Hildesheim

is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany.  It is in the district of Hildesheim and is about 30 km southeast of Hanover.  The city is on the banks of the River Innerste, which is a smaller river that flows into the River Leine.  It can be reached from Autobahn A7, which links Kassel, Göttingen and Hanover.

It has about 110,000 people living there.

 History 
Hildesheim is one of the oldest cities in North Germany.  The city may have been founded when the bishop moved from Elze to the Innerste ford, where it was an important market on the Hellweg trade route. The settlement soon grew into a town which was granted market rights by King Otto III in 983.Neigenfind, W.: Unsere schöne Stadt, p.46. Hildesheim 1964.  Originally the market was held on a street called Old Market (Alter Markt), which still exists today.  The first market place was laid out around Saint Andrew's Church. As the city grew larger, a larger market place became more important.  The current market place in Hildesheim was made at the start of the 13th century when the city had a population of about 5,000.  When Hildesheim obtained city rights in 1249, it was one of the largest cities in Northern Germany.Neigenfind, W.: Unsere schöne Stadt, p.38. Hildesheim 1964.  For four centuries the clergy ruled Hildesheim, before a city hall was built and the citizens gained some influence and independence.  Construction of the present City Hall started in 1268,Borck, Heinz-Günther: Der Marktplatz zu Hildesheim, p.24. Hildesheim 1989. and in 1367 Hildesheim became a member of the Hanseatic League. A war between the citizens and their bishop cost dearly in 1519-1523 when they engaged in a feud. Hildesheim became Protestant in 1542, and only the cathedral and a few other buildings remained in Imperial (Roman Catholic) hands. Several villages around the city remained Roman Catholic as well. In 1813, after the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 as a province.

The city was bombed in World War II, but the bombing had little importance in the course of the war.  28.5% of the houses were destroyed and 44.7% damaged.  26.8% of the houses had no damage.  The center, which still had its medieval character until then, was almost levelled. As in many cities, priority was given to rapid building of badly needed housing, and concrete structures took the place of the destroyed buildings. Fortunately, most of the major churches, two of them now UNESCO World Heritage Sites, were rebuilt in the original style soon after the war. During the war, valuable world heritage materials had been hidden in the basement of the city wall. In 1978, the University of Hildesheim was founded. In the 1980s a reconstruction of the historic center began.  Some of the new concrete buildings near the marketplace were torn down.  Replicas of the original buildings were built in their place.

 Population history 
 Year  Population 1400  around 6,000 1450  around 8,000 1648  around 5,500 1803  11,108 1825  12,630 1849  14,651 1871  20,801 December 1, 1875 ¹  22,581 December 1, 1890 ¹  33,481 December 1, 1900 ¹  42,973 December 1, 1910 ¹  50,239 October 8, 1919 ¹  53,499 June 16, 1925 ¹  58,522 June 16, 1933 ¹  62,519 May 17, 1939 ¹  72,101 September 13, 1950 ¹  65,531 June 6, 1961 ¹  96,296 December 31, 1970  93,400 June 30, 1975  106,000 June 30, 1980  102,700 June 30, 1985  100,900 January 1, 1989  103,512 June 30, 1997  105,700 December 31, 2002  103,448
¹ census data

 Images of the city 

 References 

 Other websites 

 The city's website.
 360° Panoramas Hildesheim
 Article about Hildesheim
 Pictures