
 Known to exist 
 Baryons 
 Proton, with quark structure uud ('up up down', referring to the three quarks making up the proton.)
 Neutron, with quark structure udd ('up down down')

 Mesons 
 Pion
 Kaon
These are the most commonly discussed hadrons. There are many more: complete list of baryons, complete list of mesons.

 Not yet known to exist 
 Tetraquark
 Pentaquark
These are predictions for different ways quarks may be put together. There is not any solid evidence for them existing yet.

References

Category:Subatomic particles