List of elements

This page shows a list of all 118 chemical elements that have been identified.

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Categories and subcategories in the metal–nonmetal range
 Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Unknownchemicalproperties Alkalimetal Alkalineearth metal  Transitionmetal Post-transitionmetal Othernonmetal Halogen Noblegas Lanthanide Actinide

List
ZSymbolElementOrigin of nameRoyal Society of Chemistry – Visual Element Periodic TableGroupPeriodWeightu ()Densityg / cm3MeltKBoilKHeatJ/g·KNegAbundancemg / kg −999  !a  !a  −999  −999  −999  −999  −999  −999  −999  −999  −999  1  H  Hydrogen  the Greek 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning water-forming  1  1       0.00008988  14.01  20.28  14.304  2.20  1400  2  He  Helium  the Greek, 'helios' meaning sun   18  1      0.0001785  0.95  4.22  5.193  –  0.008  3  Li  Lithium  the Greek 'lithos' meaning stone  1  2         0.534  453.69  1560  3.582  0.98  20  4  Be  Beryllium  the Greek name for beryl, 'beryllo'   2  2    1.85  1560  2742  1.825   1.57  2.8  5  B  Boron  the Arabic 'buraq', which was the name for borax   13  2     2.34  2349  4200  1.026   2.04  10  6  C  Carbon  the Latin 'carbo', meaning charcoal   14  2     2.267  3800  4300  0.709   2.55  200  7  N  Nitrogen  the Greek 'nitron' and 'genes' meaning nitre-forming  15   2     0.0012506  63.15  77.36  1.04   3.04  19  8  O  Oxygen  the Greek 'oxy' and 'genes' meaning acid-forming  16  2     0.001429  54.36  90.20  0.918   3.44  461000  9  F  Fluorine  the Latin 'fluere', meaning to flow  17  2    0.001696  53.53  85.03  0.824   3.98  585  10  Ne  Neon  the Greek 'neos', meaning new  18  2    0.0008999  24.56   27.07  1.03  –  0.005 11  Na  Sodium  the English word soda (natrium in Latin)  1  3    0.971  370.87  1156  1.228  0.93  23600  12  Mg  Magnesium  Magnesia, a region in Greece  2  3    1.738  923  1363  1.023  1.31  23300  13  Al  Aluminium  the Latin name for alum, 'alumen' meaning bitter salt  13  3    2.698  933.47  2792  0.897  1.61  82300  14  Si  Silicon  the Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning flint  14  3     2.3296  1687  3538  0.705  1.9  282000  15  P  Phosphorus  the Greek 'phosphoros', meaning bringer of light  15  3    1.82  317.30  550  0.769  2.19  1050  16  S  Sulfur  Either from the Sanskrit 'sulvere', or the Latin 'sulfurium', both names for sulfur  16  3      2.067  388.36  717.87  0.71  2.58  350  17  Cl  Chlorine  the Greek 'chloros', meaning greenish yellow  17  3       0.003214  171.6  239.11  0.479  3.16  145  18  Ar  Argon  the Greek, 'argos', meaning idle  18  3     0.0017837  83.80  87.30  0.52  –  3.5  19  K  Potassium  the English word potash (kalium in Latin)  1  4    0.862  336.53  1032  0.757  0.82  20900  20  Ca  Calcium  the Latin 'calx' meaning lime  2  4    1.54  1115  1757  0.647  1  41500  21  Sc  Scandium  Scandinavia (with the Latin name Scandia)  3  4    2.989  1814  3109  0.568  1.36  22 22  Ti  Titanium  Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology  4  4    4.54  1941  3560  0.523  1.54  5650 23  V  Vanadium  Vanadis, an old Norse name for the goddess Freyja  5  4    6.11  2183  3680  0.489  1.63  120  24  Cr  Chromium  the Greek 'chroma', meaning colour  6  4    7.15  2180  2944  0.449  1.66  102 25  Mn  Manganese  Either the Latin 'magnes', meaning magnet or from the black magnesium oxide, 'magnesia nigra' 7  4    7.44  1519  2334  0.479  1.55  950 26  Fe  Iron  the Anglo-Saxon name iren (ferrum in Latin)  8  4    7.874  1811  3134  0.449  1.83  56300 27  Co  Cobalt  the German word 'kobald', meaning goblin  9  4    8.86  1768  3200  0.421  1.88  25 28  Ni  Nickel  the shortened of the German 'kupfernickel' meaning either devil's copper or St. Nicholas's copper  10  4     8.912  1728  3186  0.444  1.91  84 29  Cu  Copper  the Old English name coper in turn derived from the Latin 'Cyprium aes', meaning a metal from Cyprus  11  4    8.96  1357.77  2835  0.385  1.9  60 30  Zn  Zinc  the German, 'zinc', which may in turn be derived from the Persian word 'sing', meaning stone   12  4    7.134  692.88  1180  0.388  1.65  70  31  Ga  Gallium  France (with the Latin name Gallia) 13  4    5.907  302.9146  2477  0.371  1.81  19 32  Ge  Germanium  Germany (with the Latin name Germania)  14  4    5.323  1211.40  3106  0.32  2.01  1.5 33  As  Arsenic  the Greek name 'arsenikon' for the yellow pigment orpiment  15  4    5.776    887  0.329  2.18   1.8 34  Se  Selenium  Moon (with the Greek name selene)  16  4    4.809  453  958  0.321  2.55  0.05 35  Br  Bromine  the Greek 'bromos' meaning stench   17  4    3.122  265.8  332.0  0.474  2.96   2.4 36  Kr  Krypton  the Greek 'kryptos', meaning hidden  18  4     0.003733  115.79  119.93  0.248  3   37  Rb  Rubidium  the Latin 'rubidius', meaning deepest red  1  5    1.532  312.46  961  0.363  0.82   90 38  Sr  Strontium  Strontian, a small town in Scotland   2  5     2.64  1050  1655  0.301   0.95  370 39  Y  Yttrium  Ytterby, Sweden  3  5    4.469  1799  3609  0.298   1.22  33 40  Zr  Zirconium  the Persian 'zargun', meaning gold coloured   4  5    6.506  2128  4682  0.278  1.33  165 41  Nb  Niobium  Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology  5  5    8.57  2750  5017  0.265  1.6  20 42  Mo  Molybdenum  the Greek 'molybdos' meaning lead  6  5    10.22  2896  4912  0.251  2.16  1.2 43  Tc  Technetium  the Greek 'tekhnetos' meaning artificial  7  5    11.5  2430  4538  –  1.9   44  Ru  Ruthenium  Russia (with the Latin name Ruthenia)  8  5  101.07(2)  12.37  2607  4423  0.238  2.2  0.001 45  Rh  Rhodium  the Greek 'rhodon', meaning rose coloured   9  5  102.90550(2)  12.41  2237  3968  0.243  2.28  0.001 46  Pd  Palladium  From the asteroid Pallas which had been recently discovered and named at the time. The asteroid was thought to be a planet when it was discovered  10  5  106.42(1)  12.02  1828.05  3236  0.244  2.2  0.015 47  Ag  Silver  the Anglo-Saxon name siolfur (argentum in Latin)  11  5  107.8682(2)  10.501  1234.93  2435  0.235  1.93  0.075 48  Cd  Cadmium  the Latin name for the mineral calmine, 'cadmia'  12  5  112.411(8)  8.69  594.22  1040  0.232  1.69  0.159 49  In  Indium  the Latin 'indicium', meaning violet or indigo 13  5  114.818(3)  7.31  429.75  2345  0.233  1.78  0.25 50  Sn  Tin  the Anglo-Saxon word tin (stannum in Latin, meaning hard)  14  5  118.710(7)  7.287  505.08  2875  0.228  1.96  2.3 51  Sb  Antimony  the Greek 'anti – monos', meaning not alone (stibium in Latin)  15  5  121.760(1)  6.685  903.78  1860  0.207  2.05  0.2 52  Te  Tellurium  Earth, the third planet on solar system (with the Latin word tellus)  16  5  127.60(3)  6.232  722.66  1261  0.202  2.1  0.001 53  I  Iodine  the Greek 'iodes' meaning violet  17  5  126.90447(3)  4.93  386.85  457.4  0.214  2.66  0.45 54  Xe  Xenon  the Greek 'xenos' meaning stranger  18  5  131.293(6)   0.005887  161.4  165.03  0.158  2.6   55  Cs  Caesium  the Latin 'caesius', meaning sky blue  1  6  132.9054519(2)  1.873  301.59  944  0.242  0.79  3 56  Ba  Barium  the Greek 'barys', meaning heavy  2  6  137.327(7)  3.594  1000  2170  0.204  0.89  425 57  La  Lanthanum  the Greek 'lanthanein', meaning to lie hidden    6  138.90547(7)  6.145  1193  3737  0.195  1.1  39 58  Ce  Cerium  Ceres, the Roman God of agriculture    6  140.116(1)  6.77  1068  3716  0.192  1.12  66.5 59  Pr  Praseodymium  the Greek 'prasios didymos' meaning green twin   6  140.90765(2)  6.773  1208  3793  0.193  1.13  9.2 60  Nd  Neodymium  the Greek 'neos didymos' meaning new twin    6  144.242(3)  7.007  1297  3347  0.19  1.14  41.5 61  Pm  Promethium  Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans    6    7.26  1315  3273  –   –   62  Sm  Samarium  Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated    6  150.36(2)  7.52  1345  2067  0.197   1.17  7.05 63  Eu  Europium  Europe   6  151.964(1)  5.243  1099  1802  0.182  1.2  2 64  Gd  Gadolinium  Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist   6  157.25(3)  7.895  1585  3546  0.236   1.2  6.2 65  Tb  Terbium  Ytterby, Sweden   6  158.92535(2)  8.229  1629  3503  0.182   1.2  1.2 66  Dy  Dysprosium  the Greek 'dysprositos', meaning hard to get    6  162.500(1)  8.55  1680  2840  0.17  1.22  5.2 67  Ho  Holmium  Stockholm, Sweden (with the Latin name Holmia)  6  164.93032(2)  8.795  1734  2993  0.165   1.23  1.3 68  Er  Erbium  Ytterby, Sweden  6  167.259(3)  9.066  1802  3141  0.168   1.24  3.5 69  Tm  Thulium  Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia  6  168.93421(2)  9.321  1818  2223  0.16   1.25  0.52 70  Yb  Ytterbium  Ytterby, Sweden  6  173.054(5)  6.965  1097  1469  0.155   1.1  3.2 71  Lu  Lutetium Paris, France (with the Roman name Lutetia)  3  6  174.9668(1)  9.84  1925  3675  0.154   1.27  0.8 72  Hf  Hafnium Copenhagen, Denmark (with the Latin name Hafnia) 4  6  178.49(2)  13.31  2506  4876  0.144   1.3  3 73  Ta  Tantalum  King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology  5  6  180.94788(2)  16.654  3290  5731  0.14   1.5  2 74  W  Tungsten  the Swedish 'tung sten' meaning heavy stone (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)   6  6  183.84(1)  19.25  3695  5828  0.132   2.36  1.3 75  Re  Rhenium  Rhine River, in Europe (with the Latin name Rhenia)  7  6  186.207(1)  21.02  3459  5869  0.137   1.9   76  Os  Osmium  the Greek  'osme', meaning smell  8  6  190.23(3)  22.61  3306  5285  0.13   2.2  0.002 77  Ir  Iridium  Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow  9  6  192.217(3)  22.56  2719  4701  0.131  2.2  0.001 78  Pt  Platinum  the Spanish 'platina', meaning little silver 10  6  195.084(9)  21.46  2041.4  4098  0.133  2.28  0.005 79  Au  Gold  the Anglo-Saxon word gold (aurum in Latin, meaning glow of sunrise)  11  6  196.966569(4)  19.282  1337.33  3129  0.129  2.54  0.004 80  Hg  Mercury  Mercury, the first planet in the Solar System (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr- water and argyros silver) 12  6  200.59(2)  13.5336  234.43  629.88  0.14  2  0.085 81  Tl  Thallium  the Greek 'thallos', meaning a green twig  13  6  204.38(1)  11.85  577  1746  0.129   1.62  0.85 82  Pb  Lead  the Anglo-Saxon lead (plumbum in Latin) 14  6  207.2(1)   11.342  600.61  2022  0.129   2.33  14 83  Bi  Bismuth  the German 'Bisemutum' a corruption of 'Weisse Masse' meaning white mass  15  6  208.98040(1)  9.807  544.7  1837  0.122   2.02  0.009 84  Po  Polonium  Poland, the native country of Marie Curie, who first isolated the element   16  6    9.32  527  1235  –   2   85  At  Astatine  the Greek 'astatos', meaning unstable   17  6    7  575  610  –   2.2   86  Rn  Radon  From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay  18  6    0.00973  202  211.3  0.094  –   87  Fr  Francium  France  1  7     1.87  300  950  –   0.7   88  Ra  Radium  the Latin 'radius', meaning ray  2  7    5.5  973  2010  –   0.9   89  Ac  Actinium  the Greek 'actinos', meaning a ray   7    10.07  1323  3471  0.12   1.1   90  Th  Thorium  Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder     7  232.03806(2)   11.72  2115  5061  0.113   1.3  9.6 91  Pa  Protactinium  the Greek 'protos', meaning first, as a prefix to the element actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium     7  231.03588(2)  15.37  1841  4300  –  1.5   92  U  Uranium  Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System   7  238.02891(3)  18.95  1405.3  4404  0.116  1.38  2.7 93  Np  Neptunium  Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System   7    20.45  917  4273  –  1.36   94  Pu  Plutonium  Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System   7    19.84  912.5  3501  –  1.28   95  Am  Americium  Americas, the continent where the element was first synthesized     7    13.69  1449  2880  –  1.3   96  Cm  Curium  Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist   7    13.51  1613  3383  –  1.3   97  Bk  Berkelium  Berkeley, California, USA, where the element was first synthesized   7    14.79  1259  -  –  1.3   98  Cf  Californium  California, USA, where the element was first synthesized   7    15.1  1173  -  –  1.3   99  Es  Einsteinium  Albert Einstein, physicist   7    13.5  1133  –  –  1.3    100  Fm  Fermium  Enrico Fermi, physicist   7    –  1800  –  –  1.3    101  Md  Mendelevium  Dmitri Mendeleyev, chemist and inventor  7    –  1100  –  –  1.3    102  No  Nobelium  Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer  7    –  1100  –  –  1.3    103  Lr  Lawrencium  Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist  3  7    –  1900  –  –  1.3    104  Rf  Rutherfordium  Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist  4  7    –  – –  –  –    105  Db  Dubnium  Dubna, Russia  5  7    –  – –  –  –    106  Sg  Seaborgium  Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist  6  7    –  –  –  –  –    107  Bh  Bohrium  Niels Bohr, physicist  7  7    –  –  –  –  –    108  Hs  Hassium  Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized  8  7    –  –  –  –  –    109  Mt  Meitnerium  Lise Meitner, physicist  9  7    –  –  –  –  –    110  Ds  Darmstadtium  Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized  10  7    –  –  –  –  –    111  Rg  Roentgenium  Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist  11  7    –  –  –  –  –    112  Cn  Copernicium  Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer  12  7    –  –  –  –  –    113  Nh NihoniumNihon, the main Japanese name for Japan; for research at the Riken (理研) institute.  13  7    –  –  –  –  –    114  Fl  Flerovium  Georgy Flyorov, physicist  14  7    –  –  –  –  –    115  Mc  Moscovium Named after Moscow, capital of Russia  15  7    –  –  –  –  –    116  Lv  Livermorium  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in Livermore, California, U.S.  16  7    –  –  –  –  –    117  Ts Tennessine US state Tennessee for work at Vanderbilt University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory there  17  7    –  –  –  –  –    118  Og  OganessonNamed after Yuri Oganesson, chemist involved in the synthesis of many elements 18  7    –  –  –  –  –   9e99~z~z9e999e999e999e999e999e999e999e999e99

Notes
 The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.
 The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
 The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
 The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
 The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996–analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
 This element does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. The value listed above, 0.95 K, is the temperature at which helium does solidify at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
 This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure
 The transuranic elements 99 and above do not occur naturally, but some of them can be produced artificially.
 The value listed is the conventional value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
 Electronegativity on the Pauling scale. Standard symbol: χ

 References 

 (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1–102)

 (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103–118)
IUPAC (2016). "Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 are now formally named nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og)"

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Elements