Strike action

A strike action (or simply a strike) is when many workers stop working in protest.  Strikes are usually done by a labor union to get better pay, hours, or working conditions.  They became important during the Industrial Revolution, when many worked in factories and mines. In many countries, it is against the law to strike.  In other countries, people who strike are protected under certain conditions.

Strikes generally take the form of a picket line.  The workers walk in front of where they work, chanting and holding signs.  Workers on strike usually do not stop people from crossing the picket line.  However, some people will not cross a picket line to buy something from the company.  This is a way of showing solidarity (or support) for the union.  Most unions will also not cross a picket line and do business with companies on strike.  For example, members of the Teamsters, a truck driving union, will not deliver to a business that is on strike.  

History
The first known strike was in the 12th century B.C., in Egypt.  Workers under Ramses III stopped working on the Necropolis until they were treated better.François Daumas, (1969). Ägyptische Kultur im Zeitalter der Pharaonen, pp. 309. Knaur Verlag, Munich  The word gets its name from modern times: in 1768, sailors in London "struck" or removed the sails of trade ships at port.  

In 1917, the Mexican Constitution was the first to make sure that workers had the right to strike.

Types of strikes
Wildcat strike
A wildcat strike is a strike that is not approved by the labor union.  Wildcat strikes are not always protected like union-approved strikes are. 
Sympathy strike
A sympathy strike is a strike that is done to support another group of workers on strike.  
Slowdown strike
A slowdown strike is when the workers are still working, but very slowly.  It is usually done when workers are not allowed to have a full strike.
Green ban
A green ban is a strike that is done to get the company to adopt more environmentally friendly practices.

Strikes in the law
Despite, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ensure the right to strike,International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 8, (d) many countries do not allow workers to strike at all, but some allow it under certain conditions.

United States
In the United States, people who work for the Federal Government are not allowed to strike.  Some states, like New York, do not allow people who work for the state government (including teachers) to strike.  Railroad and airline workers are not allowed to strike, except under certain conditions.

Strike breaking
When a strike is called, a government may try to stop it by calling in the police or the military.  The threat of force is sometimes enough to get the workers to stop.  This happened in the Seattle General Strike of 1919, when over three thousand marines, sailors, and police officers were called into the city by the mayor of Seattle and the Attorney General of Washington.

The owners of a company may also decide to hire new workers.  This may cost less than giving into the demands of the workers.  This is another way of breaking the strike.  These workers, called "scabs" by strikers, are often yelled at as they pass through the picket line.  Many unions say that workers who helped break a strike by crossing the picket line are not allowed to be in the union.  If the company is a union shop (meaning that only union workers can work there) this means that helping break a strike could get a worker fired from that company forever.

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