Penalty

A penalty is most often a punishment, and may also mean:
in law:
Sentence (law), for example the death penalty
Sanctions (law), a punishment for violating rules of procedure, or for abusing the judicial process.
in sports:
getting a Penalty (American football) gets a punishment for your team's rule infraction
getting a Penalty kick (football/soccer) gets a "reward" for the other team's rule infraction, or refers to the tiebreak procedure where there has been no rule infraction, and there is neither a punishment nor a reward. See also Penalty area.
in Contract Bridge and other card games a penalty can be both an "intra-game" scoring bonus which is not associated with any rule infraction, or an "extra-game" punishment for a rule infraction such as a "revoke".
Penalty (ice hockey). See also Penalty box.
Penalty (rugby)
Penalty (Brazilian sports manufacturer)
in other sports or games, penalties may be referred to as fouls or faults
in finance and banking:
a payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment
 Tax penalty, a fee required for missing a deadline or some other violation.
In entertainment:
The Penalty, a film.