Thurgau

Thurgau is a northeast canton of Switzerland. The population is 228,200 (2003). The capital is Frauenfeld.

 Geography 
To the north of Thurgau is Lake Constance, across which are Germany and Austria. The river Rhine makes the border in the northwest. To the south is the Canton of St. Gallen; to the west are the cantons of Zürich and Schaffhausen.

The area of the canton is 991 km2 and is usually divided into three hilly areas. One of these is along Lake Constance to the north. Another is inland between the rivers Thur and Murg. The third one makes the southern border of the canton and comes together with the Hörnli mountain in the pre-Alps.

 History 
In prehistoric times the lands of the canton were inhabited by people of the Pfyn culture along the lake. During Roman times the canton was part of the province Raetia until in 450 the lands were settled by the Alamanni. It was only in the 8th century that the canton became a political unit similar to what it is known today, as a Gau of the Frankish Empire. At the time, however, the area was not so clearly defined and changed frequently. Overall, the size of the Thurgau was larger, but during the Middle Ages the canton became smaller in size. The dukes of Zähringen and the counts of Kyburg took over much of the land.
The town of Zürich was part of the Thurgau until it became reichsunmittelbar in 1218. When the Kyburg dynasty became extinct in 1264 the Habsburgs took over that land. The Swiss confederation allied with ten freed bailiwicks of the former Toggenburg seized the lands of the Thurgau from the Habsburgs in 1460, and it became subject territory of Zürich.

In 1798 the land became a canton for the first time as part of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 the canton of Thurgau became a member of the Swiss confederation. The current cantonal constitution dates from 1987.

 Economy 
The canton of Thurgau is known for farm produce such as apples, pears, and other fruits and vegetables. The many orchards in the canton are used for the making of cider. Wine is produced in the Thur valley.

There is also industry in the canton of Thurgau. The main industries are printing, clothing and arts and crafts. Small and middle-sized businesses are important for the economy. Many of these are concentrated around the capital.

 Demographics 
The population is mostly German speaking. Most of the population are Protestants with the rest being Roman Catholics.

 Districts 

The Canton of Thurgau is divided into eight districts, and each is named after its capital:

 Steckborn with capital Steckborn.
 Frauenfeld with capital Frauenfeld.
 Kreuzlingen with capital Kreuzlingen. 
 Weinfelden with capital Weinfelden. 
 Bischofszell with capital Bischofszell. 
 Diessenhofen with capital Diessenhofen.
 Münchwilen with capital Münchwilen.
 Arbon with capital Arbon.

 Municipalities 
There are 80 municipalities in the canton (as of April 2004):

 Aadorf
 Affeltrangen
 Altnau
 Amlikon-Bissegg
 Amriswil
 Arbon
 Basadingen-Schlattingen
 Berg
 Berlingen
 Bettwiesen
 Bichelsee-Balterswil
 Birwinken
 Bischofszell
 Bottighofen
 Braunau
 Bürglen
 Bussnang
 Diessenhofen
 Dozwil
 Egnach
 Erlen
 Ermatingen
 Eschenz
 Eschlikon
 Felben-Wellhausen
 Fischingen
 Frauenfeld
 Gachnang
 Gottlieben
 Güttingen Hauptwil-Gottshaus
 Hefenhofen
 Herdern
 Hohentannen
 Homburg
 Horn
 Hüttlingen
 Hüttwilen
 Kemmental
 Kesswil
 Kradolf-Schönenberg
 Kreuzlingen
 Langrickenbach
 Lengwil
 Lommis
 Mammern
 Märstetten
 Matzingen
 Müllheim
 Münchwilen
 Münsterlingen
 Neunforn
 Pfyn
 Raperswilen
 Rickenbach
 Roggwil
 Romanshorn
 Salenstein
 Salmsach
 Schlatt Schönholzerswilen
 Sirnach
 Sommeri
 Steckborn
 Stettfurt
 Sulgen
 Tägerwilen
 Thundorf
 Tobel-Tägerschen
 Uesslingen-Buch
 Uttwil
 Wagenhausen
 Wäldi
 Wängi
 Warth-Weiningen
 Weinfelden
 Wigoltingen
 Wilen
 Wuppenau
 Zihlschlacht-Sitterdorf

 References 

 Other websites 

 Official site 
 Official statistics