Ariège (department)

Ariège (; ) is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France; it is named after the Ariège river that flows through the department.

Its capital is the city of Foix but the city with the largest population is Pamiers.

History
The department was inhabited in prehistoric times, as evidenced by the presence of caves with cave paintings and dolmens. In historical times it was inhabited by Basque people; they settled on the northern side of the Pyrenees and in the valleys below. In 415 it became part of the kingdom of the Visigoths, until their defeat at the hands of the king of the Franks in 507.

Ariège was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Ariège was created combining the countiesIn this case, "county" () means "land under a count (the British earl)". of Foix (Languedoc) and Couserans (Gascogne).

Geography
Ariège is part of the Occitanie region and has an area of .

The department is surrounded by the French departments of Haute-Garonne to the west and north, Aude to the east, and Pyrénées-Orientales in the southeast, as well as Spain (Lleida) and Andorra in the south.

Natural regions
There are three main natural regions in the department:
 The Ariège plain. The north of the department consists of plains, small hills and low valleys where agriculture is an important activity. Two major rivers, the Ariège and the Lèze, flow through the plain from south to north.
 The Pyrenean foothills. This area includes the small mountains and hills below .
 The Ariége high country. The geography is dominated by the Pyrenees mountains exceeding  above sea level which form the border between France and Spain.

The highest mountain in the department is the Pica d'Estats () that is  high and is on the Spain-France border. Other high mountains are the peak of Montcalm (3,077 m) and the Pic de Sotllo (3,072 m).

The main river is the Ariège river, a tributary of the Garonne river. Another important river is the Lèze, a tributary of the Ariège.

Climate
Two main types of climate are found in Ariège:

Mediterranean – particularly visible in the vegetation of the foothills and of the valley of the Ariège river towards Tarascon, and in the Sault country
Continental – in the Pyrenean valleys, with many storms and big differences of temperature between day and night

Temperatures are mild in the foothills, e.g. at the city of Foix (400 metres) the average is 5 °C in January and 19 °C in July. However, they decline rapidly with elevation, e.g. at l'Hospitalet-près-l'Andorre (1,430 m) it is 0 °C in January and 14 °C in July.

Administration
The department is managed by the Departamental Council of the Ariège in Foix. Ariège is part of the region of Occitanie.

Administrative divisions
There are 3 arrondissements (districts), 13 cantons and 332 communes (municipalities) in Ariège.

 INSEEcode  Arrondissement  Capital  Population(2014)  Area(km²)  Density(Inh./km²)  Communes 091  Foix  Foix  51,473  2,077.8   135 092  Pamiers  Pamiers  73,702  1,315.0   115 093  Saint-Girons  Saint-Girons  27,399  1,497.2    82

The following is a list of the 13 cantons of the Ariège department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Haute-Ariège (0901)
 Arize-Lèze (0902)
 Couserans Est (0903)
 Couserans Ouest (0904)
 Foix (0905)
 Mirepoix (0906)
 Pamiers-1 (0907)
 Pamiers-2 (0908)
 Pays d'Olmes (0909)
 Portes d'Ariège (0910)
 Portes du Couserans (0911)
 Sabarthès (0912)
 Val d'Ariège (0913)

Demographics
The inhabitants of Ariège are known, in French, as ariègeois (women: ariègeoises).

Ariège has a population, in 2014, of 152,574, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Pamiers, with 73,702 inhabitants, is by far the one with more inhabitants. The other two, Foix and Saint-Girons, have respectively 51,473 and 27,399 inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Ariège

About 25% of the population lives in the four communes with 6,000 or more inhabitants.

The 10 most important cities in the department are:

 City  Population(2014) Arrondissement Pamiers  15,518  Pamiers Foix  9,721  Foix Saint-Girons  6,284  Saint-Girons Lavelanet  6,245  Foix Saverdun  4,658  Pamiers Mazères  3,810  Pamiers Varilhes  3,328  Pamiers Tarascon-sur-Ariège  3,322  Foix Mirepoix  3,148  Pamiers La Tour-du-Crieu  3,071  Pamiers

 Economy 
Agriculture is an important activity in Ariege. Only a small part of its territory is used by farmers; only , 27% of its total area, are used for agriculture in the Ariege.

The Ariège plain is the most fertile area of the department; here farmers grow maize, wheat, sunflower and other crops. The other natural regions are not good for agriculture and are covered with forests or are used for pastures for sheep, cattle and horses.

In the Ax valleys, the mining of talc is the most typical activity. This industry is supplemented by tourism for winter sports.

Hydroelectric production is about one-fifth of the production in the Pyrenees. The hydroelectric plant at Aston has the largest annual production capacity in the Pyrenees.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Ariège department
 Communes of the Ariège department

Notes

References

Other websites

 Departamental Council of the Ariège  
 Ariège 2020 - agenda 21  
 Prefecture website 
 The Ariège Pyrenees 
 Ariege Pyrenees Tourism 
 Pays des Portes d'Ariège-Pyrénées 
 Histariège - Histoire et Patrimoine de l'Ariège