James II of England

James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688. He was King James II in England and Ireland, and King James VII in Scotland. He was also Duke of Normandy from 31 December 1660. He lost his kingdoms in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He did not succeed in taking them back in a war, and he spent the rest of his life in France.

He was the last Roman Catholic king in the British Isles. Some of his people did not like his religious ideas, leading a group of them to disobey and fight against him. This was called the Glorious Revolution in England and Scotland. King James and his son, James Francis Edward went into exile. The king was replaced by his Protestant daughter, Queen Mary II, and her husband King William III and II. They became rulers in 1689. 

The belief that James, not William III or Mary II, was the one true ruler became known as Jacobitism (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James). James made one serious attempt to recover his throne when he landed in Ireland in 1689. After his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in the summer of 1690, he returned to France, living the rest of his life under the protection of King Louis XIV. His son James Francis Edward Stuart (The Old Pretender) and his grandson Charles Edward Stuart (The Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie) attempted to restore the Jacobite line after James's death, but failed.

 Issue 
NameBirthDeathNotesBy Anne HydeCharles, Duke of Cambridge22 October 16605 May 1661 Mary II30 April 166228 December 1694married 1677, William III, Prince of Orange; no issueJames, Duke of Cambridge11 or 12 July 166320 June 1667 Anne6 February 16651 August 1714married 1683, Prince George of Denmark; no surviving issueCharles, Duke of Kendal4 July 166622 May 1667 Edgar, Duke of Cambridge14 September 16678 June 1671 Henrietta13 January 166915 November 1669 Catherine9 February 16715 December 1671 By Mary of ModenaUnnamed childMarch or May 1674miscarriageCatherine Laura10 January 16753 October 1675died of convulsions.Weir, 260Unnamed childOctober 1675stillbornIsabel (or Isabella)28 August 16762 or 4 March 1681buried in Westminster Abbey on 4 March (Old Style) as "The Lady Isabella, daughter to the Duke of York"J. L. Chester, The Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the Collegiate Church or Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster, Volume 10 (Harleian Society, 1876), p. 201Charles, Duke of Cambridge7 November 167712 December 1677 died of smallpoxElizabethc. 1678 Unnamed childFebruary 1681stillbornCharlotte Maria16 August 168216 October 1682 died of convulsions and buried in Westminster Abbey on 8 October (Old Style) as "The Lady Charlott-Marie, daughter to the Duke of York"Chester (1876), p. 206Unnamed childOctober 1683stillbornUnnamed childMay 1684miscarriageJames, Prince of Wales "the Old Pretender"10 June 16881 January 1766married 1719, Clementina Sobieska; had issueLouisa Maria Teresa28 June 169218 April 1712 By Arabella Churchill Henrietta FitzJames 16673 April 1730Married first Henry Waldegrave; had issue. Married secondly Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye; no issue.James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick 21 August 167012 June 1734Married firstly Honora Bourke and had issue. Married secondly Ana Bulkely and had issue.Henry FitzJames, 1st Duke of AlbemarleAugust 1673December 1702Married Marie Gabrielle d'Audibert de Lussan; had issue.Arabella FitzJames16747 November 1704Became a nun under the name Ignatia.By Catherine SedleyCatherine Darnleyc. 168113 March 1743Alleged daughter. Married firstly, James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey and had issue. Married secondly, John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby and had issue.Weir, 263James Darnley 1684  22 April 1685 Charles Darnley  Died young.
 Notes 

 References 

Category:1633 births
Category:1701 deaths
Category:Kings and Queens of England
Category:Kings and Queens of Ireland
Category:Kings and Queens of Scotland
Category:British Roman Catholics
Category:Jacobite pretenders
Category:1680s in Europe
Category:17th century in Scotland