1643

Events 
January 21 – Abel Tasman discovers Tonga
February 6 – Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands.
 May 19 – Battle of Rocroi: French victory over the Spanish at Rocroi, France.
 July 13 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
 An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn inaugurated as the last king of Connacht
 Austro-Bavarian army defeats French at Duttlingen.
The Royalist forces supporting Charles I in the English Civil War win the Battle of Adwalton Moor and gain control of Yorkshire.
End of the reign of Empress Meisho of Japan
Emperor Go-Komyo ascends to the throne of Japan
Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer
New England Confederation is formed
Battle of Tüttlingen fought
Baden-Baden pillaged by the French
John Colgan published the first two volumes of the Acta Sanctorum
Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve places the first cross atop Mount Royal
Åmål is granted its city charter
Miyamoto Musashi dictates The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho) to his student, completing it in 1654 just before his death
 Hong Taiji, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of the Manchu dies and is succeeded by his five-year-old son, the later Shunzhi Emperor of China.
 Roger Williams, a co-founder of Rhode Island, publishes A Key Into the Language of America
 Evangelista Torricelli invented the Barometer.
 Births 
 January 4 – Sir Isaac Newton, English scientist (d. 1727)

 Deaths