List of Nobel Prize winners in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is a Nobel Prize in the science of physics.

Some famous winners are:
 Albert Einstein
 Werner Heisenberg
 Marie Curie
 Guglielmo Marconi
 Peter Higgs
 Enrico Fermi
 Ernest Lawrence
 Paul Dirac
 Roger Penrose
 Geoffrey Hinton

List of winners

 Year Image Laureate Nationality Rationale Ref 1901 75px Wilhelm Röntgen(1845–1923)  German "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" 1902 75px Hendrik Lorentz(1853–1928)  Dutch "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" 75px Pieter Zeeman(1865–1943) 1903 75px Henri Becquerel(1852–1908)  French "for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" 75px Pierre Curie(1859–1906) "for their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" 75px Marie Curie(1867–1934)  Polish French 1904 75px Lord Rayleigh(1842–1919)  British "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies" 1905 75px Philipp Lenard(1862–1947)  Hungarian German "for his work on cathode rays" 1906 75px J. J. Thomson(1856–1940)  British "for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" 1907 75px Albert A. Michelson(1852–1931)  German American "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" 1908 75px Gabriel Lippmann(1845–1921)  Luxembourgish French "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference" 1909 75px Guglielmo Marconi(1874–1937)  Italian "for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" 75px Karl Ferdinand Braun(1850–1918)  German 1910 75px Johannes Diderik van der Waals(1837–1923)  Dutch "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids" 1911 75px Wilhelm Wien(1864–1928)  German "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat" 1912 75px Gustaf Dalén(1869–1937)  Swedish "for his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys" 1913 75px Heike Kamerlingh Onnes(1853–1926)  Dutch "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium" 1914 75px Max von Laue(1879–1960)  German "For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals", an important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy. 1915 75px William Henry Bragg(1862–1942)  British "'For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays', an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography" 75px Lawrence Bragg(1890–1971)  Australian British 1916 Not awarded due to World War I 1917 75px Charles Glover Barkla(1877–1944)  British "'For his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements', another important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy" 1918 75px Max Planck(1858–1947)  German "for the services he rendered to the advancement of physics by his discovery of energy quanta" 1919 75px Johannes Stark(1874–1957)  German "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" 1920 75px Charles Édouard Guillaume(1861–1938)  Swiss "for the service he has rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel-steel alloys" 1921 75px Albert Einstein(1879–1955)  German Swiss "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" 1922 75px Niels Bohr(1885–1962)  Danish "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" 1923 75px Robert Andrews Millikan(1868–1953)  American "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect" 1924 75px Manne Siegbahn(1886–1978)  Swedish "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy" 1925 75px James Franck(1882–1964)  German "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" 75px Gustav Hertz(1887–1975) 1926 75px Jean Baptiste Perrin(1870–1942)  French "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium" 1927 75px Arthur Compton(1892–1962)  American "for his discovery of the effect named after him" 75px Charles Thomson Rees Wilson(1869–1959)  British "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour" 1928 75px Owen Willans Richardson(1879–1959)  British "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him" 1929 75px Louis de Broglie(1892–1987)  French "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons" 1930 75px C. V. Raman(1888–1970)  Indian "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" 1931 Not awarded 1932 75px Werner Heisenberg(1901–1976)  German "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen" 1933 75px Erwin Schrödinger(1887–1961)  Austrian "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" 75px Paul Dirac(1902–1984)  British 1934 Not awarded 1935 75px James Chadwick(1891–1974)  British "for the discovery of the neutron" 1936 75px Victor Francis Hess(1883–1964)  Austrian "for his discovery of cosmic radiation" 75px Carl David Anderson(1905–1991)  American "for his discovery of the positron" 1937 75px Clinton Davisson(1881–1958)  American "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals" 75px George Paget Thomson(1892–1975)  British 1938 75px Enrico Fermi(1901–1954)  Italian "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons" 1939 75px Ernest Lawrence(1901–1958)  American "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" 1940 Not awarded due to World War II 1941 Not awarded due to World War II 1942 Not awarded due to World War II 1943 75px Otto Stern(1888–1969)  American "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" 1944 75px Isidor Isaac Rabi(1898–1988)  American "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" 1945 75px Wolfgang Pauli(1900–1958)  Austrian "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle" 1946 75px Percy Williams Bridgman(1882–1961)  American "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics" 1947 75px Edward Victor Appleton(1892–1965)  British "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer" 1948 75px Patrick Blackett(1897–1974)  British "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation" 1949 75px Hideki Yukawa(1907–1981)  Japanese "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces" 1950 75px C. F. Powell(1903–1969)  British "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method" 1951 75px John Cockcroft(1897–1967)  British "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" 75px Ernest Walton(1903–1995)  Irish 1952 75px Felix Bloch(1905–1983)  Swiss American "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" 75px Edward Mills Purcell(1912–1997)  American 1953 75px Frits Zernike(1888–1966)  Dutch "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope" 1954 75px Max Born(1882–1970)  West German British "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" 75px Walther Bothe(1891–1957)  West German "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith" 1955 75px Willis Lamb(1913–2008)  American "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum" 75px Polykarp Kusch(1911–1993) "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron" 1956 75px John Bardeen(1908–1991)  American "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" 75px Walter Houser Brattain(1902–1987) 75px William Shockley(1910–1989) 1957 75px Lee Tsung-Dao(1926–2024)  Chinese "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" 75px Yang Chen-Ning(b. 1922) 1958 75px Pavel Cherenkov(1904–1990)  Soviet "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" 75px Ilya Frank(1908–1990) 75px Igor Tamm(1895–1971) 1959 75px Emilio Segrè(1905–1989)  Italian American "for their discovery of the antiproton" 75px Owen Chamberlain(1920–2006)  American 1960 Donald A. Glaser(1926–2013)  American "for the invention of the bubble chamber" 1961 75px Robert Hofstadter(1915–1990)  American "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" 75px Rudolf Mössbauer(1929–2011)  West German "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name" 1962 75px Lev Landau(1908–1968)  Soviet "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" 1963 75px Eugene Wigner(1902–1995)  Hungarian American "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" 75px Maria Goeppert-Mayer(1906–1972)  American "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" 75px J. Hans D. Jensen(1907–1973)  West German 1964 75px Nikolay Basov(1922–2001)  Soviet "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle" 75px Alexander Prokhorov(1916–2002) Charles H. Townes(1915–2015)  American 1965 Richard Feynman(1918–1988)  American "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" 75px Julian Schwinger(1918–1994) 75px Shin'ichirō Tomonaga(1906–1979)  Japanese 1966 75px Alfred Kastler(1902–1984)  French "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" 1967 75px Hans Bethe(1906–2005)  American "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" 1968 75px Luis Alvarez(1911–1988)  American "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" 1969 75px Murray Gell-Mann(1929–2019)  American "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" 1970 75px Hannes Alfvén(1908–1995)  Swedish "for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics" 75px Louis Néel(1904–2000)  French "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics" 1971 75px Dennis Gabor(1900–1979)  Hungarian British "for his invention and development of the holographic method" 1972 75px John Bardeen(1908–1991)  American "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" 75px Leon Cooper(b. 1930) 75px John Robert Schrieffer(1931–2019) 1973 75px Leo Esaki(b. 1925)  Japanese "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively" 75px Ivar Giaever(b. 1929)  Norwegian American  Brian Josephson(b. 1940)  British "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect" 1974   Martin Ryle(1918–1984)  British "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars" 75px Antony Hewish(1924–2021) 1975 75px Aage Bohr(1922–2009)  Danish "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" 75px Ben Roy Mottelson(1926–2022)  American Danish 75px James Rainwater(1917–1986)  American 1976 75px Samuel C. C. Ting(b. 1936)  American "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" 75px Burton Richter(1931–2018) 1977 75px Philip Warren Anderson(1923–2020)  American "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" 75px Nevill Francis Mott(1905–1996)  British 75px John Hasbrouck Van Vleck(1899–1980)  American1978 75px Pyotr Kapitsa(1894–1984)  Soviet "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" 75px Arno Allan Penzias(1933–2024)  American "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" 75px Robert Woodrow Wilson(b. 1936) 1979 75px Sheldon Glashow(b. 1932)  American "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" 75px Abdus Salam(1926–1996)  Pakistani 75px Steven Weinberg(1933–2021)  American 1980 75px James Cronin(1931–2016)  American "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" 75px Val Logsdon Fitch(1923–2015) 1981 75px Nicolaas Bloembergen(1920–2017)  Dutch American"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy" 75px Arthur Leonard Schawlow(1921–1999)  American 75px Kai Siegbahn(1918–2007)  Swedish "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy" 1982   Kenneth G. Wilson(1936–2013)  American "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions" 1983 75px Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar(1910–1995)  Indian American "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"  75px William Alfred Fowler(1911–1995)  American "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe" 1984 75px Carlo Rubbia(b. 1934)  Italian "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction" Simon van der Meer(1925–2011)  Dutch 1985 75px Klaus von Klitzing(b. 1943)  West German "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" 1986 Ernst Ruska(1906–1988)  West German "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope" 75px Gerd Binnig(b. 1947) "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" 75px Heinrich Rohrer(1933–2013)  Swiss 1987 75px Georg Bednorz(b. 1950)  West German "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" 75px K. Alex Müller(1927–2023)  Swiss 1988 75px Leon M. Lederman(1922–2018)  American "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino" Melvin Schwartz(1932–2006) 75px Jack Steinberger(1921–2020) 1989 75px Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.(1915–2011)  American "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks" Hans Georg Dehmelt(1922–2017) "for the development of the ion trap technique" Wolfgang Paul(1913–1993)  West German 1990 75px Jerome I. Friedman(b. 1930)  American "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" 75px Henry Way Kendall(1926–1999) 75px Richard E. Taylor(1929–2018)  Canadian 1991 75px Pierre-Gilles de Gennes(1932–2007)  French "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" 1992 75px Georges Charpak(1924–2010)  French "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" 1993 75px Russell Alan Hulse(b. 1950)  American "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation" 75px Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.(b. 1941) 1994 75px Bertram Brockhouse(1918–2003)  Canadian "for the development of neutron spectroscopy" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" 75px Clifford Shull(1915–2001)  American "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" 1995 75px Martin Lewis Perl(1927–2014)  American "for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics" 75px Frederick Reines(1918–1998) "for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics" 1996 75px David Lee(b. 1931)  American "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" 75px Douglas D. Osheroff(b. 1945) 75px Robert Coleman Richardson(1937–2013) 1997 75px Steven Chu(b. 1948)  American "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light." 75px Claude Cohen-Tannoudji(b. 1933)  French 75px William Daniel Phillips(b. 1948)  American 1998 75px Robert B. Laughlin(b. 1950)  American "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" 75px Horst Ludwig Störmer(b. 1949)  German 75px Daniel C. Tsui(b. 1939)  American 1999 75px Gerard 't Hooft(b. 1946)  Dutch "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" 75px Martinus J. G. Veltman(1931–2021) 2000 75px Zhores Alferov(1930–2019)  Russian "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics" 75px Herbert Kroemer(1928–2024)  German 75px Jack Kilby(1923–2005)  American "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" 2001 75px Eric Allin Cornell(b. 1961)  American "for the achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" 75px Carl Wieman(b. 1951) 75px Wolfgang Ketterle(b. 1957)  German 2002 75px Raymond Davis Jr.(1914–2006)  American "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos" 75px Masatoshi Koshiba(1926–2020)  Japanese 75px Riccardo Giacconi(1931–2018)  Italian American "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" 2003 75px Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov(1928–2017)  Russian American "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" 75px Vitaly Ginzburg(1916–2009)  Russian 75px Anthony James Leggett(b. 1938)  British American 2004 75px David Gross(b. 1941)  American "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" Hugh David Politzer(b. 1949) 75px Frank Wilczek(b. 1951) 2005 75px Roy J. Glauber(1925–2018)  American "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence" 75px John L. Hall(b. 1934) "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique" 75px Theodor W. Hänsch(b. 1941)  German 2006 75px John C. Mather(b. 1946)  American "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation" 75px George Smoot(b. 1945) 2007 75px Albert Fert(b. 1938)  French "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance" 75px Peter Grünberg(1939–2018)  German 2008 75px Makoto Kobayashi(b. 1944)  Japanese "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" 75px Toshihide Maskawa(1940–2021) 75px Yoichiro Nambu(1921–2015)  Japanese American "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" 2009 75px Charles K. Kao(1933–2018)  Chinese British "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"  75px Willard S. Boyle(1924–2011)  Canadian "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor" 75px George E. Smith(b. 1930)  American 2010 75px Andre Geim(b. 1958)  Russian British "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" 75px Konstantin Novoselov(b. 1974)2011 75px Saul Perlmutter(b. 1959)  American "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae" 75px Brian P. Schmidt(b. 1967)  Australian 75px Adam G. Riess(b. 1969)  American 2012 75px Serge Haroche(b. 1944)  French "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems." 75px David J. Wineland(b. 1944)  American 2013 75px François Englert(b. 1932)  Belgian "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider" 75px Peter Higgs(1929–2024)  British 2014 75px Isamu Akasaki(1929–2021)  Japanese "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" 75px Hiroshi Amano(b. 1960) 75px Shuji Nakamura(b. 1954)  Japanese American 2015 75px Takaaki Kajita(b. 1959)  Japanese "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass" 75px Arthur B. McDonald(b. 1943)  Canadian 2016 75px David J. Thouless(1934–2019)  British "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter" 75px Duncan Haldane(b. 1951) 75px John M. Kosterlitz(b. 1943)  British American 2017 75px Rainer Weiss(b. 1932)  American "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves" 75px Kip Thorne(b. 1940) 75px Barry Barish(b. 1936) 2018 75px Arthur Ashkin(1922–2020)  American "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems" 75px Gérard Mourou(b. 1944)  French "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" 75px Donna Strickland(b. 1959)  Canadian 2019 75px James Peebles(b. 1935)  Canadian American "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology" 75px Michel Mayor(b. 1942)  Swiss "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" 75px Didier Queloz(b. 1966) 2020 75px Roger Penrose(b. 1931)  British "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" 75px Reinhard Genzel(b. 1952)  German "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" 75px Andrea M. Ghez(b. 1965)  American 2021 75px Syukuro Manabe(b. 1931)  Japanese American "for the physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming"  Klaus Hasselmann(b. 1931)  German 75px Giorgio Parisi(b. 1948)  Italian "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales" 2022 75px Alain Aspect(b. 1947)  French "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science" 75px John Clauser(b. 1942)  American 75px Anton Zeilinger(b. 1945)  Austrian202375pxAnne L'Huillier(b. 1958)  French"for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"  75pxFerenc Krausz(b. 1962)  Hungarian 75pxPierre Agostini(b. 1941)  French202496x96px John Hopfield(b. 1933) American"for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”96x96px Geoffrey Hinton(b. 1947) British Canadian2025 John Clarke(b. 1942)  British"for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an eleectronic circuit"96x96pxMichel Devoret(b. 1953)  French96x96pxJohn M. Martinis(b. 1958)  American 

 Number of Nobel laureates in Physics by country 

CountryNumber of Nobel laureates   91   26   25   17 /  10   9   9   6 6   5   6   4   3  (1912–1949)  2    2  (Taiwan)  2    1    1   1   1   1    1    1

  Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country
 List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry
 List of Nobel Prize winners in Economics
 List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine
 List of Nobel Prize winners in Literature
 List of Nobel Peace Prize winners

Notes

 References 

 Other websites 
 Official site of the Nobel Foundation

Physics
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