Pope

The Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church in religious contexts and, politically, the head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State, formerly the Papal States.Thomas J. Reese, Inside the Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 10 The 2025 papal conclave elected Leo XIV.
The Pope is elected by Cardinals. While any Catholic male in good standing with the church is considered eligible for the papacy, in practice the Pope is selected from amongst the college. Once they are elected, the Pope holds the position for life, or until he voluntarily resigns. In 2013, Pope Benedict XVI was the first Pope to resign in over 500 years. The Pope can’t be an organ donor.

A newly elected Pope chooses a regnal name, separate from his baptismal or birth name.

The title Pope is derived from the Greek word pappas, meaning "father"."Pope,"  'Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2013-4-1. Catholic doctrine holds that when making statements ex cathedra, that is official statements teaching about faith and morals, the Pope is infallible - which means God will not allow his followers to be misled by allowing their leader to make a false statement.

In the modern era, Popes are considered world leaders who travel on diplomatic missions- preaching as well as serving as a government representative of the Holy See. The Holy See is also represented by the apostolic nuncio, similar to an ambassador.

As head of the Holy See, the Pope is protected by the Swiss Guard and Vatican Gendarmerie, and is considered a citizen of Vatican City.

 Recent popes 
Recent Popes, and their tenures:
 Pope John XXIII, 1958-1963
 Pope Paul VI, 1963-1978
 Pope John Paul I, 1978
 Pope John Paul II, 1978-2005
 Pope Benedict XVI, 2005-2013Lizzy Davies.  "Pope Benedict XVI resigns," Guardian UK). 11 February 2013; retrieved 2013-2-11.
 Pope Francis, 2013-2025
 Pope Leo XIV, 2025-Present

 The Popes in Avignon 
During parts of the Middle Ages, the French kings had a lot of influence in Europe. For this reason, seven popes (and two anti-popes) lived in Avignon, rather than Rome. The Avignon Papacy was from 1309 to 1377. During that time, the popes were known for their greed and corruption.Durant, Will. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter I. The Roman Catholic Church." 1300-1517. p. 3-25 These popes were allies of France; the enemies of France were also their enemies.Durant, Will. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter II. England: Wyclif, Chaucer, and the Great Revolt." 1308-1400. p. 26-57

The Bishops of Rome who lived in Avignon were:
Pope Clement V: 1305–1314
Pope John XXII: 1316–1334
Pope Benedict XII: 1334–1342
Pope Clement VI: 1342–1352
Pope Innocent VI: 1352–1362
Pope Urban V: 1362–1370
Pope Gregory XI: 1370–1378

Two antipopes were based in Avignon as well:
Clement VII: 1378–1394
Benedict XIII: 1394–1423 (expelled from Avignon in 1403)

Antipopes were people that were elected by small groups who did not like the official choice. 
Catherine of Siena convinced pope Gregory XI to move back to Rome. Unfortunately, he died shortly after moving. The cardinals then elected Urban VI to be the next pope. The French cardinals did not recognise this election as legitimate. They declared the papal see as vacant; which led to the Western Schism. The schism lasted until the Council of Constance in 1417. During this time, there was a pope in Rome, an Antipope in Avignon, and for some time, a second antipope. Each of the three was recognised as legitimate pope by different European powers. This led to a big split in the church as a whole. The council elected Pope Martin V as a new pope, recognised by all parties.

Related pages
 List of popes
 Abdication
 Habemus Papam
 Papal name
 Papal tiara

 References 

Other websites


Category:Heads of state
Category:Vatican City
Category:Christian religious occupations
Category:Roman Catholicism
Category:Holy See