Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian 15th-century Inca site in Peru, in South America.

The Incas built the city on an Andes mountain ridge, 2430m above sea level. They lived there between 1200 and 1450 AD. Other people lived there before about 650 AD. 

The Incas built houses, fields and temples by cutting the rock on the mountain so it was flat. They built some observatories to look at the stars.

When the Spanish invaded Peru, the Incas left Machu Picchu. Nobody knows for sure why they did that, but some think it was because of diseases from Europe (such as smallpox). The city was left unfinished, most likely due to the Spanish invasion and/or a civil war between the ruling rival Inca brothers named Huascar and Atahualpa. The Spanish never found Machu Picchu or the lost city during their occupation.

Machu Picchu is very difficult to get to because it is so high in the mountains. It has only one way in and a stone wall to protect it. Most people on Earth did not know it was there until a Yale graduate named Hiram Bingham rediscovered it in 1911. He heard rumors of a hidden city which was already known to the native Peruvians, who guided him there. He led a restoration project that was partly funded by the National Geographic Society. Bingham made a deal with the government to take artifacts to the Peabody Museum for study. Peru is still trying to have those artifacts returned to them.

Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll.

Today, there is a new road so that tourists can visit. People can also walk along the Inca Trail, or take a train from Cusco.

 Facts 
In the Quechua Indian language, “Machu Picchu” means “Old Peak” or “Old Mountain.”

Machu Picchu is made up of more than 150 buildings ranging from baths and houses to temples and sanctuaries.

There are more than 100 separate flights of stairs. Most of the individual staircases were carved from one slab of stone.

Other websites

  Official website of the Ministry of Culture of Peru
 UNESCO – Machu Picchu (World Heritage)
 Machu Picchu Multimedia Resources
Stories on Machu Picchu by Fernando Astete, former Chief of National Archaeological Park of Machupicchu
Plants and animals in Machu Picchu 

Images
 First photographs of Hiram Bingham in Machu Picchu
 Archive of Fernando Astete, former Chief of the National Archaeological Park of Machupicchu

Category:Inca
Category:World Heritage Sites in South America
Category:1450s establishments
Category:Establishments in Peru
Category:1572 disestablishments
Category:16th-century disestablishments in South America
Category:Cusco Region