Number theory

Number theory is a part of mathematics. It explains what some types of numbers are, what properties they have, and ways that they can be useful.

Topics in number theory are: 
 Prime numbers 
 Factorization 
 Matrix

Important theorems in number theory are: 
 Chinese remainder theorem
 Fundamental theorem of arithmetic 
 Fermat's last theorem 
 Fermat's little theorem 

 Applications 
A well-known application of number theory is encrypted messaging (encryption).  Data compression also makes use of the field.

Further reading
 G.H. Hardy; E.M. Wright (2008) [1938]. An introduction to the theory of numbers. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921986-5.
 Vinogradov, I.M. (2003) [1954]. Elements of Number Theory (reprint o 1954 ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
 Ivan M. Niven; Herbert S. Zuckerman; Hugh L. Montgomery (2008) [1960]. An introduction to the theory of numbers (reprint of the 5th edition 1991 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-81-265-1811-1.
Kenneth H. Rosen (2010). Elementary Number Theory (6th ed.). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-321-71775-7.
 Borevich, A. I.; Shafarevich, Igor R. (1966). Number theory. Pure and Applied Mathematics. 20. Boston, MA: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-117850-5. MR 0195803.
 Serre, Jean-Pierre (1996) [1973]. A course in arithmetic. Graduate texts in mathematics. 7. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-90040-7.

Other websites

 Number Theory 
 Number Theory Web