Exaggeration

Exaggeration  is a term for a figure of speech."Hyperbole" at Rhetoric.byu.edu; retrieved 2012-1-14.   arros means the describing of something and making it more than it really is.  The verb is to exaggerate.

An example of exaggeration would be: “I was walking along when suddenly this enormous dog walked along.  It was as big as an elephant”.  The dog may have been big, but it was certainly not as big as that. Another example of exaggeration would be: “I caught a fish as big as my house.”

Overstatement is another word that means almost the same thing.  The opposite of overstatement is understatement. 

A  hyperbole (IPA:[haı'pɝ.bə.li]) is a type of exaggeration that is used in literature.  It is a figure of speech.  The opposite of hyperbole are litotes. Litotes are conscious understatements in literature.

People exaggerate things because they have strong feelings about something.  People may exaggerate to make people listen to what they say.  They may do it to emphasize something.  They may also exaggerate just to sound funny:
”I’ve heard that a million times”
”You’ve got a head the size of a pin”.
 "I just ran a million miles"
People may understate because they are being modest:
“Thank you, yes, I suppose I may have helped a little” (in a situation where the person actually helped a lot).

In modern slang, the word “hype” is sometimes used about something that is getting more publicity than it really deserves.  The word hype comes from the word “hyperbole”.

Related pages

 Irony
 Metaphor
 Simile
 Grammar
 Trope

References

Category:Figures of speech