Yemen

Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen is a nation in the Middle East. It is the old North Yemen and South Yemen, in the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders Saudi Arabia and Oman on the north and the east. To the south is the Guardafui Channel and Gulf of Aden, and to the west is the Red Sea. Yemen owns the island of Socotra (217 miles) to the south off the coast of East Africa. Yemen's capital city is Sana'a.

 History 
In ancient times, Yemen was an important center of trade and power. Many powerful kingdoms were in Yemen, including the Sabaeans. Yemen was important in the trade of spices as well. It was known to the ancient Romans as Arabia Felix ("Happy Arabia" in Latin). They called it Happy Arabia because the area was so beautiful and powerful.

In the 700s, Yemenis were among the first to join the new religion Islam. Since then, Yemenis have been staunch Muslims who were in the forefront of all Islam conquests. Men whose ancestors came from Yemen ruled Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) for centuries. The Ottoman Empire took control of North Yemen, and the British Empire took control of South Yemen, in the early 20th century. The two parts were united in 1990 and later fought civil wars. The latest one started in 2015. Some famous people including former President Ali Abdullah Saleh were killed, and thousands died of hunger.

Today, Yemen has over 35.5 million people. Most of them speak Arabic. The majority are Sunni Muslims; Shia is a large minority. Jews were a large minority in past centuries but most departed in the middle 20th century.

Geography
Yemen is in Western Asia. It is on the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula. A number of Red Sea islands, including the Hanish Islands, Kamaran, and Perim, as well as Socotra in the Arabian Sea, belong to Yemen. Many of the islands are volcanic. For example, Jabal al-Tair had a volcanic eruption in 2007 and before that in 1883. The highest point in Yemen is Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb.

Economy
Yemen is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the Arab World. There is a 35% unemployment rate, which means  35 out of every 100 people in the labor force don't have a job.

 Government 
As a result of the 2011–2012 Yemeni uprising, the constitution of Yemen was rewritten. New elections were to be held in 2014. Some areas are controlled by armed militant groups. On 23 January 2015, the President, Prime Minister and Cabinet resigned. War continued, with Saudi Arabia and Iran supporting different sides.

Governorates
As of February 2004, Yemen is divided into twenty governorates and one municipality called "Amanat Al-Asemah".Governorates of Yemen.

 Division  Capital City Population2004 Census Central Statistical Organisation of Yemen. General Population Housing and Establishment Census 2004 Final Results  , Statistic Yearbook 2005 of Yemen  Population2006 est.Key 'Aden Aden  589,419 634,710  1 'Amran 'Amran  877,786 909,992 2 Abyan Zinjibar  433,819 454,535 3 Ad-Dali' Ad Dali' 470,564 504,533 4 Al Bayda' Al Bayda'  577,369 605,303 5 Al Hudaydah Al-Hudaydah  2,157,552 2,300,179 6 Al Jawf Al-Jawf  443,797 465,737 7 Al-Mahrah Al-Ghaydah  88,594 96,768 8 Al-Mahwit Al-Mahweet  494,557 523,236 9 Amanat Al-Asemah Sana'a  1,747,834 1,947,139 10 Dhamar Dhamar  1,330,108 1,412,142 11 Hadhramaut Al-Mukalla  1,028,556 1,092,967 12 Hajjah Hajjah  1,479,568 1,570,872 13 Ibb Ibb  2,131,861 2,238,537 14 Lahij Lahij  722,694 761,160 15 Ma'rib Ma'rib  238,522 251,668 16 Raymah ElJabeen  394,448 418,659 17 Sa'dah Sa`dah  695,033 746,957 18 Sana'a Sana'a  919,215 957,798 19 Shabwah Ataq  470,440 494,638 20 Taiz Taiz  1,121,000 2,513,003 21

The governorates are divided into 333 districts. The districts are divided into 2,210 sub-districts, and then into 38,284 villages (as of 2001).

 Demographics 
Yemen has about 34 million people according to June 2023 estimates. 46% of the people are under 15 years old. Yemenis are mainly of Arab origin. Arabic is the official language.

Religion in Yemen is mostly of two main Islamic religious groups; 53% of the Muslim population is Sunni and 45% is Shiite according to the UNHCR.UNHRC – Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate – analysis

According to 2009 estimates, life expectancy in Yemen is 63.27 years.

Sport

Football is the most popular sport in Yemen. The Yemen national football team competes in the FIFA and the AFC leagues. The country also hosts many football clubs that compete in the national or international leagues.

Yemen's mountains have many opportunities for outdoor sports, such as rock climbing, hill climbing, and hiking. The coast of Yemen and Socotra island have opportunities for water sports, such as surfing, sailing, swimming, and scuba diving. Socotra island is one of the best surfing places in the world.

Yemen's biggest sports event was hosting the 2010 Gulf Cup of Nations.

References

Notes

 Other websites 

 Yemen -Citizendium


Category:Least developed countries
Category:Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Category:1990 establishments in Asia
Category:Current dictatorships