List of victims of Nazism

Millions of people were arrested, tortured or murdered by the Nazis. This is a list of victims of Nazism who were famous for some reason.

This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, lost their lives as a result of Nazism. This list includes those whose deaths were part of The Holocaust as well as people who died in other ways at the hands of the Nazis during World War II. People who died in concentration camps are listed alongside those who were murdered by the National Socialists or those who chose suicide for political motives or to avoid being murdered.

This list is sorted by occupation and within by nationality.

 Literature and publishing 
Name BornDiedHow they diedWhere they diedNationality  Achievements Else Feldmann  18841942  Austrian  writer and journalist Egon Friedell  18781938  Austrian  writer and philosopher Peter Hammerschlag  19021942  Austrian  writer and graphic artist Stefan Zweig   1942suicideBrazil  Austrian  writer Jura Soyfer  19121939Buchenwald  Austrian  journalist, writer Yitzhak Katzenelson  18861944  Belarusian  teacher, writer Petr Ginz  19281944  Czech  editor of Vedem Julius Fučík  19031943  Czech  resistance leader Milena Jesenská  1944 Ravensbrück  Czech  journalist Paul Kornfeld  18891942  Czech  writer Karel Poláček  18921944  Czech  writer Vladislav Vančura  18911942 Prague  Czech  writer, doctor Etty Hillesum  19141943 Auschwitz  Dutch  writer, diary author Helga Deen  19251943  Dutch  author of a published diary Benjamin Fondane  18981944  French  poet, literary critic Walter Benjamin  18921940  German  literary critic and philosopher Felix Fechenbach  18941933  German  journalist and activist Walter Hasenclever  18901940  German  expressionist writer Jakob van Hoddis  1942 Sobibór  German Jew  writer Jochen Klepper  1942 suicide  Berlin  German  writer Erich Knauf  1944  Brandenburg  German  journalist, poet Adam Kuckhoff  1943  Berlin-Plötzensee  German  writer, dramatist, resistance fighter Erich Mühsam  1934 Oranienburg  German Jew  writer, anarchist Willi Münzenberg  1940 suicide/murder France  German  publisher, politician Friedrich Münzer  18681942  German  philologist Carl von Ossietzky  1938 Berlin  German  publicist Erich Salomon  1944 Auschwitz  German  photojournalist Libertas Schulze-Boysen  1942 Berlin-Plötzensee  German  film critic, resistance fighter Miklós Radnóti  19091944  Hungarian  poet Antal Szerb  19011945  Hungarian  writer, literary scholar Mordechai Gebirtig  18771942  Polish Jew  Yiddish poet, musician and composer Bruno Schulz  18921942  Polish  writer Wilhelm Eduard Schmid  1934  German  music critic Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger  1942  Romanian Jew  writer David Vogel  1944/5Auschwitz  Russian Jew  Hebrew writer Anton de Kom  1945 Neuengamme  Surinamese  author, human rights activist Irène Némirovsky  1942 Auschwitz  Ukrainian Jew  writer Margot Frank  16 February 1926  March 1945 German Jew  Writer  Anne Frank 12 June 1929  March 1945  BelsenGerman Jew  Writer

 Theatre and film 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Hana Brady  1931-1944  Czech  girl portrayed in Hana's Suitcase: A True Story René Blum  1878-1942  French  founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra à Monte Carlo Ernst Arndt  died 1942/3 Treblinka  German  writer and poet Maria Bard  died 1944 suicide, Berlin?  German  actress (suicide) Kurt Gerron  died 1944 Auschwitz  German Jew  performer, actor, film director Dora Gerson  died 1943 Auschwitz  German Jew  actress, cabaret singer Joachim Gottschalk  died 1941 suicide, Berlin  German  actor Joseph Schmidt  died 1942 Gyrenbad  Ukrainian Jew  singer, actor

 Visual arts and design 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Friedl Dicker-Brandeis  1896-1944  Austrian  artist Felix Nussbaum  1904-1944  Austrian  painter Josef Čapek  died 1945 Bergen-Belsen  Czech  painter, draughtsman, illustrator, writer Samuel J. de Mesquita
  1868-1944  Dutch  painter and designer Abraham Icek Tuschinski  1886-1942  Dutch  designer of the Tuschinski Theater Max Jacob  1876-1944  French  artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner  died 1938 suicide, Davos  German  painter Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler  died 1940 Aktion T4 victim, Pirna  German  painter Charlotte Salomon  1917-1943 Auschwitz  German  painter Jan Rubczak  1884-1942  Polish  painter, graphic artist Nicolaus Rossini  1898-1943 Kraków-Płaszów  Polish  artist, wartime hero

 Music 
See also: List of composers influenced by the Holocaust

 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Alma Rosé  1906-1944 Auschwitz  Austrian  violinist, conductor Marcel Tyberg  1893-1944 Auschwitz  Austrian  composer, pianist, conductor Pavel Haas  1899-1944 Auschwitz  Czech  composer Gideon Klein  1919-1945 Auschwitz  Czech  composer Hans Krása  1899-1944 Auschwitz  Czech (Bohemian)  composer Erwin Schulhoff  1894-1942  Czech  composer, jazz pianist Viktor Ullmann  1898-1944  Czech  composer, pianist Leo Smit  1900-1943  Dutch  composer Karlrobert Kreiten  1916-1943 Berlin-Plötzensee  German  pianist

 Humanities 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Mildred Harnack  died 1943 Berlin-Plötzensee  American  literary historian, translator, resistance fighter Elise Richter  died 1943 Theresienstadt  Austrian Jew  Romance philology professor Simon Dubnow  1860-1941  Belarusian Jew  historian, writer, activist Norbert Jokl  1877-1942  Czech  albanologist Marc Bloch  1886-1944 Saint-Didier-de-Formans  French  historian, resistance leader Maurice Halbwachs  1877-1945  French  philosopher Georges Politzer  1902-1942  French  philosopher Walter Benjamin  died 1940 suicide to avoid extradition, Portbou  German  philosopher Friedrich Münzer  died 1942 Theresienstadt  German Jew  classical scholar

 Mathematics 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Georg Alexander Pick  1859-1943  Austrian  Pick's theorem Felix Hausdorff  died 1942 suicide, Bonn  German  one of the founders of modern topology Friedrich Hartogs  died 1943 suicide, Großhesselohe  German Jew  foundational work in set theory Robert Remak  died 1942 Auschwitz  German  Adolf Lindenbaum  died 1941 Ghetto Vilnius  Polish  work in set theory Antoni Łomnicki  1881-1941  Polish  Stanisław Ruziewicz  1889-1941  Polish  Ruziewicz problem Stanisław Saks  died 1942 murdered in prison by the Gestapo, Warsaw  Polish  work in measure theory Włodzimierz Stożek  1883-1941  Polish  Alfred Tauber  died 1942 Theresienstadt  Slovakian  Tauberian theorems

 Natural sciences 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Ernst Cohen  1869-1944  Dutch  chemist, work on the allotropy of metals Walter Arndt  died 1944 executed, Brandenburg  German  zoologist

 Medicine, psychology, paedagogy 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Adolf Reichwein  died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee  German  doctor, educator, politician Elisabeth von Thadden  died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee  German  educator Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński  1874-1941  Polish  paediatrician, poet, translator Antoni Cieszyński  1882-1941  Polish  physician, dentist, surgeon Władysław Dobrzaniecki  1897-1941  Polish  physician, surgeon Janusz Korczak  1878-1942 Treblinka  Polish Jew  doctor, child physician, wartime hero

 Law, business 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Maurice Halbwachs  died 1945 Buchenwald  French  sociologist, economist, philosopher, developer of collective memory Elisabeth de Rothschild  1902-1945  French  wife of Baron Philippe de Rothschild Klaus Bonhoeffer  died 1945 executed, Berlin  German  jurist, resistance fighter Hans von Dohnanyi  died 1945 executed, Sachsenhausen  German  jurist, resistance fighter Reinhold Frank  died 1945 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee  German  lawyer, member of July 20 Plot Martin Gauger  died 1941 NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein  German  jurist, pacifist, member of the Kreisau Circle Franz Kaufmann  1886-1944  German  jurist Helmuth James Graf von Moltke  d. 1945 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee  German  jurist, founder of the Kreisau Circle Karl Sack  d. 1945 executed, Flossenbürg  German  jurist, member of the July 20 plot Rüdiger Schleicher  d. 1945 executed, Berlin  German  resistance fighter Kazimierz Proszyński  1875-1945  Polish  inventor

 Theology, spirituality, religion 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Kai Munk  d. 1944, murdered by an SS-Sonderkommando, Hørbylunde/Denmark  Danish  theologian, playwright Dietrich Bonhoeffer  1906-1945  German  Lutheran pastor, theologian Regina Jonas  d. 1944 Auschwitz  German Jew  woman Rabbi Jochen Klepper  d. 1942 suicide shortly before deportation, Berlin  German  theologian, journalist Friedrich Lorenz  d. 1944 executed, Halle an der Saale  German  priest, member of Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate Rupert Mayer  1876-1945  German  Jesuit priest Paul Schneider  d. 1939 Buchenwald  German  clergyman Edith Stein  1891-1942  German  nun, Catholic saint (born Jewish) Sándor Büchler  1869-1944  Hungarian  rabbi, historian Avraham Yitzchak Bloch  1891-1941  Lithuanian  Chief Rabbi, rosh yeshiva of the Telz Yeshiva Elchonon Wasserman  1875-1941  Lithuanian  rabbi, rosh yeshiva Azriel Rabinowitz  1905-1941  Lithuanian  rabbi, rosh yeshiva at the Telz Yeshiva Shimon Shkop  1860-1940  Lithuanian  rosh yeshiva, Talmudic scholar Maximilian Kolbe  1894-1941 (Auschwitz)  Polish  friar, Catholic saint Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski  1913-1945 (Dachau)  Polish priest Karl Ernst Krafft  died 1945 during transport to Buchenwald  Swiss  astrologer, occultist

 Sport 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Alfred Flatow  1869-1942  German  gymnast; 3-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist Gustav Flatow  1875-1945  German  gymnast; 2-time Olympic gold medalist Bronisław Czech  1908-1944  Polish  skier: Olympian János Garay (fencer)  1889-1945  Hungarian  fencer; Olympic gold, silver, and bronze medalist Oszkár Gerde  1883-1944  Hungarian  fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist Otto Herschmann  1877-1942  Austrian  fencer & swimmer; 2-time Olympic silver medalist Roman Kantor  1912-1943  Polish  fencer; Olympian Janusz Kusociński  1907-1940 executed in Palmiry  Polish  athlete;1932 Los Angeles men's athletics gold medalist Salo Landau  1903-1944  Dutch  chess player Vera Menchik  1906-1944  British-Czech  chess player; world champion Victor Perez  1911-1945  Tunisian  boxer; world flyweight champion Attila Petschauer  1904-1943  Hungarian  fencer; 2-time Olympic gold medalist & 1-time silver medalist Werner Seelenbinder  1904-1944 executed, Brandenburg an der Havel  German  wrestler; Olympian Johann Wilhelm Trollmann  1907-1943 Neuengamme German  boxer; German national champion

 Politics, resistance 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Edgar André  died 1936 executed, Hamburg   Communist Friedrich Aue  died 1944 executed, Brandenburg   Communist Judith Auer  died 1944 executed, Berlin   resistance fighter Bernhard Bästlein  died 1944 executed, Brandenburg   Communist Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff  died 1945 murdered in custody, Berlin   diplomat Cato Bontjes van Beek  died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   resistance fighter Rudolf Breitscheid  died 1944 Buchenwald   Social democrat Hans Coppi  died 1942 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   resistance fighter Hilde Coppi  died 1943 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   resistance fighter Otto Eggerstedt  died 1933 Esterwegen   Social democrat Fritz Elsas  died 1945 Sachsenhausen   politician Georg Elser  died 1945 executed, Dachau   manual labourer, Rotfront-Kämpfer Yitzhak Gitterman  died 1943 fighting in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising  Polish  Politician, Director of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Carl Friedrich Goerdeler  died 1945 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   Mayor of Leipzig, Putschist Herschel Grynszpan  died Ort and Datum unbekannt, wahrscheinlich im Gestapo-Gefängnis Berlin-Moabit Polish Jew  resistance fighter Max Habermann  died 1944 im Gefängnis von Gifhorn   trade unionist Albrecht Haushofer  died 1945 executed, Berlin-Moabit German  diplomat, writer Rudolf Henning  died 1944 executed, Sachsenhausen   Rudolf Hilferding  died 1941 in Gestapo-Haft, Paris   Social democrat Otto Hirsch  died 1941 Mauthausen concentration camp   Representation of German Jews Camill Hoffmann  died 1944 Auschwitz   diplomat, writer Martin Hoop  died 1933 Zwickau   Communist, District Leader KPD, Saxony Franz Jacob  died 1944 executed, Brandenburg   Communist Walter Krämer  died 1941 "shot while trying to escape", KZ Goslar   Communist Marian Kudera  died 1944 executed, Dachau   resistance fighter Albert Kuntz  died 1945 Nordhausen an den Folgen der Folter   Communist Ludwig Landmann  died 5 March 1945, Versteck verhungert   DDP Politician, Mayor of Frankfurt am Main Julius Leber  died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   Socialist Wilhelm Leuschner  died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   Politician Marinus van der Lubbe  died 1934, Leipzig Dutch  Council Communist August Lütgens  died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona   Communist Rosa Manus  died 1943 Ravensbrück   Women's rights advocate Walter Möller  died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona   Communist Ottilie Pohl  died 1942 Theresienstadt   resistance fighter Fritz Pröll  died 1944 suicide due to threatened torture, Nordhausen   resistance fighter Anton Saefkow  died 1944 executed, Zuchthaus Brandenburg   Communist, resistance fighter Ernst Schneller  died 1944 executed, Sachsenhausen   KPD Politician Werner Scholem  died 1940 Buchenwald   Communist Hans Scholl  died 1943 executed, Munich-Stadelheim Prison German  resistance fighter, medical student Sophie Scholl  died 1943 executed, München-Stadelheim  German  resistance fighter, student Bruno Tesch  died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona   Communist Ernst Thälmann  died 1944 executed, Buchenwald   KPD Politician Mathias Thesen  died 1944 executed, Sachsenhausen   Adam von Trott zu Solz  died 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   diplomat Karl Wolff  died 1933 executed, Amtsgericht Altona   Communist Richard Schmitz  died 1938  Austrian  mayor of Vienna Georges Mandel  1885-1944  French  politician, resistance leader Victor Basch  1877-1945  French  esthetician, politician Jenő Deutsch  
  1879-1944  Hungarian  social democratic politician  Kazimierz Bartel  1882-1941  Polish  Prime Minister of Poland 1926-1930 Stefan Rowecki  1895-1944  Polish  general, journalist, leader of the Armia Krajowa Stefan Starzyński  1893-1943  Polish  politician, economist, writer, statesman

 Military 
 Name  Lifespan  Nationality  Achievements Erich Fellgiebel  d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee  German  officer and resistance fighter in the Third Reich Ludwig Beck  d. 1944 shot, Berlin  German  General, Putschist Werner von Haeften  d. 1944 shot, Berlin   jurist, adjutant of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Erich Hoepner  d. executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   demoted Colonel General, member of Military opposition about Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim  d. 1944 shot, Berlin   General, Putschist Friedrich Olbricht  d. 1944 shot, Berlin   General, Putschist Hans Oster  d. 1945 executed, Flossenbürg   Chief of staff Harro Schulze-Boysen  d. 1942 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   officer, publicist Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg  d. 1944 shot, Berlin   Chief of staff of General Army Office, Putschist Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel  d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   military commander in occupied France Henning von Tresckow  d. 1944 suicide, near Ostrov, Russia   Major General, Putschist Erwin von Witzleben  d. 1944 executed, Berlin-Plötzensee   retired Field Marshal Wilhelm Canaris  d. 1945 executed, Flossenbürg  German  military information service Erwin Rommel  d. 1944 executed  German  Army(Wehrmacht), Feld Marchall Dimitri Zouralis  d. 1941 executed  Greek Army(Greek), Commander

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