Korean War

The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁, Russian: Корейская Война, Chinese: 朝鲜战争) took place between 25 June 1950 and 27 July 1953. It was a civil war fought between the Republic of Korea (South Korea), and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). South Korea was supported by the militaries of several countries of the United Nations, commanded by the United States.  North Korea was supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The war began at 4:30 a.m. on 25 June 1950. The fighting stopped on 27 July 1953. More than two million Koreans had been killed, mostly in the North.

Both sides blame each other for starting the war. The North, led by the communist Kim Il-Sung, was helped mostly by China, led by Mao Zedong, and the Soviet Union, led by Joseph Stalin. There was medical support from East Germany, led by Walter Ulbricht); Hungary, led by Mátyás Rákosi; Romania, led by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej; Czechoslovakia, led by Klement Gottwald; Poland, led by Bolesław Bierut; and Bulgaria. Other support came from Mongolia, led by Khorloogiin Choibalsan 

The South, led by the nationalist Syngman Rhee, was helped by many countries in the United Nations, especially the United States. British troops were on the ground in smaller numbers. The U.S. forces included detachments from its Air Force and Navy.

The war ended on 27 July, 1953. The United States keeps troops in South Korea in case North Korea ever invades again. Both Koreas are divided by the Korean Demilitarized Zone, which crosses the 38th parallel.

 Origins and causes 
In 1910, fifteen years after the First Sino-Japanese War, Japan annexed Korea and was still ruling when World War II ended in 1945. After Japan had surrendered, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to split Korea into two occupation zones for a short time, with the Soviets occupying the north and the Americans occupying the south.

At the Moscow Conference of the Council of Foreign Ministers in December 1945, the Americans and the Soviets agreed on Korea having a provisional government, which would not last long. That became difficult because of the rise of the Cold War.Keely Rogers and Jo Thomas, History 20th Century World – The Cold War (2008) p.50

The Cold War was an important cause in the Korean War. Relations between the two occupying powers were already bad, but when China became communist in October 1949, US President Harry Truman was very worried that other countries around China would go communist as well, such as Japan. The US Army was a twelfth the size that it had been of five years earlier.Active Duty Military Personnel, 1941–2011 inforplease.com 

Stalin had recently lost a Cold War dispute over the Berlin Blockade and the subsequent airlift. Both powers argued mainly over fair border lines and the spread of communism.

 Events 
200px|thumb|UN Forces landing at Inchon
25 June 1950
 North Korea invades South Korea across the 38th parallel and takes most of South Korea. The South Korean Army retreats to Busan.
July 1950
 The United Nations Army intervenes and lands at Incheon, a small port just about halfway down South Korea. From there, they fight North Korea, push it past the border, and separate the Koreas close to the Chinese border just south of the Yalu River.
 China starts to feel threatened since the war happens so close to it. It tells the UN and South Korea to return to the border and that they have no business to invade North Korea.
October 1950
 The warning given by the Chinese is ignored by the UN (led by US General Douglas MacArthur) and so the Chinese People's Liberation Army intervenes and lands in North Korea and fights the UN forces until they are pushed past the border.
 December 1950
 Because MiG-15s are beating America's Lockheed P-80 Shooting Stars, the F-86 Sabre goes to Korea.
February 1951
 Fighting continues until order is restored and neither army is in each other's country, when peace talks begin.
11 April 1951
 MacArthur is relieved of his commands for making public statements that contradicted the administration's policies. He wants to invade North Korea again.
March 1951 – 27 July 1953
 Peace talks continue until 27 July 1953, when no peace is declared, but an armistice is signed by both countries, and the UN withdraws.

 Results 
 Country  Positive  Negative United States The expansion of communism is stopped from entering South Korea. Greece and Turkey join NATO. The Truman Doctrine is upheld. Found by other countries to be far too aggressive, which makes them nervous.   UN  Countries united and militarily tested for first time  Wins only by violence, not peace talks. Both Koreas  North Korea stays communist and gets treaty with China. South Korea stays capitalist.  Many people die. Much property is wrecked. No reunification occurs. People's Republic of China  A foreign war unites the country and improves its rulers' prestige.  Reputation damaged, political setback. Not allowed on UN Security Council until 1971. Soviet Union  The expansion of capitalism is stopped from entering North Korea. The Soviet Air Force is tested against that of United States.  Loss of money, loses China's trust

 Statistics 
 Total strength 
Approximate numbers
 United Nations 
 South Korea – 628,345 soldiers
 United States - 327,000 soldiers and 1 horse
 United Kingdom - 14,200 soldiers
 Canada – 8,100 soldiers
 Turkey – 5,500 soldiers
 Australia – 2,300 soldiers
 Philippines – 1,600 soldiers
 New Zealand – 1,400 soldiers
 Netherlands – 3,418 soldiers
 Ethiopia – 1,300 soldiers
 Greece – 1,250 soldiers
 Colombia – 1,300 soldiers
 Thailand – 1,200 soldiers
 Belgium – 891 soldiers
 South Africa – 873 soldiers
 France – 800 soldiers
 Luxembourg – 44 soldiers
 Total – 972,022 soldiers

 Communist 
 North Korea – 260,600 soldiers
 China – 1,358,456 soldiers
 Soviet Union – 26,000 soldiers
 Total – 1,642,600 soldiers

 Losses 
 United Nations 
 South Korea – 205,000 deaths – 905,800 wounded
 United States – 100,503 ? deaths – 92,073 wounded
 United Kingdom – 1,078 deaths – 2,674 wounded
 Turkey – 721 deaths – 2,109 wounded
 Canada – 507 deaths – 1,001 wounded
 Australia – 380 deaths – 1,192 wounded
 New Zealand – 34 deaths – 80 wounded
 Netherlands – 150 deaths – 3 wounded
 France – 69 deaths
 Luxembourg – 2 deaths – 2 wounded

 Communists 
 North Korea – 257,806 deaths
 China – about 180,000 deaths
 Soviet Union – about 300 deaths

 Television 
The popular television show M*A*S*H, about American doctors serving in the Korean War, lasted longer than the fighting.

 Related pages 
 Cold War

 References 

 Other websites 
 A Korean War timeline of events
 Search list of names of the dead
 Korean War – Citizendium


Category:Cold War
Category:Wars involving Australia
Category:Wars involving Belgium
Category:Wars involving Canada
Category:Wars involving France
Category:Wars involving Greece
Category:Wars involving New Zealand
Category:Wars involving South Africa
Category:Wars involving the Netherlands
Category:Wars involving the United Kingdom
Category:Wars involving the United States
Category:1950 in Asia
Category:1951 in Asia
Category:1952 in Asia
Category:1953 in Asia
Category:1950s conflicts
Category:History of Korea
Category:Wars involving the Soviet Union