1554

1554 (MDLIV) was a common year starting on Monday in the Julian calendar.

 Events 
 January 5 – Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
 February – Thomas Wyatt surrenders to government forces in London.
 February 12 – After claiming the throne of England the previous year, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason alongside her husband.
 March 17 – Princess Elizabeth imprisoned in The Tower.
 April 12 – Mary of Guise becomes Regent of Scotland.
 July 23 – 25 – Wedding of Queen Mary I of England and King Philip of Naples, only son of Emperor Charles V in Winchester, England.
 August 12 – Battle of Renty.  French forces led by Francis, Duke of Guise turn back an invasion of Picardy by Charles V.
 The French forces in Siena surrender to the Imperialists after a long siege.
 Mikael Agricola becomes the bishop of Turku.
 Jesuits establish São Paulo in Brazil.