Periodic table

The periodic table is a table that puts all known chemical elements in a specific order. Elements that have similar characteristics are often put near each other.  In the table, the elements are placed in the order of their atomic numbers starting with the lowest number of one, hydrogen. The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons in that particular nucleus of an atom. In the  table the elements are arranged into periods and group. A row of elements across the table is called a period. Each period has a number; from 1 to 8. Period 1 has only 2 elements in it: hydrogen and helium. Period 2 and Period 3 both have 8 elements. Other periods are longer. Elements in a period have consecutive atomic numbers. 

The periodic classification of elements offers a systematic approach to organizing and studying the universe's vast array of elements. This method is crucial for comprehending the chemistry of elements and their compounds. By grouping elements with similar properties, scientists uncover patterns and trends in these fundamental building blocks of matter. Read more ...

A column of elements down the table is called a group. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table.  Each group has a number: from 1 to 18. Elements in a group have electrons arranged in similar ways, according to the number of valency electrons, which gives them similar chemical properties (they behave in similar ways).  For example, group 18 is known as the noble gases because they are all gases and they do not combine with other atoms. Read more ...

There are two systems of group numbers; one using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3) and the other using Roman numerals (I, II, III). The Roman numeral names were used in most of the 20th century.  In 1990 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decided to use the new system with Arabic numerals, to replace the two old group systems that used Roman numerals.

 The periodic classification of elements is a systematic way of organizing elements based on their chemical and physical properties.
 Understanding the periodic table and its patterns helps predict the behavior and reactivity of elements.
 Mendeleev's periodic table and the modern periodic table are two important milestones in the classification of elements.
 Periodic trends, such as atomic size, valency, and electronegativity, can be observed within the periodic table. Read more ...

The periodic table was invented by the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (18341907). In his honor, element 101 was named after him, mendelevium.

 Standard periodic table 
Group →123456789101112131415161718Period ↓11H
Hydrogen2He
Helium23Li
Lithium4Be
Beryllium5B
Boron6C
Carbon7N
Nitrogen8O
Oxygen9F
Fluorine10Ne
Neon311Na
Sodium12Mg
Magnesium13Al
Aluminium14Si
Silicon15P
Phosphorus16S
Sulfur17Cl
Chlorine18Ar
Argon419K
Potassium20Ca
Calcium21Sc
Scandium22Ti
Titanium23V
Vanadium24Cr
Chromium25Mn
Manganese26Fe
Iron27Co
Cobalt28Ni
Nickel29Cu
Copper30Zn
Zinc31Ga
Gallium32Ge
Germanium33As
Arsenic34Se
Selenium35Br
Bromine36Kr
Krypton537Rb
Rubidium38Sr
Strontium39Y
Yttrium40Zr
Zirconium41Nb
Niobium42Mo
Molybdenum43Tc
Technetium44Ru
Ruthenium45Rh
Rhodium46Pd
Palladium47Ag
Silver48Cd
Cadmium49In
Indium50Sn
Tin51Sb
Antimony52Te
Tellurium53I
Iodine54Xe
Xenon655Cs
Cesium56Ba
Barium*
Lanthanides72Hf
Hafnium73Ta
Tantalum74W
Tungsten75Re
Rhenium76Os
Osmium77Ir
Iridium78Pt
Platinum79Au
Gold
</td>80Hg
Mercury81Tl
Thallium82Pb
Lead83Bi
Bismuth84Po
Polonium85At
Astatine86Rn
Radon787 Fr
Francium88Ra
Radium**
Actinides104Rf
Rutherfordium105Db
Dubnium106Sg
Seaborgium107Bh
Bohrium108Hs
Hassium109Mt
Meitnerium110Ds
Darmstadtium111Rg
Roentgenium112Cn
Copernicium113Nh
Nihonium114Fl
Flerovium115Mc
Moscovium116Lv
Livermorium117Ts
Tennessine118Og
Oganesson* Lanthanide Series57La
Lanthanum58Ce
Cerium59Pr
Praseodymium60Nd
Neodymium61Pm
Promethium62Sm
Samarium63Eu
Europium64Gd
Gadolinium65Tb
Terbium66Dy
Dysprosium67Ho
Holmium68Er
Erbium69Tm
Thulium70Yb
Ytterbium71Lu
Lutetium** Actinide Series89Ac
Actinium90Th
Thorium91Pa
Protactinium92U
Uranium93Np
Neptunium94Pu
Plutonium95Am
Americium96Cm
Curium97Bk
Berkelium98Cf
Californium99Es
Einsteinium100Fm
Fermium101Md
Mendelevium102No
Nobelium103Lr
Lawrencium

Chemical Series of the Periodic Table

 Alkali metals
 Alkaline earths
 Lanthanides
 Actinides
 Transition metals
 Poor metals
 Metalloids/Semi metals/Half metals
 Nonmetals
 Halogens
 Noble gases

State at standard temperature and pressure. The color of the number (atomic number) above the element symbol shows the state of the element at normal conditions.
 those in blue are gases,
 those in green are liquids,
 and those in black are solids.

Radioactivity

 Those with solid borders have stable isotopes (Primordial Elements)
 Those with dashed borders have only radioactive naturally occurring isotopes
 Those with dotted borders do not occur naturally (Synthetic Elements)

 Other arrangements of the Periodic Table 
The version of the periodic table shown above is the one most used.  Other widespread versions are shown below:

 Other versions 
 The standard table provides the basics. It is shown above
 A vertical table for improved readability in web browsers
 The big table provides the basics plus full element names
 The huge table provides the basics plus full element names and atomic masses
 Electron configurations
 Metals and Non Metals
 List of elements: includes name, symbol, atomic number, atomic mass, group, and period; sortable by any of those
 List of elements by symbol
 List of elements by boiling point
 List of elements by melting point
 List of elements by density
 Class 10 notes Periodic Classification

 Related pages 
 Periodic table group
 Periodic table period
Extended periodic table

References

 Other websites 

 Periodic Table of the Elements – displays basic properties
 WebElements Periodic table