Cathedral

A cathedral is a Christian church that is the office of a Bishop or Archbishop. As cathedrals serving as the office, they are central church of a diocese or archdiocese. Only those Christian denominations have cathedrals. Cathedrals can be found in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican as well as some Lutheran churches. 

In the Greek Orthodox Church, the terms "kathedrikos naos" (literally: "cathedral shrine") and "metropolis" (literally "mother city") are both used to describe the same thing. "Metropolis" is more common, but both terms are officially used.

There are variations on the use of the term "cathedral"; for example, some pre-Reformation cathedrals in Scotland now within the Church of Scotland still retain the term cathedral, despite the Church's Presbyterian polity which does not have bishops. As cathedrals are often particularly impressive buildings, the term is often used incorrectly to refer to any large important church. Some churches are bigger than the cathedral.

Several cathedrals in Europe, such as Cologne, and in England at York, Norwich and Southwell, are referred to as Minster (German: Münster) churches, from Latin monasterium, because the establishments were served by canons living in community or may have been an abbey, prior to the Reformation. The other kind of great church in Western Europe is the abbey.

 Definition 

The word cathedral is derived from the Latin noun "cathedra" (seat or chair), and refers to the presence of the bishop's or archbishop's chair or throne serving as his office. In the ancient world, the chair was the symbol of a teacher and thus of his role as teacher, and also of an official presiding as a magistrate and thus of the role in governing a diocese or archdiocese.

The word cathedral, though now grammatically used as a noun, is originally the adjective in the phrase "cathedral church", from the Latin "ecclesia cathedralis". The seat marks the place set aside in the prominent church for the head and is therefore a major symbol of office.New Standard Encyclopedia, 1992 by Standard Educational Corporation, Chicago, Illinois; page C-172/3

Many cathedrals are very old.

Cathedrals which are not the seat of a bishop
Some churches are called cathedral, but they are not the office of a bishop or archbishop. This  may be because the way the church is organised changed over time. This is the case for Our Lady of Sorrows Church, Poprad, in Slovakia, for example. In Slovak language, this church is called cathedral. It is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš. This diocese was re-organised several times. Currently, the cathedral of the diocese is St. Martin's Cathedral (Spišská Kapitula). Churches that formerly were a diocesan seat may be called concathedral, co-cathedral, or pro-cathedral.

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