Chameleon

Chameleons are a family of lizards. Most can change the colour of their skins for camouflage, or to signal mood to other chameleons. 

They are a clade of lizards. They have parrot-like zygodactylous feet,Zygodactyly: (birds) an arrangement with two toes facing forward (digits 2 and 3) and two back (digits 1 and 4); (chameleons) the feet are fused into a group of two and a group of three toes which oppose one another to grasp branches in a pincer-like arrangement. Zygodactyly is most common in arboreal species, particularly those that climb tree trunks or clamber through foliage.  

Their eyes are separately mobile and stereoscopic.Eyes can focus and move independently. Their very long tongues can flick out, and their movement sways like leaves in the wind. Their prehensile (grabbing) tail can hang onto branches and many can change colour. They eat insects.

Chameleons have long sticky tongues that they can fire out in a fraction of a second. They stretch up to twice their body size. Their eyes can move independently. The largest species is about 50cm (1.5 feet) when fully grown. They are mainly insectivores, but larger species may take occasional smaller lizards and young birds.Dever, Jennifer 2007. Common Chameleon (PDF). usfca.edu. 

There are about 160 species.  They live in Africa, Madagascar, Spain and Portugal, across south Asia, and Sri Lanka. They have been introduced to Hawaii, California and Florida, and are found in warm habitats that vary from rain forest to desert conditions. Chameleons are often kept as household pets.

 Tiny chameleons 
The world's tiniest reptile has been found on Madagascar.  It is a chameleon 13.5mm long.'Smallest reptile on Earth' discovered in Madagascar. BBC News . It hunts for mites on the rainforest floor and hides from predators at night in blades of grass. Other species of tiny chameleons have been found.Glaw, Frank et al. 2012. Rivaling the world's smallest reptiles: discovery of miniaturized and microendemic new species of leaf chameleons (Brookesia) from Northern Madagascar. PLoS. 

 Vision 
Chameleons have 360-degree eye-turning, the ability to zoom in and out, and binocular vision.


Each of the chameleon's eyes can move separately, allowing them to see all around them at all times. 

Chameleons have two eyes whose vision overlaps. This gives them  3D vision. They can switch to monocular vision, which is seeing with each eye independently. This gives them more flexible sight.

 In popular fiction 
 In Disney's Tangled (2010 movie), the main character, Rapunzel, has a green chameleon named Pascal 
 In Rango (2011 movie), the main character, voiced by Johnny Depp, is a chameleon

  References 

 Other websites 

 Chameleons! Online E-zine 
 Chameleon Care and Information Center website
 The Chameleon Forums