Moselle (department)

Moselle is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the Moselle river. The prefecture (capital) of Moselle is Metz.

History
Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in nine districts: Metz, Bitche, Boulay, Briey, Longwy, Morhange, Sarreguemines, Sarrelouis and Thionville, with Metz as is capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the nine districts were changed into four arrondissements: Metz, Briey, Sarreguemines and Thionville.

The Moselle department was eliminated in 1871 when part of the territory became part of Germany; the remaining parts were combined with the Meurthe department to form Meurthe-et-Moselle.

In 1919, a new department of Moselle was formed.

In 2015, several arrondissements were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining arrondissements, and only 5 were kept: Forbach-Boulay-Moselle, Metz, Sarrebourg-Château-Salins, Sarreguemines and Thionville.

Geography
The Moselle department is in the Grand Est region and borders only 2 departments: Meurthe-et-Moselle to the south and west, and Bas-Rhin to the east. To the north, the department borders Germany and to the northwest with Luxembourg.

Moselle has an area of . Its highest point is Grossman () in the western part of the department on the border with the Bas-Rhin department; it is  high.

The main rivers in the department are the Moselle, the Saar and the Seille.

Climate
The area around Metz, at an altitude of about , is characterized by climates with few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Metz is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Metz is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is April with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in Metz is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 

Administration
Moselle is managed by the Departmental Council of Moselle in Metz. The department is part of the Grand Est region.

Administrative divisions
There are 5 arrondissements (districts), 27 cantons and 727 communes (municipalities) in Moselle.

+ Arrondissements of Moselle INSEEcode  Arrondissement  Capital  Population(2014)  Area(km²)  Density(Inh./km²)  Communes 573  Forbach-Boulay-Moselle  Forbach  245,222  1,283.3    169 575  Sarrebourg-Château-Salins  Sarrebourg  93,481  1,966.9    230 576  Sarreguemines  Sarreguemines  99,772  935.9    83 577  Thionville  Thionville  264,858  941.5    105 579  Metz  Metz  341,821  1,088.7    140

The following is a list of the 27 cantons of the Moselle department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

 Algrange (5701)
 Bitche (5702)
 Boulay-Moselle (5703)
 Bouzonville (5704)
 Les Coteaux de Moselle (5705)
 Fameck (5706)
 Faulquemont (5707)
 Forbach (5708)
 Freyming-Merlebach (5709)
 Hayange (5710)
 Metz-1 (5711)
 Metz-2 (5712)
 Metz-3 (5713)
 Metzervisse (5714)
 Montigny-lès-Metz (5715)
 Le Pays Messin (5716)
 Phalsbourg (5715)
 Rombas (5718)
 Saint-Avold (5719)
 Sarralbe (5720)
 Sarrebourg (5721)
 Sarreguemines (5722)
 Le Saulnois (5723)
 Le Sillon Mosellan (5724)
 Stiring-Wendel (5725)
 Thionville (5726)
 Yutz (5727)

Demographics
The inhabitants of the Moselle department are known, in French, as Mosellans or (women: Mosellanes),

Moselle had a population, in 2014, of 1,045,154, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2. The arrondissement of Metz, with 341,821 inhabitants, is the arrondissement with more inhabitants.

Evolution of the population in Moselle

The 10 communes with more inhabitants in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department are:

 City  Population  (2015) Arrondissement Metz  117,492  Metz Thionville  40,665  Thionville Forbach  21,639  Forbach-Boulay-Moselle Montigny-lès-Metz  21,430  Metz Sarreguemines  21,236  Sarreguemines Yutz  16,064  Thionville Saint-Avold  15,748  Forbach-Boulay-Moselle Hayange  15,658  Thionville Creutzwald  13,255  Forbach-Boulay-Moselle Woippy  13,608  Metz

Economy
In the 19th century, the economy of was characterized by heavy industry, especially steel and iron factories. After the weakening of these industries at the end of the 20th century, the department has tried to promote new economic activities based on industry and technology.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Moselle department
 Communes of the Moselle department

References

Other websites

 Departmental Council website 
 Prefecture of the Moselle department