Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was an Italian politician who was the dictator of Italy during the Fascist era, which lasted from the March on Rome in 1922 until his overthrow in 1943.

Life
Early life
Benito Mussolini was named after Benito Juarez, a Mexican opponent of the political power of the Roman Catholic Church, by his anticlerical (a person who opposes the political interference of the Roman Catholic Church in secular affairs) father.Brendon, Piers The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s Vintage Books 2000 page 128 Mussolini's father was a blacksmith.Mussolini, Benito (1998) My Rise and Fall Da Capo Press page 3 Before being involved in politics, Mussolini was a newspaper editor (where he learned all his propaganda skills) and elementary school teacher.Mussolini, Benito My Rise and Fall Da Capo Press 1998 pages 11-12

At first, Mussolini was a socialist, but when he wanted Italy to join the First World War, he was thrown out of the socialist party. He 'invented' a new ideology, Fascism, much out of Nationalist and Conservative views.
Rise to power and becoming dictator
In 1922, he took power by having a large group of men, "Black Shirts," march on Rome and threaten to take over the government. King Vittorio Emanuele III gave in, allowed him to form a government, and made him prime minister. In the following five years, he gained power, and in 1927 created the OVRA, his personal secret police force. Using the agency to arrest, scare, or murder people against his regime, Mussolini was dictator of Italy by the end of 1927. Only the King and his own Fascist party could challenge his power.
Fascism as practiced by Mussolini
Mussolini's form of Fascism, "Italian Fascism"- unlike Nazism, the racist ideology that Adolf Hitler followed- was different and less destructive than Hitler's. Although a believer in the superiority of the Italian nation and national unity, Mussolini, unlike Hitler, is quoted "Race? It is a feeling, not a reality. Nothing will ever make me believe that biologically pure races can be shown to exist today".http://www.kennethbillings.org/mussolini.html  1941 book "Dictators and Democrats"

Mussolini wanted Italy to become a new Roman Empire. In 1923, he attacked the island of Corfu, and in 1924, he occupied the city state of Fiume. In 1935, he attacked the African country Abyssinia (now called Ethiopia). His forces occupied it in 1936. Italy was thrown out of the League of Nations because of this aggression. In 1939, he occupied the country Albania. In 1936, Mussolini signed an alliance with Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany.

 Downfall and death 

When the war was almost over, Mussolini tried to escape to Switzerland with his mistress, Clara Petacci, but they were both captured and shot by partisans. Mussolini's dead body was hanged upside-down, together with his mistress and some of Mussolini's helpers, on a pole at a gas station in the village of Milan, which is near the border  between Italy and Switzerland.

Post-war period
After the war, several Neo-Fascist movements have had success in Italy, the most important being the Movimento Sociale Italiano. His granddaughter Alessandra Mussolini has outspoken views similar to Fascism. 
Legacy
Other websites

  Mussolini's "Last Will", April 22, 1945 (in Italian). From 'Il Giornale' newspaper 
References

Category:Fascists
Category:1883 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:Former dictators
Category:Italian generals
Category:Italian atheists
Category:Italian journalists
Category:Prime ministers of Italy
Category:Province of Forlì-Cesena
Category:Deaths by firearm in Italy
Category:People executed by firearm
Category:Politicians from Emilia-Romagna
Category:Former members of the Order of the Bath
Category:Anti-communists