Luxembourg

Luxembourg (officially called the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ) is a landlocked country in Western Europe.  

It is a small country by land area. In 2025, its population was 681,973, making it one of Europe's most densely populated countries.  

It was one of the first countries in the European Union. It is also a member of the Benelux. The countries next to Luxembourg are Belgium, Germany, and France. The main language is Luxembourgish but French and German is also spoken there.

History
In 963, Luxembourg was founded. Sigefroid, Count of Ardennes, came to own the ruins of an old Roman fort called "Castellum Lucilinburhuc" ("Little Castle") from the monks of the Abbey of St. Maximin in Trier. In 1354, the emperor Charles IV made Luxembourg a duchy. In 1443, Luxembourg was captured by Philip of Burgundy.Michel Pauly, Geschichte Luxemburgs 2013 p.35

In, 1795, after the French revolution Luxembourg was taken over by France. It became a département of France. In 1815, Luxembourg became a grand duchy. It was ruled by the king of the Netherlands. From 1815 to 1866, Luxembourg became a member of the German Confederation. In 1890, after the death of William III, Luxembourg passed to the House of Nassau-Weilburg.Kreins (2003), p. 66

Between 1914 to 1918, Luxembourg was conquered by Germany during World War I. In 1940, the Germans returned during World War II, and in 1942 Luxembourg became part of the Third Reich. In 1944, Luxembourg became independent in September because the United States Army arrived. In 1945, Luxembourg joined the United Nations.

In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the first six members of the European Economic Community. In 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport free to use.

Politics
Luxembourg is a parliamentary democracy lead by a constitutional monarch. Under the constitution of 1868, executive power is in the hands of the Governor and the cabinet, which consists of several other ministers.

Climate

Luxembourg has a continental climate.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Luxembourg was , on 25 July 2019 in Steinsel.

The lowest temperature ever recorded in Luxembourg was  on 2 February 1956 in Wiltz.

 Top 5 warmest days 
 Rank Temperature  Date Location  1.  25 July 2019 Steinsel 2.  12 August 2003 Schengen 3.  19 July 2022 Esch-sur-Alzette 4.   8 August 2003 Remich 5.  9 August 2020 Esch-sur-Alzette

Districts, cantons, and communes
Luxembourg is divided into twelve cantons. These twelve cantons are divided into 102 communes (towns or cities), which have local governments.

Districts
Until 2015, Luxembourg's cantons were sorted into three districts. These are not to be confused with the electoral districts of Luxembourg, which are used to elect members of the parliament.

The districts were:
Diekirch
Grevenmacher
Luxembourg

Related pages
List of rivers of Luxembourg
Luxembourg at the Olympics
Luxembourg national football team

References


Category:European Union member states
Category:Benelux
Category:Current monarchies
Category:French-speaking countries
Category:German-speaking countries