1709

Events 
 January 10 - Abraham Darby I makes cast iron using coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England.
 February - In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated one more time with Masque de la Mobile in the capital of French Louisianne, Mobile (Alabama), before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43 km) down the Mobile River to Mobile Bay in 1711.
 February 2 - Alexander Selkirk is rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe.
 July 8 (New Style) - Battle of Poltava: In Ukraine, Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava (see above).
 August 8 - The hot air balloon of Bartolomeu de Gusmão flies in Portugal.
 September 11 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, the Netherlands and Austria defeat France.
 October 12 - The City of Chihuahua, México is founded.
 December 25 - In London, 10 ships leave for the New York colony, carrying over 4,000 people.

Births
 February 24 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor (d. 1782)
 March 10 – Georg Steller, German naturalist (d. 1746)
 August 7 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, French poet (d. 1784)
 August 8 – Tokugawa Ietsugu, 7th Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan (d. 1716)
 September 18 – Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (d. 1784)
 November 2 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, (d. 1759)
 December 18 – Elizabeth of Russia, reigning Empress of Russia (d. 1762)
 John Cleland, English novelist (d. 1789)
 Charles Collé, French dramatist (d. 1783)

 References