Logic gate

A logic gate is an electronic component that can be used to conduct electricity based on a rule.Hussein, Q. M. 2020. “Chapter Two: Logic Gates.” Principle of Logic Design. Tikrit University, pp 52-72. The output of the gate is the result of applying this rule to one or more "inputs".  These inputs may be two wires or the output of other logic gates.

Logic gates are digital components. They normally work at only two levels of voltage, a positive level and  zero level. Commonly they work based on two states: On and Off. In the On state, voltage is positive. In the Off state, the voltage is at zero. The On state usually uses a voltage in the range of 3.5 to 5 volts. This range can be lower for some uses. 

Logic gates compare the state at their inputs to decide what the state at their output should be. A logic gate is on or active when its rules are correctly met. At this time, electricity is flowing through the gate and the voltage at its output is at the level of its On state.

Logic gates are electronic versions of Boolean logic. Truth tables will tell you what the output will be, depending on the inputs.

 AND logic gate 

AND gates have two inputs. The output of an AND gate is on only if both inputs are on. If at least one of the inputs is off, the output will be off. 

Using the image at the right, if A and B are both in an On state, the output (out) will be an On state. If either A or B is in an Off state, the output will also be in an Off state. A and B must be On for the output to be On. 

+Truth tableINPUT  OUTPUT A  B  A AND BOn  On  OnOn  Off  Off Off  On  Off Off  Off  Off

 OR logic gate 

OR gates have two inputs. The output of an OR gate will be on if at least one of the inputs are on. If both inputs are off, the output will be off. 

Using the image at the right, if either A or B is On, the output (out) will also be On. If both A and B are Off, the output will be Off. 
+Truth tableINPUT  OUTPUT A  B  A OR BOn  On  OnOn  Off  On Off  On  On Off  Off  Off 

 NOT logic gate 

The NOT logic gate has only one input. If the input is On then the output will be Off. In other words, the NOT logic gate changes the signal from On to Off or from Off to On. It is sometimes called an inverter.
+Truth table INPUT  OUTPUT A  NOT AOnOffOffOn

 XOR logic gate 

XOR ("exclusive or") gates have two inputs. The output of a XOR gate will be true only if the two inputs are different from each other. If both inputs are the same, the output will be off.
+Truth tableINPUT  OUTPUT A  B  A XOR BOn  On  OffOn  Off  On Off  On  On Off  Off  Off 

 NAND logic gate 

NAND means not both. It is called NAND because it means "not and." This means that it will always output true unless both inputs are on.   
+Truth tableINPUT  OUTPUT A  B  A NAND BOn  On  OffOn  Off  On Off  On  On Off  Off  On

 NOR logic gate 
NOR means not either. The output of the NOR gate will be false unless both inputs are false.
+Truth tableINPUTOUTPUTABA NOR BOnOnOffOnOffOffOffOnOffOffOffOn

 XNOR logic gate 

XNOR means "not exclusive or." This means that it will only output true if both inputs are the same. It is the opposite of a XOR logic gate.     
+Truth tableINPUT  OUTPUT A  B  A XNOR BOn  On  OnOn  Off  Off  Off  On  Off  Off  Off  On

References


Category:Electronic circuits