List of Holy Roman Emperors

Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in mostly Central Europe called the Holy Roman Empire. The title of "emperor" was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom  (for which "France" is named) when, on 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
300px|thumb|Coats of arms of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 to 1576. The Emperors used the double-headed eagle as a symbol of their authority

List of emperors
This list includes all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, whether or not they called themselves Holy Roman Emperor. There are some gaps. For example, Henry the Fowler was King of Germany but not Emperor.

Emperors before Otto the Great
Some historians say the Carolingian Empire was the start of the Holy Roman Empire. Others say the start of the Holy Roman Empire was 962. The rulers who were crowned as Emperors in the West before 962 were as follows:

Carolingian dynasty
 Image Name Life Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Coin 100px|center Charles I (Charlemagne) 2 April 742-28 January 814 25 December 800 28 January 814 Founder of the Holy Roman Empire 75px|center 100px|center Louis I 778-20 June 840 5 October 816 20 June 840 son of Emperor Charles I 75px|center 100px|center Lothair I 795-29 September 855 5 April 823 29 September 855 son of Emperor Louis I 75px|center 100px|center Louis II 825-12 August 875 1st Easter 8502nd 18 May 872 12 August 875 son of Emperor Lothair I 75px|center 100px|center Charles II 13 June 823-6 October 877 29 December 875 6 October 877 son of Emperor Louis I 75px|center 100px|center Charles III 13 June 839-13 January 888 12 February 881 13 January 888 grandson of Emperor Louis I 75px|center

Guideschi dynasty
 Image Name Life Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Coin 100px|center Guy 855-12 December 894 May 891 12 December 894 great-great-grandson of Emperor Charles I - 100px|center Lambert 880-15 October 898 30 April 892 15 October 898 son of Emperor Guy -

Carolingian dynasty
 Image Name Life Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Coin 100px|center Arnulph 850-8 December 899 22 February 896 8 December 899 nephew of Charles IIIandgreat-grandson of Emperor Louis I -

Bosonid dynasty
 Image Name Life Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Coin 100px|center Louis III 880-28 June 928 22 February 901 21 July 905 grandson of Emperor Louis II -

Unruoching dynasty
 Image Name Life Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Coin 100px|center Berengar 845-7 April 924 December 915 7 April 924 grandson of Emperor Louis I -

There was no emperor in the west between 924 and 962.

Holy Roman Emperors
Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Seal 1 100px|center Otto I 23 November 912-7 May 973 - 2 February 962 7 May 973 perhaps great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Louis I 75px|center 2 100px|center Otto II 955-7 December 983 961 25 December 967 7 December 983 son of Emperor Otto I 3 100px|center Otto III 980-23 January 1002 June 983 21 May 996 23 January 1002 son of Emperor Otto II 75px|center 4 100px|center Henry IIenumerated as successor of Henry I who was German King 919–936 but not Emperor. 6 May 973-13 July 1024 7 June 1002 14 February 1014 13 July 1024 second-cousin of Emperor Otto IIIandgreat-great-great-grandson of Emperor Louis I

Salian (Frankish) dynasty
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Seal 5 100px|center Conrad IIenumerated as successor of Conrad I who was German King 911–918 but not Emperor 990-4 June 1039 1024 26 March 1027 4 June 1039 great-great-grandson of Emperor Otto I 6 100px|center Henry III 29 October 1017-5 October 1056 1028 25 December 1046 5 October 1056 son of Emperor Conrad II 75px|center 7 100px|center Henry IV 11 November 1050-7 August 1106 1053 31 March 1084 December 1105 son of Emperor Henry III 75px|center 8 100px|center Henry V 8 November 1086-23 May 1125 6 January 1099 13 April 1111 23 May 1125 son of Emperor Henry IV 75px|center

Supplinburg dynasty
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Seal 9 100px|center Lothair IIIenumerated as successor of Lothair II, who was King of Lotharingia 855–869 but not Emperor 9 June 1075-4 December 1137 1125 4 June 1133 4 December 1137 perhaps 9th generation descendant of Emperor Otto Ior11th generation descendant of Emperor Charles II 75px|center

Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 10 100px|center Frederick I 1122-10 June 1190 4 March 1152 18 June 1155 10 June 1190 great-grandson of Emperor Henry IV 75px|center 11 100px|center Henry VI November 1165-28 September 1197 ?April 1169 14 April 1191 28 September 1197 son of Emperor Frederick I 75px|center

Welf dynasty
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 12 100px|center Otto IV 1175 or 1176-19 May 1218 9 June 1198 4 October 1209 1215 great-grandson of Emperor Lothair III 75px|center

Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 13 100px|center Frederick II 26 December 1194-13 December 1250 11961215 re-election 22 November 1220 13 December 1250 son of Emperor Henry VI 75px|center

House of Luxembourg
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 14 100px|center Henry VII 1275/1279-24 August 1313 1308 29 June 1312 24 August 1313 13th generation descendant of Emperor Louis III 75px|center

House of Wittelsbach
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 15 100px|center Louis IV 1 April 1282-11 October 1347 October 1314 17 January 1328 11 October 1347 6th generation descendant of Emperor Lothair III and 7th generation descendant of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 75px|center

House of Luxembourg
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 16 100px|center Charles IV 14 May 1316-29 November 1378 11 July 1346/17 June 1349 re-election 5 April 1355 29 November 1378 grandson of Emperor Henry VII 75px|center 17 100px|center Sigismund 14 February 1368-9 December 1437 10 September 1410/21 July 1411 re-election 31 May 1433 9 December 1437 son of Emperor Charles IV 75px|center

House of Habsburg
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from an Emperor Arms 18 100px|center Frederick III 21 September 1415-19 August 1493 1440 19 March 1452 19 August 1493 10th generation descendant of Emperor Lothair III 75px|center 19 100px|center Maximilian I 22 March 1459-12 January 1519 16 February 1486 - 12 January 1519 son of Emperor Frederick III 75px|center 20 100px|center Charles V 24 February 1500-21 September 1558 28 June 1519 February 1530 16 January 1556 grandson of Emperor Maximilian I 75px|center 21 100px|center Ferdinand I 10 March 1503-25 July 1564 1531 - 25 July 1564 grandson of Emperor Maximilian I 75px|center 22 100px|center Maximilian II 31 July 1527-12 October 1576 November 1562 - 12 October 1576 son of Emperor Ferdinand I 75px|center 23 100px|center Rudolph IIenumerated as successor of Rudolph I who was German King 1273–1291. 18 July 1552-20 January 1612 1575 30 June 1575 20 January 1612 son of Emperor Maximilian II 75px|center 24 100px|center Matthias 24 February 1557-20 March 1619 1612 23 January 1612 20 March 1619 son of Emperor Maximilian II 75px|center 25 100px|center Ferdinand II 9 July 1578-15 February 1637 1618 10 March 1619 15 February 1637 grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I 75px|center 26 100px|center Ferdinand III 13 July 1608-2 April 1657 1636 18 November 1637 2 April 1657 son of Emperor Ferdinand II 75px|center 27 100px|center Leopold I 9 June 1640-5 May 1705 July 1658 6 March 1657 5 May 1705 son of Emperor Ferdinand III 75px|center 28 100px|center Joseph I 26 July 1678-17 April 1711 6 January 1690 1 May 1705 17 April 1711 son of Emperor Leopold I 75px|center 29 100px|center Charles VI 1 October 1685-20 October 1740 12 October 1711 22 December 1711 20 October 1740 son of Emperor Leopold I 75px|center

House of Wittelsbach
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from Emperor Arms 30 100px|center Charles VIIEmperor-Elect. 6 August 1697-20 January 1745 24 January 1742 12 February 1742 20 January 1745 great-great-grandson of Emperor Ferdinand II and 12th generation descendant of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor 75px|center

House of Habsburg-Lorraine
 # Image Name Life Election Coronation Ceased to be Emperor Descent from an Emperor Arms 31 100px|center Francis I 8 December 1708-18 August 1765 13 September 1745 - 18 August 1765 great-grandson of Emperor Ferdinand III 75px|center 32 100px|center Joseph II 13 March 1741-20 February 1790 after 18 August 1765 19 August 1765 20 February 1790 son of Emperor Francis I 75px|center 33 100px|center Leopold II 5 May 1747-1 March 1792 after 20 February 1790 - 1 March 1792 son of Emperor Francis I 75px|center 34 100px|center Francis II 12 February 1768-2 March 1835 after 1 March 1792 4 March 1792 6 August 1806 son of Emperor Leopold II 75px|center

References


Category:German monarchs