Wind power in Texas

Wind power in Texas consists of many wind farms with a total installed generating capacity of 9,410 MW from over 40 different projects. Texas produces the most wind power of any U.S. state, followed by Iowa with 3,670 MW.

Several forces are working to the advantage of wind power in Texas: the wind resource in many areas of the state is very large, large projects are relatively easy to site, and the market price for electricity is relatively high because it is set by natural gas prices.Wind Riding Favorable Policy Breeze Toward Record Year  Renewable Energy Access, 5 June 2007. The wind power industry is also creating many jobs and farmers may earn extra income by leasing their land to wind developers.State Energy Conservation Office. The New Cash Crop 

The Roscoe Wind Farm (781 MW) is the world's largest wind farm. Other large wind farms in Texas include: Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center, Sherbino Wind Farm, Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm, Sweetwater Wind Farm, Buffalo Gap Wind Farm, King Mountain Wind Farm, Desert Sky Wind Farm, Wildorado Wind Ranch, and the Brazos Wind Farm.

Overview
Wind power has a long history in Texas. West Texas State University began wind energy research in 1970 and led to the formation of the Alternative Energy Institute (AEI) in 1977. AEI has been a major information resource about wind energy for Texas.

Texas is firmly established as the leader in wind power development in the USA, ahead of Iowa and California. The expanding wind power market will help Texas meet its 2015 renewable energy goal of 5,000 new megawatts of power from renewable sources.Airtricity Finalizes 209-MW Wind Project in Texas  Renewable Energy Access, 16 May 2007.

The table below lists the larger wind farms in Texas, currently operating or under construction. Wind farms which are smaller than 120 MW in capacity are not shown.

+ Summary table: Large wind farms in TexasTexas Renewable Energy Industries Association. Texas operational wind plants  Wind farm  Installed  capacity (MW)  Turbine  Manufacturer  County Barton Chapel Wind Farm  120  Gamesa  Jack Brazos Wind Ranch (Green Mt. Energy Wind Farm)  160  Mitsubishi  Scurry/ Borden Buffalo Gap Wind Farm  523  Vestas  Taylor/ Nolan Bull Creek Wind Farm  180  Mitsubishi  Borden Camp Springs Wind Energy Center  130.5   Scurry Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm  662  GE Energy/ Siemens  Sterling/ Coke Champion Wind Farm  126  Siemens  Nolan Desert Sky Wind Farm  160  GE Energy  Pecos Elbow Creek Wind Project  122  Siemens  Howard Forest Creek Wind Farm  124  Siemens  Glasscock/ Sterling Goat Mountain Wind Ranch  150   Coke/ Sterling Gulf Wind Farm  283  Mitsubishi  Kenedy Hackberry Wind Project  165  Siemens  Shackelford Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center  735  GE Energy/ Siemens  Taylor/ Nolan Inadale Wind Farm  197  Mitsubishi  Scurry/ Nolan King Mountain Wind Farm  278.5  Bonus/ GE Energy  Upton Langford Wind Farm  150  GE Energy  Tom Green/ Schleicher/ Irion Lone Star Wind Farm  400  Gamesa  Shackelford/ Callahan McAdoo Wind Farm  150  GE Energy  Dickens Notrees Windpower  150  Duke Energy  Ector/ Winkler Panther Creek Wind Farm  458  GE Energy  Howard/ ... Peñascal Wind Farm  202  Mitsubishi  Kenedy Pyron Wind Farm  249  GE Energy  Scurry/ Fisher/ Nolan Roscoe Wind Farm  781 Mitsubishi  Nolan Sherbino Wind Farm  150  Vestas  Pecos Stanton Energy Center  120  GE Energy  Martin/ Howard Sweetwater Wind Farm  585  GE Energy/ Siemens/ Mitsubishi  Nolan Trent Wind Farm  150  GE Energy  Taylor Turkey Track Energy Center  169.5   Nolan/ Coke/ Runnels Wildorado Wind Ranch  161  Siemens  Oldham/ Potter/ Randall Woodward Mountain Wind Ranch  159  Vestas  Pecos
Several forces are driving the growth of wind power in Texas: the wind resource in many areas of the state is very large, large projects are relatively easy to site, and the market price for electricity is set by natural gas prices and so is relatively high. The broad scope and geographical extent of wind farms in Texas is considerable:
"Wind resource areas in the Texas Panhandle, along the Gulf Coast south of Galveston, and in the mountain passes and ridge tops of the Trans-Pecos offer Texas some of the greatest wind power potential in the United States. Currently there are over 2,000 wind turbines in West Texas alone. Most of the new wind capacity added in the last two years has been in the Abilene-Sweetwater area. The Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center is the largest wind power facility in the nation with a total capacity of 735 MW. It is spread across approximately 47,000 acres in Taylor and Nolan County near Abilene."State Energy Conservation Office. Texas wind energy 

Wind is a highly variable resource, but with proper understanding it can be readily incorporated into an electric utility's generation mix. Many areas contain areas with winds presently suitable for electric power generation. The number of commercially attractive sites will expand as wind turbine technology improves and development costs continue to drop.

Texas farmers may lease their land to wind developers for either a set rental per turbine or for a small percentage of gross annual revenue from the project. This offers farmers a fresh revenue stream without impacting traditional farming and grazing practices. Although leasing arrangements vary widely, the U. S. Government Accountability Office reported in 2004 that a farmer who leases land to a wind project developer can generally obtain royalties of $3,000 to $5,000 per turbine per year in lease payments. These figures are rising as larger wind turbines are being produced and installed.

The wind power industry is also creating thousands of jobs for communities and for the state. Wind technology and the various aspects of producing electricity from wind power can help to keep employment in Texas after the rigs stop producing oil.

Terrorism and industrial accidents can be potential threats to the large, centrally located, power plants that provide most of Texas’ electricity. Should one of these plants be damaged, repairs could take more than a year, possibly creating power shortages on a scale that Texans have never experienced before. Coal trains and gas pipelines are also vulnerable to disruption. However, wind power plants are quickly installed and repaired. The modular structure of a wind farm also means that if one turbine is damaged, the overall output of the plant is not significantly affected.SEED Coalition and Public Citizen’s Texas office (2002). Renewable Resources: The New Texas Energy Powerhouse  p. 11.

References

Category:Wind energy
Category:Texas