Piltdown Man

Piltdown Man (Eoanthropus dawsoni) was once thought to be a "missing link" between man and ape. The first Piltdown fragments were discovered in 1912. Thereafter, over 500 scientific essays were written on the Piltdown Man in a 40-year period. The discovery was proven to be a deliberate hoax in 1953.

 The fossil remains 
The Piltdown remains were purposefully scattered around a quarry in Piltdown, England, so that they could be "discovered" later as evidence for evolution and the development of man from ape. 

All of the fossil remains were stained with an iron sulfate solution. 

 Skulls 
The Piltdown fragments included two human skulls, both around 620 years old, according to Sir Kenneth Oakley. They had been treated with acid.

They may have belonged to Ona Indians from Patagonia, as the skulls were unusually thick. Thick skulls are a common trait among Ona Indians.

 Other bones 
The Piltdown fragments also consisted of:

 An orangutan jaw, around 500 years old, perhaps from Sarawak
 An elephant molar, thought to be from Tunisia, which was filed down
 A hippopotamus tooth, thought to have come from Malta or Sicily
 A canine tooth from a Pleistocene chimpanzee, painted brown and patched with bubble gum

The portion of the orangutan jaw that connected the jaw to its skull was carefully broken so as not to show evidence that this jaw did not belong to a human skull.

 The perpetrators 
The Piltdown Man hoax is thought to have been perpetrated by Charles Dawson, an archaeologist, geologist and fossil collector for the British Museum. However, no one is quite certain who was involved. There are a number of other suspects, including Sir Arthur Smith Woodward, Keeper of the British Museum's Natural History department, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a paleontologist and Jesuit theologian.

 References 
 The Times, November 21, 1953; November 23, 1953
 The hoax exposed: The Piltdown Forgery by Joseph Weiner 1954
 The case against Smith: The Piltdown Man by Ronald Millar 1972
 The Dawson evidence: Unraveling Piltdown by John Evangelist Walsh 1996

Category:Fossils
Category:Hominins
Category:Hoaxes