Linux distribution

Linux distributions (often abbreviated as distros) are made of the Linux kernel and a collection of applications. The operating system will be made up of the Linux kernel and, usually, a set of libraries and utilities from the GNU project, with graphics that come from the X Window System. Small distributions may not contain big window systems full of features like KDE or GNOME, but use small window systems like busybox, uclibc or dietlibc. There are more than three hundred Linux distributions. Most of them are still in development, constantly being improved and changed.

 History 
Before the first Linux distributions, a user needed to be an expert on UNIX, knowing what libraries and executables were needed to get the system to boot and run.

Linux distributions started to form after the Linux kernel began to be used by people besides the first Linux programmers.

Early distributions included: 

 H J Lu's "Boot-root" a two disk pair with the kernel and the absolute minimal tools to get started.
 MCC Interim Linux, which was made available to the public for download on the FTP server of University of Manchester in February, 1992;
 TAMU, created by individuals at Texas A&M University about the same time, and 
 SLS (Softlanding Linux System). 
 Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X, created the first CD-ROM based Linux distribution.

SLS was not well-maintained, so Patrick Volkerding created a distribution based on SLS, which he called Slackware; released July 16, 1993.The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Release Announcement This is the oldest being developed.

People who used computers wanted to use Linux distributions as replacements to Microsoft Windows operating systems on the PC, Mac OS on the Apple Macintosh and proprietary versions of Unix.

 Package management 
Distributions are normally split into packages. Each package has a certain application or service. Examples of packages include a collection of fonts, or a web browser.

The package is usually given as compiled code, with installation and removal of packages done by a package management system. 
Linux distributions usually contain much more software than Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X.

Popular distributions 
Well-known Linux distributions include: 	 

 Debian	 
 Arch	 
 Fedora 
 Gentoo
 Knoppix, a Live CD 
 Mandriva
 openSUSE
 PCLinuxOS 
 Slackware
 Ubuntu

Tools for choosing a Linux distribution
There are tools available to help people make the decision easier. 

Screenshots of common distributions
A few screenshots of common distributions just after installation: 

Related pages
 List of Linux distributions
 Live CD

 References 

 Other websites 
 Distribution Reviews
 Hardware support by Linux distribution 
 Linux Distribution Chooser  by Zegenie Studios
 The Linux Mirror Project  Download Linux Distributions over BitTorrent