Pope John XXIII

Pope John XXIII (; ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (25 November 1881 - 3 June 1963), was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 262nd Pope from 1958 to 1963. "List of Popes,"  Catholic Encyclopedia (2009). Retrieved 2011-11-02.

Early life
Roncalli was born in Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII in northern Italy.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "A Liberal Pontiff," New York Times. June 4, 1963. Retrieved 2011-10-28.

Priest
In 1904 he was ordained as a priest in the Roman Church of Santa Maria. Later in 1905, the new Bishop of Bergamo, Giacomo Maria Radini Tedeschi, appointed Angelo his secretary. Angelo went with Bishop Giacomo to all his pastoral visits. Angelo also helped him with many other tasks like managing the diocesan bulletin, going on pilgrimages, and social works. Angelo did more than just that while in the seminary; using his very good preaching skills he taught history, patrology, and apologetics. It was in the seminary he met the two future saints that would affect his life dramatically. These two Saints were St. Charles Borromeo and St. Francis de Sales, who were both very good pastors in the same seminary, and had a kind of apprentice like relationship. Father Angelo was extremely devoted to Bishop Giacomo until his death in 1914. After Bishop Giacomo’s death, Father Angelo continued teaching in the seminary, but was dragged into World War I and served as a medical corps sergeant after the war started Italy’s first home for poor young students. His life after the war started changing dramatically, and he even got the attention of Pope Pius XI.

Bishop
From 1925 to 1944, Roncalli was a papal representative in the Balkans and the Mideast.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "Cardinal Roncalli Elected Pope," New York Times. October 29, 1958. Retrieved 2011-10-28. 

Pope Pius XI named him Apostolic Visitator in Bulgaria, which brought him to the episcopate with the titular Diocese of Areopolis. He chose a motto, Oboedientia et Pax, which was his motto for the rest of his life.

Cardinal
Roncalli was Patriarch of Venice from 1953 to 1958.Doty, Robert C.  "Court on Sainthood for Pope John Opens in Venice," New York Times. March 16, 1968. Retrieved 2011-10-18. Venice is the see of a cardinal. "Pope Names Successor For His Post in Venice," New York Times. November 12, 1958. Retrieved 2011-10-28.

Pope
Cardinal Roncalli was elected pope on October 29, 1958.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "Cardinal Roncalli Elected Pope," New York Times. October 29, 1958. Retrieved 2011-10-28.  His coronation was televised in Europe, and filmed for viewing in other parts of the world.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "Coronation Rites for Pontiff Begin in Rome Splendor," New York Times. November 04, 1958. Retrieved 2011-10-28.

Pope John expanded the College of Cardinals by naming the first African Cardinal, the first Japanese Cardinal, the first Filipino Cardinal.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "Pope John Names a Negro Cardinal; A Native African, a Japanese and a Filipino Among 7 to Be Princes of Church," New York Times. March 4, 1960. Retrieved 2011-10-28. and the first Venezuelan Cardinal.Cortesi, Arnaldo. "4 New Cardinals Elevated in Rome," New York Times. January 17, 1961; retrieved 2011-10-28; Laurean Rugambwa (1st African cardinal), Peter Tatsuo Doi (1st Japanese cardinal), Rufino Santos (1st Filipino cardinal), José Quintero Parra (1st Venezuelan cardinal). 

He was the first Pope to make an official visit to the President of the Italian Republic at the Quirinal Palace.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "John XXIII Is First Pope to Call on Italian President," New York Times. May 12, 1963. Retrieved 2011-10-18. 

Second Vatican Council 
Pope John brought together the church's bishops and cardinals in a meeting called Vatican Council II. After  Pope John XXIII's death in June 1963, the Council was continued by his successor, Pope Paul VI. The Council was completed in 1965. 

After his death
John XXIII is buried with other popes in a crypt below St. Peter's Basilica.Cortesi, Arnaldo.  "Pope John Buried in Basilica Crypt," New York Times. June 7, 1963. Retrieved 2011-10-28.  According to the official news agency of the Soviet Union, the pope's reign "was marked by fruitful activity for the sake of consolidating peace and peaceful cooperation among nations." "Tass Hails Pope John; Cites 'Fruitful Activity'," New York Times. June 04, 1963. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
On September 3, 2000, Pope John XXIII was beatified and given the title of "Blessed John XXIII". On April 27, 2014, Pope John XXIII was canonized by Pope Francis and declared a new Saint of the Catholic Church given the title of "Saint John XXIII" alongside Pope John Paul II now known as "Saint John Paul II".

Related pages
 List of popes

References

 Other websites 

 Vatican webpage, John XXIII biography
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Paul IV
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church ,  Cardinal Roncalli 



Category:1881 births
Category:1963 deaths

Category:Italian popes
Category:Beatified people
Category:Time People of the Year
Category:People from Lombardy