Federation

A federation is a union of a number of self-governing states or regions, which are joined together under a central government.  The central government is not able to do a lot of things that central government in more centralized states can.  These things are done by the states (or regions) in a federalized state.

The United States of America is a federation. The federal (central) government has the highest executive role. However, state governments can exercise any powers as long as those powers are not assigned to the federal government (by the United States Constitution) and if those powers are not prohibited by the states themselves.

Australia became a Federation in 1901.

After the 1971 civil war, Pakistan became a Federation adopted in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan.

Other examples of federal states are Austria, Belgium (since 1993), Canada, Germany, Russia and Switzerland.

 List of constituents by federation 
The federated units in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it. 

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid #aaa;"
|-
! style="width:18%;" | Federation !! style="width:63%;" | Federated units !! style="width:21%;" | Other units
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 23 provinces:

| 1 autonomous city:

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p38
| rowspan="2" | 6 states:

| 3 internal territories:

|-
| 7 external territories:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p46
| 9 states:

|
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" rowspan="2" | SBS World Guide 2008, p74
| 3 regions:

| rowspan="2" | 
|-
| 3 communities:

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 2 entities:

| rowspan="2" | 1 self-governing district:

|-
| The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself a federation of 10 cantons:

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p101
| 26 states:

| rowspan="2" | 
|-
| 1 federal district:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p132
| 10 provinces:

| 3 territories:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p239
| 12 regions:

| 2 chartered cities:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p275
| 16 states:

|
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p328
| 28 states:

| 8 union territories:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p346
| 18 (official) governorates:

| 1 federal region:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 13 states:

| 3 federal territories:

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p481
| 31 states:

| rowspan="2" | 
|-
| 1 autonomous city:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p486
| 4 states:

|
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 7 provinces:

|
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p537
| 36 states:

| 1 territory:

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p549
| rowspan="2" | 4 provinces:

| 2 autonomous territories:

|-
| 1 federal territory:

|-
| rowspan="6" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p600
| 45 oblasts:

| rowspan="6" | 
|-
| 20 republics:

|-
| 9 krais:

|-
| 4 autonomous okrugs:

|-
| 2 federal cities:

|-
| 1 autonomous oblast:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 1 autonomous island:

| Saint Kitts:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 6 federal member states:

|
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | 
| 10 states:

| 3 administrative areas:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p687
| 18 states:

|| 1 special administrative status area:

|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p700
| 26 cantons:

|
|-
| style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p760
| 7 emirates:

|
|-
| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p774
| rowspan="3" | 50 states:

| 1 federal district:

|-
| 1 incorporated territory:

|-
| 13 unincorporated territories:

|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top" | SBS World Guide 2008, p798
| rowspan="2" | 23 states:

Argentina

Argentina is divided into 23 provinces (provincias; singular: provincia), and 1 city (commonly known as capital federal):
 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires*
 Buenos Aires (Province)
 Catamarca
 Chaco
 Chubut
 Córdoba
 Corrientes
 Entre Ríos
 Formosa
 Jujuy
 La Pampa
 La Rioja Mendoza 
 Misiones 
 Neuquén 
 Río Negro 
 Salta 
 San Juan 
 San Luis 
 Santa Cruz 
 Santa Fe 
 Santiago del Estero 
 Tierra del Fuego 
 Tucumán 

Australia

 States 
 Areas Abbreviation  Capital 25x15px New South Wales NSW  Sydney 25x15px Queensland QLD  Brisbane 25x15px South Australia SA   Adelaide 25x15px Tasmania TAS  Hobart 25x15px Victoria VIC  Melbourne 25x15px Western Australia WA  Perth

Territories
Mainland
 Territory Abbreviation  Capital  Australian Capital Territory ACT  Canberra 25x15px Jervis Bay Territory JBT  25x15px Northern Territory NT  Darwin
From 1926 to 1931, Central Australia existed as a separate territory between the 20th and 26th parallels of latitude, before being becoming a part of the Northern Territory again.

Overseas territories
 25x15px Ashmore and Cartier Islands
 25x15px Australian Antarctic Territory
 25x15px Norfolk Island
 25x15px Christmas Island
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 25x15px Coral Sea Islands Territory
 25x15px Heard and McDonald Islands

 Former 
 Territory of North Australia (1927-31)
 Territory of Central Australia (1927-31)
 Territory of Papua (1902-49)
 Territory of New Guinea (1920-49)
 Territory of Papua and New Guinea (1949-72)
Austria

 Official flag State<br/ >(Bundesland) German name Location Population<br/ > (2021) Area (km²) Density (p./km²) Capital 50px Burgenland Burgenland 100px 296,000 3,965 75 Eisenstadt 50px Carinthia Kärnten 100px 562,000 9,537 59 Klagenfurt 50px Lower Austria Niederösterreich 100px 1,691,000 19,180 88 Sankt Pölten 50px Salzburg(erland) Salzburg 100px 561,000 7,155 78 Salzburg 50px Styria Steiermark 100px 1,247,000 16,399 76 Graz 50px Tyrol Tirol 100px 760,000 12,648 60 Innsbruck 50px Upper Austria Oberösterreich 100px 1,496,000 11,983 125 Linz 50px Vienna Wien 100px 1,921,000 415 4,629 Vienna (Wien) 50px Vorarlberg Vorarlberg 100px 399,000 2,602 153 Bregenz
Belgium

 Province Antwerp Limburg Flemish Brabant East Flanders West Flanders Dutch name Antwerpen Limburg Vlaams Brabant Oost-Vlaanderen West-Vlaanderen French name Anvers			 Limbourg			 Brabant flamand		 Flandre orientale		 Flandre occidentale	 German name Antwerpen			 Limburg			 Flämisch-Brabant		 Ostflandern		 Westflandern		 Location 150px|Province of Antwerp 150px|Province of Limburg 150px|Province of Flemish Brabant 150px|Province of East Flanders 150px|Province of West Flanders Flag 125px|border|center		 125px|border|center		 125px|border|center		 125px|border|center		 125px|border|center	 Coat of Arms 150x115px|center	 150x115px|center	 	 150x115px|center		 150x115px|center		 150x115px|center		 HASC BE.AN		 BE.LI		 BE.VB		 BE.OV		 BE.WV		 FIPS BE01		 BE05		 BE12		 BE08		 BE09		 ISO 3166-2 VAN		 VLI		 VBR		 VOV		 VWV		 Postal codes 2000-2999		 3500-3999		 1500-1999, 3000-3499	 9000-9999		 8000-8999		 Area 2860 km²% of Flanders% of Belgium 2414 km²% of Flanders% of Belgium 2106 km²% of Flanders% of Belgium 2982.24 km²% of Flanders% of Belgium 3151 km²% of Flanders% of Belgium Highest point Beerzelberg (55 m)		                  Remersdaal (288 m)		 Walshoutem (137 m)		         Hottondberg (150 m)Pottelberg (157 m)                            Kemmelberg (156 m)	            Subdivisions 3 Arrondissements70 municipalities150px		 3 Arrondissements44 municipalities150px		 2 Arrondissements65 municipalities150px	 6 Arrondissements65 municipalities150px	 8 Arrondissements64 municipalities150px	 Capital Antwerpen		 Hasselt			 Leuven			 Gent		 Brugge		 Population 28% of Flanders	 13% of Flanders	 17% of Flanders	 23% of Flanders	 19% of Flanders	 Density 587 / km²			 333 / km²			 493 / km²			 459 / km²			 362 / km²			 Governor Cathy Berx		 Herman Reynders		 Lode De Witte		 Jan Briers		 Carl Decaluwé		 Government N-VA, CD&V, sp.a	                 CD&V, sp.a-Groen, Open Vld	 CD&V, Open Vld, sp.a., Groen	 CD&V, Open Vld, sp.a       	 CD&V, sp.a, Open Vld		 Website Official page		 Official page 		 Official page 	 Official page	 Official page	

{| class="wikitable"
! width="15%" | Province
! width="17%" | Hainaut
! width="17%" | Walloon Brabant
! width="17%" | Namur
! width="17%" | Liège
! width="17%" | Luxembourg
|-
! French name
| Hainaut
| Brabant wallon
| Namur
| Liège
| Luxembourg
|-
! German name
| Hennegau			 
| Wallonisch-Brabant	
| Namur			  
| Lüttich			 
| Luxemburg			  
|-
! Dutch name
| Henegouwen		 
| Waals Brabant		
| Namen			  
| Luik			 
| Luxemburg			  
|-
! Location
| 150px|Province of Hainaut			
| 150px|Province of Walloon Brabant	
| 150px|Province of Namur			
| 150px|Province of Liège			
| 150px|Province of Luxembourg		
|-
! Flag
| 125x83px|border|center				
| 125x83px|border|center	
| 125px|border|center				
| 125px|border|center				
| 125px|border|center		
|-
! Coat of Arms
| 150x115px|center					
| 150x115px|center			
| 150x115px|center				
| 150x115px|center				
| 150x115px|center	
|-
! HASC
| BE.HT		
| BE.BW		
| BE.NA		
| BE.LG		
| BE.LX		
|-
! FIPS
| BE03		
| BE10		
| BE07		
| BE04		
| BE06		
|-
! Area
| 3800 km²22.56% of Wallonia12.44% of Belgium	
| 1093 km²6.49% of Wallonia3.58% of Belgium		
| 3664 km²21.75% of Wallonia11.99% of Belgium	
| 3844 km²22.82% of Wallonia12.58% of Belgium	
| 4443 km²26.38% of Wallonia14.54% of Belgium	
|-
! Subdivisions
| 7 Arrondissements69 municipalities150x113px|center		
| 1 Arrondissement27 municipalities150x113px|center	
| 3 Arrondissements38 municipalities150x113px|center		
| 4 Arrondissements84 municipalities150x113px|center		
| 5 Arrondissements44 municipalities150x113px|center	
|-
! Capital
| Mons			
| Wavre			
| Namur	
| Liège			
| Arlon			
|-

! Population
| 37% of Wallonia	
| 11% of Wallonia	
| 13% of Wallonia	
| 31% of Wallonia	
| 8% of Wallonia	
|-
! Density
| 345 / km²			
| 347 / km²			
| 129 / km²			
| 277 / km²			
| 60 / km²			
|-
! Governor
| Tommy Leclercq		
| Gilles Mahieu		
| Denis Mathen		
| Hervé Jamar		
| Olivier Schmitz		
|-
! Government
| PS, MR	
| MR, PS	
| MR, cdH       	
| PS, MR	
| cdH, PS	
|-
! Website
| Official page		
| Official page		
| Official page		
| Official page		
| Official page 	

Because the German-speaking Community is found in the Province of Liège, people want a third province: the Province of Eupen-Sankt Vith, which would be made up of the 9 municipalities of the German-speaking Community.

Brazil

Center-West Region
 Federal District (capital Brasília)
 Goiás (capital Goiânia)
 Mato Grosso (capital Cuiabá)
 Mato Grosso do Sul (capital Campo Grande)

Notes

References