චීන පාලකයන් ලැයිස්තුව

This list of Chinese monarchs includes rulers of China with various titles prior to the establishment of the Republic in 1912. From the Zhou dynasty until the Qin dynasty, rulers usually held the title "king" (). With the separation of China into different Warring States, this title had become so common that the unifier of China, the first Qin Emperor Qin Shihuang created a new title for himself, that of "emperor" (). The title of Emperor of China continued to be used for the remainder of China's imperial history, right down to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

While many other monarchs existed in and around China throughout its history, this list covers only those with a quasi-legitimate claim to the majority of China, or those who have traditionally been named in king-lists. The following list of Chinese monarchs is in no way comprehensive.

Chinese sovereigns were known by many different names, and how they should be identified is often confusing. Sometimes the same emperor is commonly known by two or three separate names, or the same name is used by emperors of different dynasties. The tables below do not necessarily include all of an emperor's names – for example, posthumous names could run to more than twenty characters and were rarely used in historical writing – but, where possible, the most commonly used name or naming convention has been indicated. Scholars also often use common terms to refer to some monarchs with special circumstances — "Modi" (末帝; "last emperor"), "Mozhu" (末主; "last lord"), "Houzhu" (後主; "last lord"), "Shaodi" (少帝; "young emperor"), "Shaozhu" (少主; "young lord"), "Feidi" (廢帝; "deposed emperor"), etc.; these terms are not temple names, posthumous names or regnal names.

In some cases, the regnal or era name is changed in the same year as the death of the previous sovereign; in other cases, the name change occurs in the subsequent year. Thus, the date given for the beginning of a reign may actually refer to the first full year of the sovereign's reign.

These tables may not necessarily represent the most recently updated information on Chinese monarchs; please check the page for the relevant dynasty for possible additional information.

Follow these links to see how they are related:

Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period) →  Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)

 Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝) (2852–2070 BCE) 

Although it is ingrained in Chinese mythology that the earliest mythological rulers of China included three huáng (皇, generally translated "sovereign" or "august one") and five dì (帝, generally translated "emperor"), both terms denoting demigod status, their identities have differed between different sources, with some individuals, such as the Yellow Emperor, being regarded as either sovereign or emperor, depending on the source. The two characters would later be taken together by Qin Shi Huang to form the new title huángdì (皇帝, emperor), thus claiming legendary status for himself.

Note: These figures are considered to be legendary.

+TitleName by which most commonly known Reign (according to tradition) In ChineseOther namesHuang1,4,5 / Di3Youchao3162–2962 BCE Yǒucháo 有巢 –Huang/ Di3Suiren2962–2852 BCE Suìrén 燧人 –Huang4  / Di3Fuxi2852–2737 BCE Fúxī 伏羲 –Huang1 / Di1Yan Emperor and/or Shennong2737–2698 BCE Yándì 炎帝 Shennong 神農Huang5 / Di1,2Yellow Emperor2698–2598 BCE Huángdì 黃帝 Xuanyuan 軒轅Di2Shaohao2597–2514 BCE Shǎohào 少昊 Jintian 金天Di1,2Zhuanxu2514–2436 BCE Zhuānxū 顓頊 Gaoyang 高陽Di1Emperor Ku2436–2366 BCE Dìkù 帝嚳 Gaoxin 高辛Di1Emperor Zhi2366–2358 BCE Dìzhì 帝摯 Qingyang 青陽Di1Emperor Yao (of Tang)2356–2255 BCE Dìyáo or Táng Yáo 帝堯  / 唐堯 Yiqi, Taotang and Fangxun 伊祁、陶唐、放勳Di1Emperor Shun (of Yu)2255–2208 BCE Dìshùn or Yú Shùn 帝舜 / 虞舜 Yao, Youyu and Chonghua 姚、有虞、重華1 — According to the Records of the Grand Historian.2 — According to the Chu Ci.3 — According to the Book of Rites.4 — According to the Shangshu dazhuan (尚書大傳) and Baihu tongyi (白虎通義).5 — According to the Diwang shiji (帝王世紀)

 ෂියා රාජවංශය (夏朝) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 2070–1600) 
Chinese convention: use "Xia" + regnal name

Name by which most commonly knownReign (according to tradition) Regnal name1Other namesYu the Great2150–2106 BCE Yǔ禹 –Qi of Xia2106–2077 BCE Qǐ啟 –Tai Kang2077–2048 BCE Kāng康 Tài Kāng太康Zhong Kang2048–2036 BCE Kāng康 Zhòng Kāng仲康Xiang of Xia2036–2008 BCE Xiāng相 –Interregnum (about 40 years)Shao Kang1968–1946 BCE Kāng康 Shào Kāng少康Zhu of Xia1946–1929 BCE Zhù杼 –Huai of Xia1929–1885 BCE Huái槐 –Mang of Xia1885–1867 BCE Máng芒 –Xie of Xia1867–1851 BCE Xiè洩 –Bu Jiang1851–1792 BCE Jiàng降 –Jiong of Xia1792–1771 BCE Jiōng扃 –Jin of Xia1771–1750 BCE Jǐn廑 Yìn Jiǎ胤甲Kong Jia1750–1719 BCE Kǒng Jiǎ孔甲 –Gao of Xia1719–1708 BCE Gāo皋 –Fa of Xia1708–1689 BCE Fā發 Hou Jin后敬Jie of Xia1689–1658 BCE Jié桀 Lǚ Guǐ履癸

 ෂෑං රාජවංශය (商朝) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 1600–1046) 
Chinese convention: use "Shang" + posthumous name

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReign (according to tradition)1Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Tang of ShangZi Lü子履1658–1629 BCETiān Yǐ天乙Tàizu太祖Wai BingZi Shèng子勝1629–1627 BCEWài Bǐng外丙–Zhong RenZi Yōng子庸1627–1623 BCEZhòng Rén仲壬–Tai JiaZi Zhì子至1623–1611 BCETài Jiǎ太甲Tàizōng太宗Wo DingZi Xuàn子絢1611–1592 BCEWò Dīng沃丁–Tai GengZi Biàn子辯1592–1567 BCETài Gēng太庚–Xiao JiaZi Gāo子高1567–1550 BCEXiǎo Jiǎ小甲–Yong JiZi Zhòu子伷1550–1538 BCEYōng Jǐ雍己–Tai WuZi Mì子密1538–1463 BCETài Wù太戊–Zhong DingZi Zhuāng子莊1463–1452 BCEZhòng Dīng仲丁–Wai RenZi Fā子發1452–1437 BCEWài Rén外壬–He Dan JiaZi Zhěng子整1437–1428 BCEJiān Jiǎ戔甲–Zu YiZi Téng子滕1428–1409 BCEZǔ Yǐ祖乙Zhōngzōng中宗Zu XinZi Dàn子旦1409–1393 BCEZǔ Xīn祖辛–Wo JiaZi Yú子踰1393–1368 BCEWò Jiǎ沃甲–Zu DingZi Xīn子新1368–1336 BCEZǔ Dīng祖丁–Nan GengZi Gēng子更1336–1307 BCENán Gēng南庚–Yang JiaZi Hé子和1307–1290 BCEYáng Jiǎ陽甲–Pan GengZi Xún子旬1290–1262 BCEPán Gēng盤庚–Xiao XinZi Sòng子颂1262–1259 BCEXiǎo Xīn小辛–Xiao YiZi Liǎn子敛1259–1250 BCEXiǎo Yǐ小乙–Wu DingZi Zhāo子昭1250–1192 BCEWǔ Dīng武丁Gāozōng高宗Zu GengZi Yuè子躍1192–1185 BCEZǔ Gēng祖庚–Zu JiaZi Zài子載1185–1158 BCEZǔ Jiǎ祖甲–Lin XinZi Xiān子先1158–1152 BCELǐn Xīn廩辛–Kang DingZi Xiāo子囂1152–1147 BCEKāng Dīng康丁–Wu YiZi Qú子瞿1147–1112 BCEWǔ Yǐ武乙–Wen DingZi Tuō子托1112–1102 BCEWén Dīng3文丁–Di YiZi Xiàn子羡1101–1076 BCEDì Yǐ帝乙–King Zhou of ShangZi Shòu子受1075–1046 BCEDi Xin帝辛–1 — The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.

2 — The period of the Shang dynasty starting from Pan Geng is also frequently referred to as the Yin (殷) dynasty. because he changed capital to Yin.

3 — Also known as Tai Ding (太丁).

 චෞ රාජවංශය (周朝) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 1046–256) 
Chinese convention: use "Zhou" + posthumous name ("Wang" is the chinese term for "King")

Note: The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute.

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReign1Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)බටහිර චෞ (西周) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 1046–771) King Wu of Zhou Jī Fā 姬發 1046–1043 BCE1 King Wǔ 武王 King Cheng of Zhou Jī Sòng 姬誦 1042–1021 BCE1 King Chéng 成王 King Kang of Zhou Jī Zhāo 姬釗 1020–996 BCE1 King Kāng 康王 King Zhao of Zhou Jī Xiá 姬瑕 995–977 BCE1 King Zhāo 昭王 King Mu of Zhou Jī Mǎn 姬滿 976–922 BCE1 King Mù 穆王 King Gong of Zhou Jī Yīhù 姬繄扈 922–900 BCE1 King Gōng 共王 King Yi of Zhou (Jian) Jī Jiān 姬囏 899–892 BCE1 King Yì 懿王 King Xiao of Zhou Jī Bìfāng 姬辟方 891–886 BCE1 King Xiào 孝王 King Yi of Zhou (Xie) Jī Xiè 姬燮 885–878 BCE1 King Yí 夷王 King Li of Zhou Jī Hú 姬胡 877–841 BCE1 King Lì 厲王Gonghe Regency (共和) (841–827 BC) King Xuan of Zhou Jī Jìng 姬靜 827–782 BCE King Xuān 宣王 King You of Zhou Jī Gōngshēng 姬宮湦 781–771 BCE King Yōu 幽王නැගෙනහිර චෞ (東周) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 770–256)වසන්ත සහ සරත් සමය (春秋時代) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 770–476) King Ping of Zhou Jī Yijiu 姬宜臼 770–720 BCE King Ping 平王 King Xie of Zhou (rival claimant) (Jī Yuchen) 姬余臣 (770–750 BCE) King Xie (or Xiehui) 攜(惠)王 King Huan of Zhou Jī Lin 姬林 719–697 BCE King Huan 桓王 King Zhuang of Zhou Jī Tuo 姬佗 696–682 BCE King Zhuang 莊王 King Xi of Zhou Jī Huqi 姬胡齊 681–677 BCE King Xi 釐王 King Hui of Zhou Jī Lang 姬閬 676–652 BCE King Hui 惠王 King Xiang of Zhou Jī Zheng 姬鄭 651–619 BCE King Xiang 襄王 King Qing of Zhou Jī Renchen 姬壬臣 618–613 BCE King Qing 頃王 King Kuang of Zhou Jī Ban 姬班 612–607 BCE King Kuang 匡王 King Ding of Zhou Jī Yu 姬瑜 606–586 BCE King Ding 定王 King Jian of Zhou Jī Yi 姬夷 585–572 BCE King Jian 簡王 King Ling of Zhou Jī Xiexin 姬泄心 571–545 BCE King Ling 靈王 King Jing of Zhou (Gui) Jī Gui 姬貴 544–521 BCE King Jing 景王 King Dao of Zhou Jī Meng 姬猛 520 BCE King Dao 悼王 King Jing of Zhou (Gai) Jī Gai 姬丐 519–476 BCE King Jing 敬王යුද්ධ රාජ්‍ය සමය (戰國時代) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 475–221) King Yuan of Zhou Jī Ren 姬仁 475–469 BCE King Yuan 元王 King Zhending of Zhou Jī Jie 姬介 468–442 BCE King Zhending 貞定王 King Ai of Zhou Jī Quji 姬去疾 441 BCE King Ai 哀王 King Si of Zhou Jī Shu 姬叔 441 BCE King Si 思王 King Kao of Zhou Jī Wei 姬嵬 440–426 BCE King Kao 考王 King Weilie of Zhou Jī Wu 姬午 425–402 BCE King Weilie 威烈王 King An of Zhou Jī Jiao 姬驕 401–376 BCE King An 安王 King Lie of Zhou Jī Xi 姬喜 375–369 BCE King Lie 烈王 King Xian of Zhou Jī Bian 姬扁 368–321 BCE King Xian 顯王 King Shenjing of Zhou Jī Ding 姬定 320–315 BCE King Shenjing 慎靚王 King Nan of Zhou Jī Yan 姬延 314–256 BCE King Nan 赧王1 — The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
After King Nan was deposed by Qin, Ji Jie (姬杰), Duke Wen of the vassal duchy of Eastern Zhou was proclaimed the new king of Zhou and claimed the title until his death in 249 BCE. However, the King of Qin had taken possession of the Nine Tripod Cauldrons (九鼎), and Ji Jie's reign was not widely recognized.  Historians generally considered the title of Son of Heaven to be vacant from 256 to 221 BCE.

 චින් ‍රාජවංශය (秦朝) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 221–207) 

චීන සම්මුතිය: රාජ්‍ය කාල නාමය භාවිතා කරන්න

Note: The State of Qin was founded in the 9th century BCE as a vassal of the Zhou dynasty.  In 325 BCE, the Duke of Qing, Ying Si (嬴駟), declared himself king and was given the regnal name King Huiwen of Qin (秦惠文王).  In 256 BCE, King Zhaoxiang of Qin ended the Zhou dynasty, and in 221 BCE, Ying Zheng completed the conquest of the other states (kingdoms) and declared himself Qin Shi Huang, or "First Emperor of Qin."  The unification of China under the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE is usually considered to be the beginning of Imperial China.
+ Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignරාජ්‍ය කාල නාමය(King Zhaoxiang of Qin)1Yíng Zé (Yíng Jì)嬴則 (嬴稷)(306)1 (255–251 BCE)Zhaoxiang of Qin秦昭襄王(King Xiaowen of Qin)1Yíng Zhù嬴柱(250 BCE)Xiaowen of Qin秦孝文王(King Zhuangxiang of Qin)1Yíng Zǐchǔ嬴子楚(249–247 BCE)Zhuangxiang of Qin秦莊襄王චින් ෂි හුවාං1,2 යිං චෙං 嬴政(246)2ක්‍රි.පූ. 221–210 චින් ෂි හුවාං 秦始皇Qin Er Shi Yíng Húhài 嬴胡亥 209–207 BCE Qin Er Shi 秦二世Ziying3 Yíng Zǐyīng 嬴子嬰 207 BCE Qin San Shi 秦三世1 — Zhaoxiang's reign as king of the State of Qin began in 306 BCE before the fall of Zhou. Subsequently, in the absence of a Son of Heaven, historians conventionally used Qin regnal dates to refer to the years 255 to 222 BCE.

2 — චින් ෂි හුවාං began his reign as king of Qin 246 BCE, but did not unite China and proclaim himself "Emperor" until 221 BCE.

3 — Ziying is often referred to by his personal name and as king, rather than emperor, of Qin (秦王子嬰).

 හන් ‍රාජවංශය (漢朝) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 202 – ක්‍රි.ව. 9, ක්‍රි.ව. 25–220) 

Chinese convention: use "Han" + posthumous name (apart from Liu Bang, who is known as "Han Gaozu")
Note that the posthumous names of many Han monarchs bear the character "xiao" (孝; "filial"), but this character is usually omitted by scholars when they are used (i.e. "Emperor Xiaowu" is normally known as "Emperor Wu")

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)බටහිර හන් (西漢) (ක්‍රි.පූ. 202 – ක්‍රි.ව. 9)Emperor Gaozu of HanLiu Bang劉邦202–195 BC–Emperor Gao高皇帝Taizu太祖Emperor Hui of HanLiu Ying劉盈195–188 BC(Empress Lü regency)1Emperor Xiaohui孝惠皇帝–Emperor Qianshao of Han1Liu Gong劉恭188–184 BC(Empress Lü regency)1––Emperor Houshao of Han1Liu Hong劉弘184–180 BC(Empress Lü regency)1––Emperor Wen of HanLiu Heng劉恆179–157 BCHòuyuán後元163–156 BCEEmperor Xiaowen孝文皇帝Taizong太宗Emperor Jing of HanLiu Qi劉啟156–141 BCZhōngyuán中元149–143 BCEEmperor Xiaojing孝景皇帝–Hòuyuán後元143–141 BCEEmperor Wu of HanLiu Che劉徹140–87 BCJiànyuán建元140–135 BCEEmperor Xiaowu孝武皇帝Shizong世宗Yuánguāng元光134–129 BCEYuánshuò元朔128–123 BCEYuánshòu元狩122–117 BCEYuándǐng元鼎116–111 BCEYuánfēng元封110–105 BCETàichū太初104–101 BCETiānhàn天漢100–97 BCETàishǐ太始96–93 BCEZhēnghé征和92–89 BCEHòuyuán後元88–87 BCEEmperor Zhao of HanLiu Fuling劉弗陵86–74 BCShǐyuán始元86–80 BCEEmperor Xiaozhao孝昭皇帝Yuánfèng元鳳80–75 BCEYuánpíng元平74 BCEMarquis of HaihunLiu He劉賀74 BC––Emperor Xuan of HanLiu Xun劉詢73–49 BCBěnshǐ本始73–70 BCEEmperor Xiaoxuan孝宣皇帝Zhongzong 中宗Dìjié地節69–66 BCEYuánkāng元康65–61 BCEShénjué神爵61–58 BCEWǔfèng五鳳57–54 BCEGānlù甘露53–50 BCEHuánglóng黃龍49 BCEEmperor Yuan of HanLiu Shi劉奭48–33 BCChūyuán初元48–44 BCEEmperor Xiaoyuan孝元皇帝Gaozong3高宗3Yǒngguāng永光43–39 BCEJiànzhāo建昭38–34 BCEJìngníng竟寧33 BCEEmperor Cheng of HanLiu Ao劉驁32–7 BCJiànshǐ建始32–28 BCEEmperor Xiaocheng孝成皇帝Tongzong3統宗3Hépíng河平28–25 BCEYángshuò陽朔24–21 BCEHóngjiā鴻嘉20–17 BCEYǒngshǐ永始16–13 BCEYuányán元延12–9 BCESuīhé綏和8–7 BCEEmperor Ai of HanLiu Xin劉欣6–1 BCJiànpíng建平6–3 BCEEmperor Xiao'ai孝哀皇帝–Yuánshòu元壽2–1 BCEEmperor Ping of HanLiu Kan劉衎1 BC – 5 ADYuánshǐ元始1 BCE – 5 CEEmperor Xiaoping孝平皇帝Yuanzong3元宗3Ruzi Ying2Liu Ying劉嬰6–8Jùshè居攝6 CE – Oct. 8 CE ––Chūshǐ初始Nov. 8 CE – Dec. 8 CEInterregnum (9 CE – 23 CE)Gengshi EmperorLiu Xuan劉玄23–25Gēngshǐ更始23–25 CE––නැගෙනහිර හන් (東漢) (ක්‍රි.ව. 25–220)Emperor Guangwu of HanLiu Xiu劉秀25–57Jiànwǔ建武25–56 CEEmperor Guangwu光武皇帝Shizu 世祖Jiànwǔzhōngyuán建武中元56–57 CEEmperor Ming of HanLiu Zhuang劉莊58–75Yǒngpíng永平58–75 CEEmperor Xiaoming孝明皇帝Xianzong顯宗Emperor Zhang of HanLiu Da劉炟76–88Jiànchū建初76–84 CEEmperor Xiaozhang孝章皇帝Suzong 肅宗Yuánhé元和84–87 CEZhānghé章和87–88 CEEmperor He of HanLiu Zhao劉肇89–105Yǒngyuán永元89–105 CEEmperor Xiaohe孝和皇帝Muzong3穆宗3Yuánxīng元興105 CEEmperor Shang of HanLiu Long劉隆106Yánpíng延平9 months in 106 CEEmperor Xiaoshang孝殤皇帝–Emperor An of HanLiu Hu劉祜106–125Yǒngchū永初107–113 CEEmperor Xiao'an孝安皇帝Gongzong3恭宗3Yuánchū元初114–120 CEYǒngníng永寧120–121 CEJiànguāng建光121–122 CEYánguāng延光122–125 CEMarquess of BeixiangLiu Yi劉懿125 ––Emperor Shun of HanLiu Bao劉保125–144Yǒngjiàn永建126–132 CEEmperor Xiaoshun孝順皇帝Jingzong3敬宗3Yángjiā陽嘉132–135 CEYǒnghé永和136–141 CEHàn'ān漢安142–144 CEJiànkāng建康144 CEහන් හි චොං අධිරාජයාලියු බිං劉炳144–145යෝංෂී永嘉ක්‍රි.ව. 145ෂියාඕචොං අධිරාජයා孝沖皇帝–Emperor Zhi of HanLiu Zuan劉纘145–146Běnchū本初146 CEEmperor Xiaozhi孝質皇帝–Emperor Huan of HanLiu Zhi劉志146–168Jiànhé建和147–149 CEEmperor Xiaohuan孝桓皇帝Weizong3威宗3Hépíng和平150 CEYuánjiā元嘉151–153 CEYǒngxīng永興153–154 CEYǒngshòu永壽155–158 CEYánxī延熹158–167 CEYǒngkāng永康167 CEEmperor Ling of HanLiu Hong劉宏168–189Jiànníng建寧168–172 CEEmperor Xiaoling孝靈皇帝–Xīpíng熹平172–178 CEGuānghé光和178–184 CEZhōngpíng中平184–189 CEPrince of HongnongLiu Bian劉辯189Guīngxī光熹189 CE ––Zhàoníng昭寧189 CEEmperor Xian of HanLiu Xie劉協189–220Yǒnghàn永漢189 CEEmperor Xiaoxian孝獻皇帝–Chūpíng初平190–193 CEXīngpíng興平194–195 CEJiàn'ān建安196–220 CEYánkāng延康220 CE1 — Emperors Qianshao and Houshao reigned as children and were subsequently deposed.  Their reigns were completely dominated by Empress Dowager Lü (吕后, personal name: Lü Zhi, 吕雉), who is often listed in their place on lists of Han rulers and Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian.

2 — Ruzi was prince, rather than emperor of Han. Officially, the throne of emperor of Han was vacant during 6AD to 9AD.

3 — Temple name was subsequently withdrew.

 Xin dynasty (新朝) (9–23 CE) 

Chinese convention: use personal name
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Wang MangWang Mang王莽9–23Shǐjiànguó始建國9–13 CE––Tiānfēng天鳳14–19 CEDìhuáng地皇20–23 CE

 තුන් රාජධානි (三國) (ක්‍රි.ව. 220–280) 

චීන සම්මුතිය: පෞද්ගලික නාමය භාවිතා කරන්න

 චාඕ වෙයි (曹魏) (ක්‍රි.ව. 220–266) 

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameCourtesy nameReign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Cao Pi Cáo Pī 曹丕Zihuan子桓 220–226 Huángchū 黃初 220–226 Emperor Wen 文皇帝Cao Rui Cáo Ruì 曹叡Yuanzhong元仲 226–239 Tàihé 太和 227–233 Emperor Ming 明皇帝 Qīnglóng 青龍 233–237 Jǐngchū 景初 237–239Cao Fang Cáo Fāng 曹芳Lanqing蘭卿 239–254 Zhèngshǐ 正始 240–249 Duke Li 厲公 Jiāpíng 嘉平 249–254Cao Mao Cáo Máo 曹髦Yanshi彥士 254–260 Zhèngyuán 正元 254–256 – Gānlù 甘露 256–260Cao Huan Cáo Huàn 曹奐Jingming景明 260–266 Jǐngyuán 景元 260–264 Emperor Yuan 元皇帝 Xiánxī 咸熙 264–266

 ෂු හන් (蜀漢) (ක්‍රි.ව. 221–263) 

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameCourtesy nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Liu Bei Liú Bèi 劉備Xuande玄德 221–223 Zhāngwǔ 章武 221–223 Emperor Zhaolie 昭烈皇帝Liu Shan Liú Shàn  劉禪Gongsi公嗣 223–263 Jiànxīng 建興 223–237 Emperor Xiaohuai 孝懷皇帝 Yánxī 延熙 238–257 Jǐngyào 景耀 258–263 Yánxīng 炎興 263

 නැගෙනහිර වු (東吳) (ක්‍රි.ව. 222–280) 

Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameCourtesy nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Sun Quan Sūn Quán 孫權Zhongmou仲謀 222–252 Huángwǔ 黃武 222–229 Emperor Da 大皇帝 Huánglóng 黃龍 229–231 Jiāhé 嘉禾 232–238 Chìwū 赤烏 238–251 Tàiyuán 太元 251–252 Shénfèng 神鳳 252Sun Liang Sūn Liàng 孫亮Ziming子明 252–258 Jiànxīng 建興 252–253 – Wǔfèng 五鳳 254–256 Tàipíng 太平 256–258Sun Xiu Sūn Xiū 孫休Zilie子烈 258–264 Yǒngān 永安 258–264 Emperor Jing 景皇帝Sun Hao Sūn Hào 孫皓Yuanzong元宗 264–280 Yuánxīng 元興 264–265 – Gānlù 甘露 265–266 Bǎodǐng 寶鼎 266–269 Jiànhéng 建衡 269–271 Fènghuáng 鳳凰 272–274 Tiāncè 天冊 275–276 Tiānxǐ 天璽 276 Tiānjì 天紀 277–280

 Jin dynasty (晉朝) (266–420 CE) 
Chinese convention: Use "Jin" + posthumous name 
Note that the posthumous names of some Jin monarchs bore the character "xiao" (孝; "filial"), but this character is usually omitted by scholars when referencing these monarchs by their posthumous names (i.e. "Emperor Xiaohui" is normally known as "Emperor Hui")
+  Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號)and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name(Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Western Jin (西晉) (266–316 CE) Emperor Wu of Jin Sīmǎ Yán 司馬炎 266–290 Tàishǐ 泰始 266–274Emperor Wu 武皇帝Shizu世祖 Xiánníng 咸寧 275–280 Tàikāng 太康 280–289 Tàixī 太熙 290 Emperor Hui of Jin Sīmǎ Zhōng 司馬衷 290–306 Yǒngxī 永熙 290Emperor Xiaohui 孝惠皇帝– Yǒngpīng 永平 291 Yuánkāng 元康 291–299 Yǒngkāng 永康 300–301 Yǒngníng 永寧 301–302 Tàiān 太安 302–303 Yǒngān 永安 304 Jiànwǔ 建武 304 Yǒngān 永安 304 Yǒngxīng 永興 304–306 Guāngxī 光熙 306 Emperor Huai of Jin Sīmǎ Chì 司馬熾 307–313 Yǒngjiā 永嘉 307–313Emperor Xiaohuai 孝懷皇帝– Emperor Min of Jin Sīmǎ Yè 司馬鄴 313–317 Jiànxīng 建興 313–317Emperor Xiaomin 孝愍皇帝– Eastern Jin (東晉) (317–420 CE) Emperor Yuan of Jin Sīmǎ Ruì 司馬睿 317–322 Jiànwǔ 建武 317–318Emperor Yuan 元皇帝Zhōngzōng 中宗 Dàxīng 大興 318–321 Yǒngchāng 永昌 321–322 Emperor Míng of Jin Sīmǎ Shào 司馬紹 322–325 Yǒngchāng 永昌 322–323Emperor Ming 明皇帝Suzu肅祖 Tàiníng 太寧 323–325 Emperor Cheng of Jin Sīmǎ Yǎn 司馬衍 325–342 Tàiníng 太寧 325Emperor Cheng 成皇帝Xianzong 顯宗 Xiánhé 咸和 326–334 Xiánkāng 咸康 335–342 Emperor Kang of Jin Sīmǎ Yuè 司馬岳 342–344 Jiànyuán 建元 343–344Emperor Kang 康皇帝– Emperor Mu of Jin Sima Dān 司馬聃 345–361 Yǒnghé 永和 345–356Emperor Mu 穆皇帝Xianzong顯宗 Shēngpíng 升平 357–361 Emperor Ai of Jin Sīmǎ Pī 司馬丕 361–365 Lónghé 隆和 362–363Emperor Ai 哀皇帝– Xīngníng 興寧 363–365 Emperor Fei of Jin Sīmǎ Yì 司馬奕 365–371 Tàihé 太和 365–371–– Emperor Jianwen of Jin Sīmǎ Yù 司馬昱 371–372 Xiánān 咸安 371–372Emperor Jianwen 簡文皇帝Taizong太宗 Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Sīmǎ Yào 司馬曜 372–396 Níngkāng 寧康 373–375Emperor Xiaowu 孝武皇帝Lièzōng烈宗 Tàiyuán 太元 376–396 Emperor An of Jin Sīmǎ Dézōng 司馬德宗 396–418 Lóngān 隆安 397–401Emperor An 安皇帝– Yuánxīng 元興 402–404 Yìxī 義熙 405–418 Emperor Gong of Jin Sīmǎ Déwén 司馬德文 419–420 Yuánxī 元熙 419–420Emperor Gong 恭皇帝–

 Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國) (304–439 CE) 

Chinese convention: use personal name

 Han Zhao (漢趙) (304–329 CE) 
Note: addressed separately in traditional texts as Han (漢) and Qian (Former) Zhao (前趙)
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Northern Han (北漢) (304–318 CE) Liu Yuan劉淵 304–310 Jiànxīng建興304–307 Emperor Guangwen光文皇帝 Gao Zu高祖Yǒngfèng 永鳳308Héruì 河瑞309Guāngxīng光興310 Liu He劉和 7 days in 310 – –Liu Cong劉聰310–318Emperor Zhaowu昭武皇帝Lie Zong烈宗Jiāpíng 嘉平311–315Jiànyuán建元316Línjiā麟嘉317–318 Liu Can劉粲 a month and some days in 318 Hànchāng (until renaming as Former Zhao)漢昌318 Emperor Yin隱皇帝 –Former Zhao (前趙) (318–329 CE) Liu Yao劉曜 318–329 Guāngchū (until conquest by Later Zhao)光初318–329  – –

 Cheng Han (成漢) (304–347 CE) 
Note: addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng (成) and Han (漢)
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Cheng (成) (304–338 CE) Li Te李特 303 Jiànchū 
or

Jǐngchū建初

or

景初303 Emperor Jing景皇帝 ShǐzuorShìzu始祖

or

世祖 Li Liu李流 several months in 303 Prince Wen of Qin秦文王 – Li Xiong李雄 303–334 Emperor Wu武皇帝 Taizong太宗Jiànxīng建興304–305Yànpīng晏平306–310Yùhéng玉衡311–334 Li Ban李班 7 months in 334 Emperor Ai哀皇帝 – Li Qi李期 334–338 Hànxīng漢興337–338 Duke You幽公 –Han (漢) (338–347 CE) Li Shou李壽 338–343 Hànxīng (漢興) 338–343 (continuation)漢興338–343 (continuation) Emperor Zhaowen昭文皇帝 Zhongzong中宗 Li Shi李勢 343–347 Tàihé太和344–345 – –Jiāníng嘉寧346–347 (until conquest by Eastern Jin)

 Later Zhao (後趙) (319–351 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Shi Le石勒 319–333 Prince Zhao趙王319–327 Emperor Ming明皇帝 Gaozu高祖Tàihé太和328–329Jiànpíng 建平330–332Yánxī延熙333 Shi Hong石弘 333–334 Yánxī 延熙333  – –Jiànwǔ建武334 Shi Hu石虎 334–349 Jiànwǔ 建武335–348 Emperor Wu武皇帝 Taizu太祖Taìníng太寧349 Shi Shi石世 73 days in 349 – – Shi Zun石遵 183 days in 349 – – Shi Jian石鑒 103 days within 349–350 Qīnglóng青龍(changed mid-year) – – Shi Zhi石祗 350–351 Yǒngníng永寧350–351 (until Ran Min's coup) – –

 Former Liang (前涼) (320–376 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Zhang Mao張茂 320–324 Jianxing建興320–354 Prince Cheng 成王 – Zhang Jun張駿 324–346 Prince Wen文王 – Zhang Chonghua張重華 346–353 Prince Huan 桓王 – Zhang Yaoling張曜靈 3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353 Duke Ai 哀公 – Zhang Zuo張祚 353–355 Prince Wei 威王 –Heping和平354–355 Zhang Xuanjing張玄靚 355–363 Jianxing建興355–361 Duke JingdaoorPrince Chong敬悼公

or

沖王 –Shengping升平361–376 Zhang Tianxi張天錫 364–376 Duke Dao 悼公 –

 Former Yan (前燕) (337–370 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Murong Huang慕容皝 337–348 Yànwáng燕王337–348 Emperor Wenming文明皇帝 Taizu太祖 Murong Jun慕容俊 348–360 Yànyuán燕元349–351 Emperor Jingzhao景昭皇帝 Liezong烈宗Yuánxǐ元璽352–357Shēngpíng升平357 (as vassal of Jin)Guāngshòu光壽357–359Murong Wei慕容暐360–370Jiànxī建熙359–365Emperor You幽皇帝– Jiànyuán建元366–370

 Former Qin (前秦) (351–394 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Fu Jian苻健 351–355 Huangshi皇始351–355 Emperor Jingming 景明皇帝 Gaozu高祖 Fu Sheng苻生 355–357 Shouguang壽光355–357 Prince Li 厲王 – Fu Jian苻堅 357–385 Yongxing永興357–359 Emperor Xuanzhao 宣昭皇帝 Shizu世祖Ganlu甘露359–364Jianyuan建元365–385 Fu Pi苻丕 385–386 Taian太安385–386 Emperor Aiping 哀平皇帝 – Fu Deng苻登 386–394 Taichu太初385–394 Emperor Gao 高皇帝 Taizong太宗 Fu Chong苻崇 several months in 394 Yanchu延初394 – –

 Later Yan (後燕) (384–409 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Murong Chui慕容垂 384–396 Yànwáng燕王384–385 Emperor Chengwu成武皇帝 Shizu世祖Jianxing建興386–396 Murong Bao慕容寶 396–398 Yongkang永康396–398 Emperor Huimin惠愍皇帝 Liezong烈宗 Murong Sheng慕容盛 398–401 Jianping建平398 Emperor Zhaowu 昭武皇帝 Zhongzong中宗Changle長樂399–401 Murong Xi慕容熙 401–407 Guangshi光始401–406 Emperor Zhaowen昭文皇帝 –Jianshi 建始407

 Later Qin (後秦) (384–417 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Yao Chang姚萇 384–393 Baique白雀384–386 Emperor Wuzhao 武昭皇帝 Taizu太祖Jianchu建初386–393 Yao Xing姚興 394–416 Huangchu皇初394–399 Emperor Wenhuan 文桓皇帝 Gaozu高祖Hongshi 弘始399–416 Yao Hong姚泓 416–417 Yonghe永和416–417 – –

 Western Qin (西秦) (385–400 CE, 409–431 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Qifu Guoren乞伏國仁 385–388 Jianyi建義385–388 Prince Xuanlie宣烈王 Liezu烈祖 Qifu Qiangui乞伏乾歸 388–400 Taichu太初388–400 Prince Wuyuan 武元王 Gaozu高祖409–412Gengshi更始409–412 Qifu Chipan乞伏熾磐 412–428 Yongkang永康412–419 Prince Wenzhao文昭王 Taizu太祖Jianhong建弘420–428 Qifu Mumo乞伏暮末 428–431 Yonghong永弘428–431 – –

 Later Liang (後涼) (386–403 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Lü Guang呂光 386–399 Taian太安386–389 Emperor Yiwu懿武皇帝 Taizu太祖Linjia麟嘉389–396Longfei龍飛396–399 Lü Shao呂紹 399 Prince Yin隱王 – Lü Zuan呂纂 399–401 Xianning咸寧399–401 Emperor Ling靈皇帝 – Lü Long呂隆 401–403 Shending神鼎401–403 – –

 Southern Liang (南涼) (397–414 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Tufa Wugu禿髮烏孤 397–399 Taichu太初397–399 Prince Wu武王 Liezu烈祖 Tufa Lilugu禿髮利鹿孤 399–402 Jianhe建和399–402 Prince Kang 康王 – Tufa Rutan禿髮傉檀 402–414 Hongchang弘昌402–404 Prince Jǐng景王 –Jiaping嘉平)409–414

 Northern Liang (北涼) (397–439 CE) 
Note: The Northern Liang was re-established at Gaochang in 442 CE.
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Duan Ye段業 397–401 Shenxi神璽397–399 – –Tianxi天璽399–401 Juqu Mengxun沮渠蒙遜 401–433 Yongan永安401–412 Prince Wuxuan武宣王 Taizu太祖Xuanshi玄始412–428Chengxuan承玄428–430Yihe義和430–433 Juqu Mujian沮渠牧犍 433–439 Yonghe永和433–439 Prince Ai哀王 – Juqu Wuhui沮渠無諱 442–444 Chengping承平442–443 – –Qianshou 乾壽443–444 Juqu Anzhou沮渠安周 444–460 Chengping承平444–460 – –

 Southern Yan (南燕) (398–410 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Murong De慕容德 398–405 Yanwang燕王398–400 Emperor Xianwu 獻武皇帝 Shizong世宗Jianping建平400–405 Murong Chao慕容超 405–410 Taishang太上405–410 – –

 Western Liang (西涼) (400–421 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Li Gao李暠 400–417 Gengzi庚子400–405 Prince Wuzhao 武昭王 Taizu太祖Jianchu建初406–416 Li Xin李歆 417–420 Jiaxing嘉興417–420 – – Li Xun李恂 420–421 Yongjian永建420–421 – –

 Hu Xia (胡夏) (407–431 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Helian Bobo赫連勃勃 407–425 Longsheng龍升407–413 Emperor Wulie 武烈皇帝 Shizu世祖Fengxiang鳳翔413–418Changwu昌武418–419Zhenxing真興419–425 Helian Chang赫連昌 425–428 Chengguang承光425–428 – – Helian Ding赫連定 428–431 Shengguang勝光425–428 – –

 Northern Yan (北燕) (407–436 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Gao Yun高雲/慕容雲 407–409 Zhengshi正始407–409 Emperor Huiyi惠懿皇帝 – Feng Ba馮跋 409–430 Taiping太平409–430 Emperor Wencheng 文成皇帝 Taizu太祖 Feng Hong馮弘 430–436 Daxing大興430–436 Emperor Zhaocheng 昭成皇帝 –

 Other sovereignties traditionally not counted among the Sixteen Kingdoms 
Convention: use personal name

 Ran Wei (冉魏) (350–352 CE) 
Note: addressed as Wei in traditional texts
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Ran Min冉閔 350–352 Yongxing永興350–352 Heavenly King WudaoorEmperor Ping武悼天王or平皇帝

 Western Yan (西燕) (384–394 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Murong Hong慕容泓 384 Yanxing燕興384–385 Emperor Liewen 烈文皇帝 Murong Chong慕容沖 384–386Gengshi更始385–386 Emperor Wei 威皇帝 Duan Sui段隨 386 Changping昌平386 – Murong Yi慕容顗 386 Jianming建明386 – Murong Yao慕容瑤 386 Jianping建平386 – Murong Zhong慕容忠 386 Jianwu建武386 – Murong Yong慕容永 386–394 Zhongxing中興386–394 –

 Western Shu (西蜀) (405–413 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Qiao Zong譙縱 405–413 – –

 Tiefu tribe (匈奴 鐵弗部) (mid 3rd century–391 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Liu Qubei劉去卑 mid-3rd century – – Liu Gaoshengyuan劉誥升爰 mid-3rd century – late 3rd century – – Liu Hu劉虎 early 4th century (309?) – 341 – – Liu Wuheng劉務恒 341–356 – – Liu Eloutou劉閼陋頭 356–358 – – Liu Xiwuqi劉悉勿祈 358–359 – – Liu Weichen劉衛辰 359–391 – –

 Yuwen tribe (鮮卑 宇文部) (late 3rd century–345 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Yuwen Mohuai宇文莫槐 late 3rd century – 293 –– Yuwen PuhuiorYuwen Pubo宇文普回 
or

宇文普撥 293 – late 3rd century –– Yuwen Qiubuqin宇文丘不勤 late 3rd century –– Yuwen Mogui宇文莫圭 late 3rd century (299?) – early 4th century (302?)–– Yuwen Xiduguan宇文悉獨官 early 3rd century–– Yuwen Qidegui宇文乞得歸 early 3rd century – 333–– Yuwen Yidougui宇文逸豆歸 333–345––

 Duan tribe (鮮卑 段部) (303–338 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Duan Wuwuchen段務勿塵 303 – 310 or 311–– Duan Jilujuan段疾陸眷 310 or 311 – 318–– Duan Shefuchen段涉復辰 318–– Duan Pidi段匹磾 318–321–– Duan Mopei段末柸 318–325–– Duan Ya段牙 325–– Duan Liao段遼 326–338––

 Chouchi (仇池) (296–371 CE, 385–443 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Former Chouchi (前仇池) (296–371 CE) Yang Teng楊騰 late 2nd century – early 3rd century–– Yang Ju楊駒 early 3rd century–– Yang Qianwan楊千萬 early 3rd century – mid-3rd century–– Yang Feilong楊飛龍 mid-3rd century – late 3rd century–– Yang Maosou楊茂搜 late 3rd century – 317–– Yang Nandi楊難敵 317–334–– Yang Yi楊毅 334–337–– Yang Chu楊初 337–355–– Yang Guo楊國 355–356–– Yang Jun楊俊 356–360–– Yang Shi楊世 360–370–– Yang Cuan楊篡 370–371––Later Chouchi (後仇池) (385–473 CE) Yang Ding楊定 385–394–King Wǔ 武王 Yang Sheng楊盛 394–425–King Huìwén 惠文王 Yang Xuan楊玄 425–429–King Xiàozhāo 孝昭王 Yang Baozong楊保宗 429 and 443–– Yang Nandang楊難當 429–441 Jianyi建義436–440– Yang Baochi楊保熾 442–443–– Yang Wende楊文德 443–454–– Yang Yuanhe楊元和 455–466 –– Yang Sengsi楊僧嗣 466–473––

 Wuxing (武興) (473–506 CE, 534–555 CE) 
 Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Yang Wendu楊文度 473–477–– Yang Wenhong楊文弘 477–482–– Yang Houqi楊後起 482–486–– Yang Jishi楊集始 482–503– King An安王 Yang Shaoxian楊紹先 503–506, 534–535–– Yang Zhihui1楊智慧 535–545–– Yang Bixie1楊辟邪 545–553––1 — Yang Zhihui and Yang Bixie could be the same person.

 Yinping (陰平) (477–mid-6th century CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Yang Guangxiang楊廣香 477–483?–– Yang Jiong楊炯 483–495–– Yang Chongzu楊崇祖 495-before 502–– Yang Mengsun楊孟孫 before 502–511–– Yang Ding楊定 511- ?––

 Tuoba tribe (鮮卑 拓拔部) (219–376 CE) & Dai (代) (310–376 CE) 
Personal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Tuoba Liwei3拓拔力微 219–277– Emperor Shényuán 神元皇帝 Tuoba Xilu拓拔悉鹿 277–286– Emperor Zhāng 章皇帝 Tuoba Chuo拓拔綽 286–293– Emperor Píng 平皇帝 Tuoba Fu拓拔弗 293–294– Emperor Sī 思皇帝 Tuoba Luguan拓拔祿官 294–307– Emperor Zhāo 昭皇帝 Tuoba Yituo拓拔猗㐌 295–305– Emperor Huán 桓皇帝 Tuoba Yilu拓拔猗盧 295–316– Emperor Mù 穆皇帝 Tuoba Liugen拓跋六根 316–– Tuoba Pugen拓拔普根 316–– Tuoba Shisheng拓跋始生 316–– Tuoba Yulü拓拔鬱律 316–321– Emperor Píngwén 平文皇帝 Tuoba Heru拓拔賀傉 321–325– Emperor Huì 惠皇帝 Tuoba Hena拓拔紇那 325–329 and 335–337– Emperor Yáng 煬皇帝 Tuoba Yihuai拓拔翳槐 329–335 and 337–338– Emperor Liè 烈皇帝 Tuoba Shiyijian拓拔什翼健 338–376 Jianguo建國338–376 Emperor Zhāochéng昭成皇帝1 — All chieftains were revered as emperors in Weishu and Beishi which they never were. They were denoted here as king (wáng) (王) which was inherited by all successors of Tuoba Yi Lu.

2 — The Tuoba clan was the ruling family of Northern Wei dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui. Hence the Table of Northern Wei dynasty will start with him, not as a continuation of this table.

3 — Tuoba Liwei had the temple name Shizu (始祖). He was the only chieftain before Tuoba Gui revered with a temple name

 Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝) (386–589 CE) 

 Northern dynasties (北朝) (386–581 CE) 

Chinese convention: use dynasty name + posthumous name

 Northern Wei (北魏) (386–535 CE) 
+ Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Daowu of Northern WeiTuoba Gui拓拔珪386–409Dengguo登國386–396Emperor Daowu道武皇帝Huangsh皇始396–398Tianxing天興398–404Tianci 天賜404–409Emperor Mingyuan of Northern WeiTuoba Si拓拔嗣409–423Yongxing永興409–413Emperor Mingyuan明元皇帝Shenrui神瑞414–416Taichang泰常416–423Emperor Taiwu of Northern WeiTuoba Tao拓拔燾424–452Shiguang 始光424–428Emperor Taiwu太武皇帝Shenjia 神䴥428–431Yanhe延和432–434Taiyan太延435–440Taipingzhenjun太平真君440–451Zhengping正平451–452Tuoba YuTuoba Yu拓拔余452Chengping承平452Prince Yin隱王Emperor Wencheng of Northern WeiTuoba Jun拓拔濬452–465Xingan興安452–454Emperor Wencheng文成皇帝Xingguang興光454–455Tai'an太安455–459Heping和平460–465Emperor Xianwen of Northern WeiTuoba Hong拓拔弘466–471Tian'an天安466–467Emperor Xianwen獻文皇帝Huangxing 皇興467–471Emperor Xiaowen of Northern WeiYuan1 Hong (Tuoba Hong)元宏 (拓跋宏)471–499Yanxing延興471–476Emperor Xiaowen孝文皇帝Chengming承明476Taihe太和477–499Emperor Xuanwu of Northern WeiYuan Ke元恪499–515Jingming景明500–503Emperor Xuanwu宣武皇帝Zhengshi正始504–508Yongping永平508–512Yanchang延昌512–515Emperor Xiaoming of Northern WeiYuan Xu元詡516–528Xiping熙平516–518Emperor Xiaoming孝明皇帝Shengui神龜518–520Zhengguang正光520–525Xiaochang孝昌525–527Wutai武泰528Yuan ZhaoYuan Zhao元釗528– –Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern WeiYuan Ziyou元子攸528–530Jianyi建義528Emperor Xiaozhuang孝莊皇帝Yong'an永安528–530Yuan YeYuan Ye元曄530–531Jianming (建明) 530–531建明530–531 –Emperor Jiemin of Northern WeiYuan Gong元恭531–532Putai (普泰) 531–532普泰531–532Emperor Jiemin節閔皇帝Yuan LangYuan Lang元朗531–532Zhongxing (中興) 531–532中興531–532 –Emperor Xiaowu of Northern WeiYuan Xiu元脩532–535Taichang太昌532Emperor Xiaowu孝武皇帝Yongxing永興532Yongxi永熙532–5351 – The Tuoba family changed their family name to 元 (yuán) during the reign of the Emperor Xiaowen in 496 so that is reflected in the table as well.

 Eastern Wei (東魏) (534–550 CE) 
+ Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern WeiYuan Shanjian元善見534–550Tianping天平534–537Emperor Xiaojing孝靜皇帝Yuanxiang元象538–539Xinghe興和539–542Wuding武定543–550

 Western Wei (西魏) (535–557 CE) 
+ Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Wen of Western WeiYuan Baoju元寶炬535–551Datong大統535–551Emperor Wen文皇帝Emperor Fei of Western WeiYuan Qin元欽552–554– –Emperor Gong of Western WeiTuoba Kuo拓拔廓554–557–Emperor Gong恭皇帝

 Northern Qi (北齊) (550–577 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignsEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Wenxuan of Northern QiGao Yang高洋550–559Tianbao天保550–559Emperor Wenxuan文宣皇帝Emperor Fei of Northern QiGao Yin高殷559–560Qianming乾明560 –Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern QiGao Yan高演560–561Huangjian皇建560–561Emperor Xiaozhao孝昭皇帝Emperor Wucheng of Northern QiGao Zhan高湛561–565Taining太寧561–562Emperor Wucheng武成皇帝Heqing河清562–565Gao WeiGao Wei高緯565–577Tiantong天統565–569 –Wuping 武平570–576Longhua隆化576Gao HengGao Heng高恆577Chengguang承光577 –Gao Shaoyi Gao Shaoyi高紹義 577–579? – –

 Northern Zhou (北周) (557–581 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignsEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Xiaomin of Northern ZhouYuwen Jue宇文覺557–Emperor Xiaomin孝閔皇帝Emperor Ming of Northern ZhouYuwen Yu宇文毓557–560Wucheng武成559–560Emperor MingorEmperor Xiaoming明皇帝

or

孝明皇帝Emperor Wu of Northern ZhouYuwen Yong宇文邕561–578Baoding保定560–565Emperor Wu武皇帝Tianhe天和566–572Jiande建德572–578Xuanzheng宣政578Emperor Xuan of Northern ZhouYuwen Yun宇文贇578–579Dacheng大成579Emperor Xuan宣皇帝Emperor Jing of Northern ZhouYuwen Chan宇文闡579–581Daxiang大象579–581Emperor Jing靜皇帝Dading大定581

 Southern dynasties (南朝) (420–589 CE) 

Chinese convention: use dynasty name + posthumous name

 Liu Song (劉宋) (420–479 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Wu of Liu Song Liu Yu劉裕 420–422 Yongchu永初420–422Emperor Wu武皇帝Emperor Shao of Liu Song Liu Yifu劉義符 423–424 Jingping景平423–424 –Emperor Wen of Liu Song Liu Yilong劉義隆 424–453 Yuanjia元嘉424–453Emperor Wen文皇帝Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song Liu Jun劉駿 454–464 Xiaojian元嘉454–456Emperor Xiaowu孝武皇帝Daming大明457–464Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song Liu Ziye劉子業 465 Yongguang永光465 –Jinghe景和465Emperor Ming of Liu Song Liu Yu劉彧 465–472 Taishi泰始465–471Emperor Ming明皇帝Taiyu泰豫472Emperor Houfei of Liu Song Liu Yu劉昱 473–477 Yuanhui元徽473–477 Prince Cangwu蒼梧王Emperor Shun of Liu Song Liu Zhun劉準 477–479 Shengming昇明477–479Emperor Shun順皇帝

 Southern Qi (南齊) (479–502 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Gao of Southern QiXiao Daocheng蕭道成479–482Jianyuan建元479–482Emperor Gao高皇帝Emperor Wu of Southern QiXiao Ze蕭賾482–493Yongming永明483–493Emperor Wu武皇帝Xiao ZhaoyeXiao Zhaoye蕭昭業493–494Longchang隆昌494 –Xiao ZhaowenXiao Zhaowen蕭昭文494Yanxing延興494Prince Gong恭王Emperor Ming of Southern QiXiao Luan蕭鸞494–498Jianwu建武494–498Emperor Ming明皇帝Yongtai永泰498Xiao BaojuanXiao Baojuan蕭寶卷499–501Yongyuan永元499–501Marquess Yang煬侯Emperor He of Southern QiXiao Baorong蕭寶融501–502Zhongxing中興501–502Emperor He和皇帝

 Liang dynasty (梁朝) (502–557 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Wu of LiangXiao Yan蕭衍502–549Tianjian天監502–519Emperor Wu武皇帝Putong普通520–527Datong大通527–529Zhongdatong中大通529–534Datong大同535–546Zhongdatong中大同546–547Taiqing太清547–549Emperor Jianwen of LiangXiao Gang蕭綱549–551Dabao大寶550–551Emperor Jianwen簡文皇帝Xiao DongXiao Dong蕭棟551–552Tianzheng天正551–552 –Emperor Yuan of LiangXiao Yi蕭繹552–555Chengsheng承聖552–555Emperor Xiaoyuan孝元皇帝Xiao YuanmingXiao Yuanming蕭淵明555Tiancheng天成555Emperor Min閔皇帝Emperor Jing of LiangXiao Fangzhi蕭方智555–557Shaotai紹泰555–556Emperor Jing敬皇帝Taiping太平556–557Western Liang (西梁) (555–587 CE)Emperor Xuan of Western LiangXiao Cha蕭詧555–562Dading大定555–562Emperor Xuan宣皇帝Emperor Ming of Western LiangXiao Kui蕭巋562–585Tianbao天保562–585Emperor Xiaoming孝明皇帝Emperor Jing of Western LiangXiao Cong蕭琮585–587Guangyun廣運562–585Emperor Xiaojing孝靖皇帝

 Chen dynasty (陳朝) (557–589 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Wu of ChenChen Baxian陳霸先557–559Yongding永定557–559Emperor Wu武皇帝Emperor Wen of ChenChen Qian陳蒨559–566Tianjia天嘉560–566Emperor Wen文皇帝Tiankang天康566Emperor Fei of ChenChen Bozong陳伯宗566–568Guangda光大566–568 –Emperor Xuan of ChenChen Xu陳頊569–582Taijian太建569–582Emperor Xiaoxuan孝宣皇帝Chen ShubaoChen Shubao陳叔寶583–589Zhide至德583–586 –Zhenming禎明587–589

 Sui dynasty (隋朝) (581–619 CE) 

Chinese convention: use "Sui" + posthumous name 
+ Name by which most commonly knownPersonal nameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) (and the corresponding range of years)Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Emperor Wen of Sui Yáng Jiān 楊堅 581–604 Kāihuáng 開皇 581–600 Emperor Wen 文皇帝 Rénshòu 仁壽 601–604Emperor Yang of Sui Yáng Guǎng 楊廣 605–617 Dàyè 大業 605–617 Emperor Yang 煬皇帝Yang You1 Yáng Yòu 楊侑 617–618 Yìníng 義寧 617–618 Emperor Gong 恭皇帝Yang Hao2 Yáng Hào 楊浩 618Huángtài皇泰618–619 –Yang Tong3 Yáng Tóng 楊侗 618–619 Emperor Gong 恭皇帝1 — Declared emperor by Li Yuan (the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang), implying a retirement for Emperor Yang (whom he "honoured" as Taishang Huang, or retired emperor) at the western capital Daxing (Chang'an), but only the commanderies under Li's control recognized this change; for the other commanderies under Sui control, Emperor Yang was still regarded as emperor, not as retired emperor. Now generally regarded as a legitimate emperor, due to his recognition by Li Yuan.

2 — Declared emperor by Yuwen Huaji, the general under whose leadership the plot to kill Emperor Yang was carried out, but killed by him later in 618; Yuwen Huaji then declared himself emperor of a brief Xu (許) state. As Yang Hao was completely under Yuwen's control and only "reigned" briefly, he is not usually regarded as a legitimate emperor.

3 — After news of Emperor Yang's death in 618 reached Daxing and the eastern capital Luoyang, Li Yuan deposed Emperor Gong and took the throne himself, establishing Tang dynasty, but the Sui officials at Luoyang declared Emperor Gong's brother Yang Tong (later also known as Emperor Gong) emperor. The legitimacy of his reign is disputed.

 ටෑං රාජවංශය (唐朝) (ක්‍රි.ව. 618–690, ක්‍රි.ව. 705–907) 

චීන සම්මුතිය: මෙහි දී "ටෑං" + විහාර නාමය භාවිතා කරන්න. (ෂැං අධිරාජයා සහ අයි අධිරාජයා හැර; ෂුවාන්සොං අධිරාජයාව (唐玄宗) ඇතැම් අවස්ථාවල ටෑං රාජවංශයේ මිං අධිරාජයා (唐明皇) ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලබයි)

+ වඩාත්ම ප්‍රචලිත නාමයපෞද්ගලික නාමයරාජ්‍ය සමයයුග නාම (නියාන් හාඕ 年號) (සහ අදාළ වර්ෂ)මරණාපර නාමය (ෂි හාඕ 諡號)විහාර නාමය (මියඕ හාඕ 庙号)Emperor Gaozu of TangLǐ Yuān李渊 618–626 Wude武德618–626Emperor Shenyao Dasheng Daguang Xiao神堯大聖大光孝皇帝 Gaozu高祖Emperor Taizong of Tang Lǐ Shìmín李世民 627–649 Zhenguan貞觀627–649 Emperor Wenwu Dasheng Daguang Xiao文武大聖大廣孝皇帝 Taizong太宗Emperor Gaozong of TangLǐ Zhì李治 650–683 Yonghui永徽650–655 Emperor Tianhuang Dasheng Dahong Xiao天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝 Gaozong高宗Xianqing顯慶656–661Longshuo龍朔661–663Linde麟德664–665Qianfeng乾封666–668Zongzhang總章668–670Xianheng咸亨670–674Shangyuan上元674–676Yifeng儀鳳676–679Tiaolu調露679–680Yonglong永隆680–681Kaiyao開耀681–682Yongchun永淳682–683Hongdao 弘道683Emperor Zhongzong of China Li Xian
or

Li Zhe李显
or

李哲 684
and

705–710 Sisheng嗣聖684 Emperor Dahe Dasheng Dazhao Xiao大和大聖大昭孝皇帝 Zhongzong中宗Shenlong神龍705–707Jinglong景龍707–710ටෑං හි රුයිෂෝං අධිරාජයාලි දන්李旦 684–690
සහ

710–712 වෙන්මිං文明684–690 Emperor Xuanzhen Dasheng Daxing Xiao玄真大聖大興孝皇帝 Ruizong睿宗Jingyun景雲710–711Taiji太極712Yanhe延和712Interregnum (690–705)Emperor Shang of TangLi Chongmao李重茂 710 Tanglong唐隆710 Emperor Shang殤皇帝–Emperor Xuanzong of TangLi Longji李隆基 712–756 Xiantian先天712–713 Emperor Zhidao Dasheng Daming Xiao至道大聖大明孝皇帝 Xuanzong玄宗Kaiyuan開元713–741Tianbao 天寶742–756Emperor Suzong of TangLi Heng李亨 756–762 Jide至德756–758 Emperor Wenming Wude Dasheng Daxuan Xiao文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝 Suzong肅宗Qianyuan乾元758–760Shangyuan上元760–761Emperor Daizong of TangLi Yu李豫 762–779 Baoying寶應762–763 Emperor Ruiwen Xiaowu睿文孝武皇帝 Daizong代宗Guangde廣德763–764Yongtai永泰765–766Dali大曆766–779Emperor Dezong of TangLi Gua李适 780–805 Jianzhong建中780–783 Emperor Shenwu Xiaowen神武孝文皇帝 Dezong德宗Xingyuan興元784Zhenyuan貞元785–805Emperor Shunzong of TangLi Song李誦 805 Yongzhen永貞805 Emperor Zhide Hongdao Dasheng Da'an Xiao至德弘道大聖大安孝皇帝 Shunzong順宗Emperor Xianzong of TangLi Chun李純 806–820 Yuanhe元和806–820 Emperor Zhaowen Zhangwu Dasheng Zhishen Xiao昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝 Xianzong憲宗Emperor Muzong of TangLi Heng李恆 821–824 Changqing長慶821–824 Emperor Ruisheng Wenhui Xiao睿聖文惠孝皇帝 Muzong穆宗Emperor Jingzong of TangLi Zhan李湛 824–826 Baoli寶曆824–826 Emperor Ruiwu Zhaomin Xiao睿武昭愍孝皇帝 Jingzong敬宗Emperor Wenzong of TangLi Ang李昂 826–840 Emperor Yuansheng Zhaoxian Xiao元聖昭獻孝皇帝 Wenzong文宗Dahe 
or

Taihe大和
or

太和827–835Kaicheng開成836–840Emperor Wuzong of TangLi Yan李炎 840–846 Huichang會昌841–846 Emperor Zhidao Zhaosu Xiao至道昭肅孝皇帝 Wuzong武宗Emperor Xuanzong of TangLi Chen李忱 846–859 Dachong大中847–859 Emperor Yuansheng Zhiming Chengwu Xianwen Ruizhi Zhangren Shencong Yidao Daxiao元聖至明成武獻文睿智章仁神聰懿道大孝皇帝 Xuanzong宣宗Emperor Yizong of TangLi Cui李漼 859–873 Emperor Zhaosheng Gonghui Xiao昭聖恭惠孝皇帝 Yizong懿宗Xiantong咸通860–874Emperor Xizong of TangLi Xuan李儇 873–888 Emperor Huisheng Gongding Xiao惠聖恭定孝皇帝 Xizong僖宗Qianfu乾符874–879Guangming廣明880–881Zhonghe中和881–885Guangqi光啟885–888Wende文德888Emperor Zhaozong of TangLi Ye李曄 888–904 Longji龍紀889 Emperor Shengmu Jingwen Xiao聖穆景文孝皇帝 Zhaozong昭宗Dashun大順890–891Jingfu景福892–893Qianning 乾寧894–898Guanghua 光化898–901Tianfu 天復901–904Tianyou天佑904Emperor Ai of TangLi Zhu李柷 904–907 Tianyou天佑904–907 Emperor AiorEmperor Zhaoxuan Guanglie Xiao哀皇帝or昭宣光烈孝皇帝 Jingzong景宗

 වූ චෞ (武周) (ක්‍රි.ව. 690–705) 
වඩාත් ප්‍රචලිත නාමයපෞද්ගලික නාමයරාජ්‍ය සමයයුග නාම (නියන් හාඕ 年號) සහ වර්ෂරාජ්‍ය නාමය (සුන් හාඕ 尊號)මරණාපර නාමය (ෂි හාඕ 諡號)විහාර නාමය (මියාඕ හාඕ 廟號)වූ සේටියෑන් වූ චාඕ武曌 690–705 Tianshou天授690–692 Empress Regnant Tiance Jinlun Shengshen天冊金輪聖神皇帝 Empress Consort Zetian Shunsheng1則天順聖皇后1 –Ruyi如意692Changshou長壽692–694Yanzai延載694Zhengsheng證聖695Tiancewansui天冊萬歲695–696Wansuidengfeng萬歲登封696Wansuitongtian萬歲通天696–697Shengong神功697Shengli聖曆698–700Jiushi久視700Dazu大足701Chang'an長安701–7051 — While Wu Zetian was empress regnant from 690 to 705, she was posthumously honored as empress consort of the Emperor Gaozong of Tang.

 Huang Qi (黃齊) (881–884 CE) 
Name by which most commonly knownPersonal NameReignEra names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Huang Chao Huang Chao黃巢 881–884 Wángbà王霸878–880 –Jīntǒng 金統881–884

 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國) (907–979 CE) 

 Five Dynasties (五代) (907–960 CE) 
Chinese convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name

 Later Liang (後梁) (907–923 CE) 
 Personal Name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Zhū Wēn 朱溫 907–912  Emperor Shenwu Yuansheng Xiao神武元聖孝皇帝 Kaīpíng開平907–911 Taizu太祖Qiánhuà乾化911–912Zhu Yougui 朱友珪 912–913–Qiánhuà乾化912–913–Fengli鳳曆913 Zhū Zhèn 朱瑱 913–923 –Qiánhuà乾化913–915–Zhēnmíng貞明915–921Lóngdé龍德921–923

 Later Tang (後唐) (923–937 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Lǐ Cúnxù李存勗 923–926 Emperor Guangsheng Shenmin Xiao光聖神閔孝皇帝 Tongguang同光923–926 Zhuangzong莊宗 Lǐ Sìyuán
or

Lǐ Dǎn李嗣源

or

李亶 926–933Emperor Shengde Hewu Qinxiao聖德和武欽孝皇帝 Tiancheng天成926–930 Mingzong明宗Changxing長興930–933 Lǐ Cónghòu李從厚 933–934 Emperor Min閔皇帝 Yingshun應順933–934– Lǐ Cóngkē李從珂 934–937– Qingtai清泰934–936–

 Later Jin (後晉) (936–947 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Shi Jingtang石敬瑭 936–942 Emperor Shengwen Zhangwu Mingde Xiao聖文章武明德孝皇帝 Tianfu天福936–944 Gaozu高祖 Shi Chonggui石重貴 942–947 Emperor Chu出皇帝 –Kaiyun開運944–947

 Later Han (後漢) (947–951 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Liu Zhiyuan劉知遠 947–948 Emperor Ruiwen Shengwu Zhaosu Xiao睿文聖武昭肅孝皇帝 Tianfu天福947 Gaozu高祖 Liu Chengyou劉承祐 948–951 Emperor Yin隱皇帝 Qianyou乾祐948–951–

 Later Zhou (後周) (951–960 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Guo Wei郭威 951–954 Emperor Shengshen Gongsu Wenwu Xiao聖神恭肅文武孝皇帝 Guangshun廣順951–954 Taizu太祖 Chai Rong柴榮 954–959 Emperor Ruiwu Xiaowen睿武孝文皇帝 Xiande顯德954–960 Shizong世宗 Chai Zongxun柴宗訓 959–960 Emperor Gong恭皇帝–

 Ten Kingdoms (十國) (907–979 CE) 
Chinese convention: use personal names, noted otherwise

 Former Shu (前蜀) (907–925 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Wang Jian王建 907–918Emperor Shenwu Shengwen Xiaode Minghui神武圣文孝德明惠皇帝 Tianfu天復907Gaozu高祖Wucheng武成908–910Yongping永平911–915Tongzheng通正916Tianhan 天漢917Guangtian光天918 Wang Zongyan王宗衍 918–925– Qiande乾德918–925 –Xiankang咸康925

 Yang Wu (楊吳) (907–937 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Yang Xingmi楊行密 904–905Emperor Wu武皇帝 Tianyou天祐904–919Taizu太祖 Yang Wo楊渥 905–908Emperor Jing景皇帝Liezong烈宗 Yang Longyan楊隆演 908–921Emperor Xuan宣皇帝Gaozu高祖Wuyi武義919–921 Yang Pu楊溥 921–937Emperor Rui睿皇帝 Shunyi順義921–927–Qianzhen乾貞927–929Dahe 大和929–935Tianzuo天祚935–937

 Ma Chu (馬楚) (907–951 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Ma Yin馬殷 897–930King Wumu武穆王–– Ma Xisheng馬希聲 930–932––– Ma Xifan馬希範 932–947King Wenzhao文昭王–– Ma Xiguang馬希廣 947–950––– Ma Xi'e馬希萼 950King Gongxiao恭孝王–– Ma Xichong馬希崇 950–951–––

 Wuyue (吳越) (907–978 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Qian Liu錢鏐 904–932King Wusu武肅王 Tianbao天寶908–923Taizu太祖Baoda寶大923–925Baozheng寶正925–932 Qian Yuanguan錢元瓘 932–941King Wenmu文穆王– Shizong世宗 Qian Hongzuo錢弘佐 941–947King Zhongxian忠獻王– Chengzong成宗 Qian Hongzong錢弘倧 947King Zhongxun忠遜王–– Qian Chu (Qian Hongchu) 錢俶 (錢弘俶) 947–978King Zhongyi忠懿王––

 Min (閩) (909–945 CE) & Yin (殷) (943–945 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Wang Shenzhi王審知 909–925 Emperor Zhaowu Xiao昭武孝皇帝–Taizu太祖 Wang Yanhan王延翰 925–926––– Wang Yanjun王延鈞 926–935 Emperor Qisu Mingxiao齊肅明孝皇帝 Longqi龍啟933–935 Huizong惠宗Yonghe永和935 Wang Jipeng王繼鵬 935–939 Emperor Shengshen Yingrui Wenming Guangwu Yingdao Dahong Xiao聖神英睿文明廣武應道大弘孝皇帝 Tongwen通文936–939 Kangzong康宗 Wang Yanxi王延羲 939–944 Emperor Ruiwen Guangwu Mingsheng Yuande Longdao Daxiao睿文廣武明聖元德隆道大孝皇帝 Yonglong永隆939–944 Jingzong景宗 Wang Yanzheng王延政 943–945 Prince Gongyi恭懿王 Tiande天德943–945–

 Southern Han (南漢) (917–971 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Liú YánorLiú Yǎn劉巖
or

劉龑 917–925Emperor Tianhuang Da天皇大帝 Qiánhēng乾亨917–925Gaozu高祖Báilóng白龍925–928Dàyǒu大有928–941 Liú Bīn劉玢 941–943Emperor Shang殤皇帝 Guāngtiān光天941–943– Liú Shèng劉晟 943–958Emperor Wenwu Guangsheng Mingxiao文武光圣明孝皇帝 Yìngqián應乾943Zhongzong中宗Qiánhé乾和943–958 Liú Chǎng劉鋹 958–971– Dàbǎo大寶958–971 –

 Jingnan (荊南) (924–963 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Gao Jixing高季興 909–928King Wuxin武信王–– Gao Conghui高從誨 928–948King Wenxian文獻王–– Gao Baorong高寶融 948–960King Zhenyi貞懿王–– Gao Baoxu高寶勗 960–962––– Gao Jichong高繼沖 962–963–––

 Later Shu (後蜀) (934–965 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Meng Zhixiang孟知祥 934 Emperor Wenwu Shengde Yinglie Mingxiao文武聖德英烈明孝皇帝 Mingde明德934–938Gaozu高祖 Meng Chang孟昶 938–965 Prince Gongxiao恭孝王 Guangzheng廣政938–965 –

 Southern Tang (南唐) (937–976 CE) 
Chinese convention for this dynasty only: Use Nan (Southern) Tang + "Qianzhu" (lit. "first lord"), "Zhongzhu" (lit. "middle lord") or "Houzhu" (lit. "last lord").
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Li Bian李昪 937–943 Emperor Guangwen Suwu Xiaogao光文肅武孝高皇帝 Shengyuan昇元937–943Liezu 烈祖 Li Jing李璟 943–961Emperor Mingdao Chongde Wenxuan Xiao明道崇德文宣孝皇帝 Baoda保大943–958Yuanzong元宗Jiaotai交泰958Zhongxing中興958Li Yu李煜 961–976 – – –

 Northern Han (北漢) (951–979 CE) 
Personal NameReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of yearsTemple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Liu Min劉旻 951–954Emperor Shenwu神武皇帝 Qianyou乾祐951–957Shizu世祖 Liu Chengjun劉承鈞 954–970Emperor Xiaohe孝和皇帝Ruizong睿宗Tianhui天會957–970 Liu Ji'en劉繼恩 970–– – Liu Jiyuan劉繼元 970–982Emperor Yingwu英武皇帝 Guangyun廣運970–982 –

 Independent regimes during Ten Kingdoms 
(local independent regimes during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period traditionally not counted in the Ten Kingdoms)

 Qingyuan Jiedushi (清源節度使) (949–978 CE) 
 Personal name Name of posts Period on post Liu Congxiao留從效 Commander-in-Chief of Quanzhang泉漳都指揮使 945–962 Liu Shaozi留紹鎡 Regent of Quanzhang泉漳留守 962 Zhang Hansi張漢思Military Commissioner of Quanzhang泉漳節度使 962–963 Chen Hongjin陳洪進 963–978

 Wuping Jiedushi (武平節度使) (950–963 CE) 
{| class="wikitable" width="95%"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Personal name
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Name of posts
! style="background:#efefef;" | Period on post
|-
| Liu Yan
|劉言
| rowspan="2" | Military Commissioner of Wuping
| rowspan="2" |武平節度使
| 950–953
|-
| Wang KuiorWang Jinkui|王逵

or

王進逵
| 953–956
|-
| Zhou Xingfeng|周行逢
| rowspan="2" | Military Commissioner of Hunan
| rowspan="2" |湖南節度使
| 956–962
|-
| Zhou Baoquan'|周保權
| 962–963
|}

 Liao dynasty (遼朝) (916–1125 CE) Chinese convention: use "Liao" + temple name except Liao Tianzuodi who is referred using "Liao" + regnal name+ Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Emperor Taizu of Liao  Yēlǜ Ābǎojī耶律阿保機 916–926 Emperor Dasheng Daming Shenlie Tian大聖大明神烈天皇帝 Shence神冊916–922 Taizu太祖Tianzan 天贊922–926Tianxian天顯926Emperor Taizong of LiaoYēlǜ Déguāng耶律德光 926–947 Emperor Xiaowu Huiwen孝武惠文皇帝 Tianxian天顯927–938 Taizong太宗Huitong會同938–947Datong大同947Emperor Shizong of LiaoYēlǜ Ruǎn耶律阮 947–951 Emperor Xiaohe Zhuangxian孝和莊憲皇帝 Tianlu天祿947–951 Shizong世宗Emperor Muzong of LiaoYēlǜ Jǐng耶律璟 951–969 Emperor Xiao'an Jingzheng孝安敬正皇帝 Yingli應曆951–969 Muzong穆宗Emperor Jingzong of LiaoYēlǜ Xián耶律賢 969–982 Emperor Xiaocheng Kangjing孝成康靖皇帝 Baoning保寧969–979 Jingzong景宗Qianheng乾亨979–982Emperor Shengzong of LiaoYēlǜ Lóngxù耶律隆緒 982–1031 Emperor Wenwu Daxiao Xuan文武大孝宣皇帝 Qianheng乾亨982 Shengzong聖宗Tonghe統和983–1012Kaitai開泰1012–1021Taiping太平1021–1031Emperor Xingzong LiaoYēlǜ Zōngzhēn耶律宗真 1031–1055 Emperor Shensheng Xiaozhang神聖孝章皇帝 Jingfu景福1031–1032 Xingzong興宗Chongxi重熙1032–1055Emperor Daozong of LiaoYēlǜ Hóngjī耶律洪基 1055–1101 Emperor Rensheng Daxiao Wen仁聖大孝文皇帝 Qingning清寧1055–1064 Daozong道宗Xianyong咸雍1065–1074Taikang

or

Dakang太康
or

大康1075–1084Da'an大安1085–1094Shouchang

or

Shoulong壽昌
or

壽隆1095–1101Emperor Tianzuo of Liao1Yēlǜ Yánxǐ耶律延禧 1101–1125– Qiantong乾統1101–1110–Tianqing 天慶1111–1120Baoda保大1121–11251 — "Emperor Tianzuo" was the regnal name (尊號) of Yelü Yanxi.

 Northern Liao (北遼) (1122–1123 CE) Chinese convention: use personal name or "Northern Liao" + temple name+  Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Yelü Chun Yelü Chun耶律淳1122 Emperor Xiaozhang孝章皇帝 Jianfu建福1122 Xuanzong宣宗Xiao Puxiannü(regent) Xiao Puxiannü蕭普賢女1122–1123 – Dexing德興1122–1123 –

 Western Liao (西遼) (1124–1218 CE) Chinese convention: use personal name or "Western Liao" + posthumous name+  Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Yelü Dashi Yēlǜ Dàshí 
or

Yēlǜ Dáshí1耶律大石

or

耶律達實 1124–1144 Emperor Tianyou Wulie 天祐武烈皇帝 Yanqing延慶1124 or 1125–1134 Dezong德宗 Kangguo康國1134–1144Xiao Tabuyan(regent)
| Xiāo Tǎbùyān
|蕭塔不煙
| 1144–1150
| Empress Consort Gantian
|感天皇后
| Xianqing
|咸清
|1144–1150
| colspan="2" |–|-
|Yelü Yilie 
| Yēlǜ Yíliè
|耶律夷列
| 1150–1164
| colspan="2" |–| ShaoxingorXuxing2 
|紹興or續興
|1150–1164
| Renzong
|仁宗
|-
|Yelü Pusuwan(regent) Yēlǜ Pǔsùwán耶律普速完  1164–1178 Empress Dowager Chengtian承天太后  Chongfu (崇福 Chóngfú) 1164–1178崇福1164–1178–Yelü Zhilugu Yēlǜ Zhílǔgǔ耶律直魯古 1178–1211– Tianxi (天禧 Tiānxī) 1178–1218天禧1178–1218– Kuchlug  Qūchūlǜ屈出律  1211–1218–––1 — "Dashi" might be the Chinese title "Taishi", meaning "vizier"; or, it could mean "Stone" in Turkish, as the Chinese transliteration suggests.
2 — Recently discovered Western Liao coins have the era name "Xuxing", suggesting that the era name "Shaoxing" recorded in Chinese sources may be incorrect.

 Dongdan (東丹) (926–952 CE) 

+  Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Yelü Bei Yelü Bei耶律倍926–930 Emperor Wenxian Qinyi文獻欽義皇帝 Ganlu甘露926–936 Yizong義宗Empress Consort DuanshunLady Xiao(name unknown)(regent)蕭氏930–940 Empress Consort Duanshun端順皇后 –Emperor Shizong of Liao Yelü Ruan耶律阮 940–947 Emperor Xiaohe Zhuangxian孝和莊憲皇帝 – –Yelü Anduan Yelü Anduan耶律安端 947–952 – – –

 Song dynasty (宋朝) (960–1279 CE) Chinese convention: use "Song" + temple name or posthumous name (except last emperor who was revered as Song Di Bing (宋帝昺 Sòng Dì Bǐng))+ Name by which most commonly known Personal name ReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Northern Song (北宋) (960–1127 CE)Emperor Taizu of Song Zhao Kuangyin趙匡胤 960–976 Emperor Qiyun Liji Yingwu Ruiwen Shende Shenggong Zhiming Daxiao啟運立極英武睿文神德聖功至明大孝皇帝 Jianlong建隆960–963 Taizu太祖Qiande乾德963–968Kaibao開寶968–976Emperor Taizong of Song Zhao Kuangyi 
or
Zhao Guangyi

or

Zhao Jiong趙匡義

or

趙光義

or

趙炅 976–997 Emperor Zhiren Yingdao Shengong Shengde Wenwu Ruilie Daming Guangxiao至仁應道神功聖德文武睿烈大明廣孝皇帝 Taipingxingguo太平興國976–984 Taizong太宗Yongxi雍熙984–987Duangong端拱988–989Chunhua淳化990–994Zhidao至道995–997Emperor Zhenzong of Song Zhao Heng趙恆 997–1022 Emperor Yingfu Jigu Shengong Rangde Wenming Wuding Zhangsheng Yuanxiao應符稽古神功讓德文明武定章聖元孝皇帝 Xianping咸平998–1003 Zhenzong真宗Jingde景德1004–1007Dazhongxiangfu 大中祥符1008–1016Tianxi天禧1017–1021Qianxing 乾興1022Emperor Renzong of Song Zhao Zhen趙禎 1022–1063 Emperor Titian Fadao Jigong Quande Shenwen Shengwu Ruizhe Mingxiao體天法道極功全德神文聖武睿哲明孝皇帝 Tiansheng天聖1023–1032 Renzong仁宗Mingdao 明道1032–1033Jingyou 景祐1034–1038Baoyuan 寶元1038–1040Kangding 康定1040–1041Qingli 慶曆1041–1048Huangyou 皇祐1049–1054Zhihe 至和1054–1056Jiayou嘉祐1056–1063Emperor Yingzong of Song Zhao Shu趙曙 1063–1067 Emperor Tiqian Yingli Longgong Shengde Xianwen Suwu Ruisheng Xuanxiao體乾應曆隆功盛德憲文肅武睿聖宣孝皇帝 Zhiping治平1064–1067 Yingzong英宗Emperor Shenzong of Song Zhao Xu趙頊 1067–1085 Emperor Tiyuan Xiandao Fagu Lixian Dide Wanggong Yingwen Liewu Qinren Shengxiao體元顯道法古立憲帝德王功英文烈武欽仁聖孝皇帝 Xining熙寧1068–1077 Shenzong神宗Yuanfeng 元豐1078–1085Emperor Zhezong of Song Zhao Xu趙煦 1085–1100 Emperor Xianyuan Jidao Shede Yanggong Qinwen Ruiwu Qisheng Zhaoxiao憲元繼道世德揚功欽文睿武齊聖昭孝皇帝 Yuanyou元祐1086–1094 Zhezong哲宗Shaosheng 紹聖1094–1098Yuanfu 元符1098–1100Emperor Huizong of Song Zhao Ji趙佶 1100–1125 Emperor Tishen Hedao Junlie Xungong Shengwen Rende Cixian Xianxiao體神合道駿烈遜功聖文仁德慈憲顯孝皇帝 Jianzhongjingguo建中靖國1101 Huizong徽宗Chongning 崇寧1102–1106Daguan 大觀1107–1110Zhenghe 政和1111–1118Chonghe 重和1118–1119Xuanhe 宣和1119–1125Emperor Qinzong of Song Zhao Huan趙桓 1126–1127 Emperor Gongwen Shunde Renxiao恭文順德仁孝皇帝 Jingkang靖康1125–1127 Qinzong欽宗Southern Song (南宋) (1127–1279 CE)Emperor Gaozong of Song Zhao Gou趙構 1127–1162 Emperor Shouming Zhongxing Quangong Zhide Shengshen Wuwen Zhaoren Xianxiao受命中興全功至德聖神武文昭仁憲孝皇帝 Jianyan建炎1127–1130 Gaozong高宗Shaoxing 紹興1131–1162Emperor Xiaozong of Song Zhao Shen趙昚 1162–1189 Emperor Shaotong Tongdao Guande Zhaogong Zhewen Shenwu Mingsheng Chengxiao紹統同道冠德昭功哲文神武明聖成孝皇帝 Longxing 隆興1163–1164 Xiaozong孝宗Qiandao 乾道1165–1173Chunxi 淳熙1174–1189Emperor Guangzong of Song Zhao Dun趙惇 1189–1194 Emperor Xundao Xianren Minggong Maode Wenwen Shunwu Shengzhe Cixiao循道憲仁明功茂德溫文順武聖哲慈孝皇帝 Shaoxi紹熙1190–1194 Guangzong光宗Emperor Ningzong of Song Zhao Kuo趙擴 1194–1224Emperor Fatian Beidao Chunde Maogong Renwen Zhewu Shengrui Gongxiao法天備道純德茂功仁文哲武聖睿恭孝皇帝 Qingyuan慶元1195–1200 Ningzong寧宗Jiatai 嘉泰1201–1204Kaixi 開禧1205–1207Jiading 嘉定1208–1224Emperor Lizong of Song Zhao Yun趙昀 1224–1264 Emperor Jiandao Beide Dagong Fuxing Liewen Renwu Shengming Anxiao建道備德大功復興烈文仁武聖明安孝皇帝 Baoqing寶慶1225–1227 Lizong理宗Shaoding 紹定1228–1233Duanping 端平1234–1236Jiaxi 嘉熙1237–1240Chunyou 淳祐1241–1252Baoyou 寶祐1253–1258Kaiqing 開慶1259Jingding 景定1260–1264Emperor Duzong of Song Zhao Qi趙禥 1264–1274 Emperor Duanwen Mingwu Jingxiao端文明武景孝皇帝 Xianchun咸淳1265–1274 Duzong度宗Emperor Gong of Song Zhao Xian趙顯 1274–1276– Deyou德祐1275–1276–Emperor Duanzong of Song Zhao Shi趙昰 1276–1278 Emperor Yuwen Zhaowu Minxiao裕文昭武愍孝皇帝 Jingyan景炎1276–1278 Duanzong端宗Zhao Bing Zhao Bing趙昺 1278–1279– Xiangxing祥興1278–1279–

 Dali Kingdom (大理) (937–1094 CE, 1096–1253 CE) 

+  Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years)Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Former Dali (前大理) (937–1094 CE)Duan SipingDuan Siping段思平937–944Emperor Shengshen Wenwu聖神文武皇帝Wende文德938–?Taizu太祖Shenwu神武?–944Duan SiyingDuan Siying段思英944–945–Wenjing文經945–Duan SiliangDuan Siliang段思良945–952Emperor Shengci Wenwu聖慈文武皇帝Zhizhi至治946–951–Duan SicongDuan Sicong段思聰952–968Emperor Zhidao Guangci至道廣慈皇帝Mingde明德952–?–Guangde廣德?–967Shunde順德968Duan SushunDuan Sushun段素順968–985Emperor Yingdao應道皇帝Mingzheng明政969–985–Duan SuyingDuan Suying段素英985–1009Emperor Zhaoming昭明皇帝Guangming廣明986–?–Mingying明應?Mingtong明統?Mingsheng明聖?Mingzhi明治?Duan SulianDuan Sulian段素廉1009–1022Emperor Xuansu宣肅皇帝Mingqi明啟1010–1022–Duan SulongDuan Sulong段素隆1022–1026Emperor Bingyi秉義皇帝Mingtong明通1023–1026–Duan SuzhenDuan Suzhen段素真1026–1041Emperor Shengde聖德皇帝Zhengzhi正治1027–1041–Duan SuxingDuan Suxing段素興1041–1044–Shengming聖明1042–?–Tianming天明?–1044Duan SilianDuan Silian段思廉1044–1075Emperor Xiaode孝德皇帝Bao'an保安1045–1052Xingzong興宗Zheng'an政安1053–?Zhengde正德?Baode保德?–1074Minghou明侯?Duan LianyiDuan Lianyi段廉義1075–1080–Shangde上德1076–Duan ShouhuiDuan Shouhui段壽輝1080–1081–Shangming上明1081–Duan ZhengmingDuan Zhengming段正明1081–1094Emperor Baoding保定皇帝Baoli保立1082–Jian'an建安1083–1091Tianyou天祐1091–1094Later Dali (後大理) (1096–1253 CE)Duan ZhengchunDuan Zhengchun段正淳1096–1108Emperor Wen'an文安皇帝Tianshou天授1096Zhongzong中宗Mingkai明開1097–1103Tianzheng天政1103–1104Wen'an文安1104–1108Duan ZhengyanDuan Zhengyan段正嚴1108–1147Emperor Xuanren宣仁皇帝Rixin日新1109–1110Xianzong憲宗Wenzhi文治1110–?Yongjia永嘉?–1128Baotian保天1129–1137Guangyun廣運1138–1147Duan ZhengxingDuan Zhengxing段正興1147–1171Emperor Zhengkang正康皇帝Yongzhen永貞1148Jingzong景宗Dabao大寶1149–1156Longxing龍興1157–1161Shengming盛明1162–?Jiande建德?–1171Duan ZhixingDuan Zhixing段智興1171–1200Emperor Gongji功極皇帝Lizhen利貞1172–1174Xuanzong宣宗Shengde盛德1176–1180Jiahui嘉會1181–1184Yuanheng元亨1185–1195Ding'an定安1195–1200Duan ZhilianDuan Zhilian段智廉1200–1204Emperor Hengtian亨天皇帝Fengli鳳曆1200–?Yingzong英宗Yuanshou元壽?–1204Duan ZhixiangDuan Zhixiang段智祥1204–1238–Tiankai天開1205–1225Shenzong神宗Tianfu天輔1226Tianshou仁壽1227–1238Duan XiangxingDuan Xiangxing段祥興1238–1251Emperor Xiaoyi孝義皇帝Daolong道隆1239–1251–Duan XingzhiDuan Xingzhi段興智1251–1254–Tianding天定1251–1254–

 Western Xia (西夏) (1038–1227 CE) Chinese convention: use "Western Xia" + temple name (or use personal name)The Tangut names for about half of the Western Xia eras are known from Tangut texts or monumental inscriptions, or from Western Xia coins.

+ Name by which most commonly known Personal Name ReignPosthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號)Emperor Jǐngzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Yuánhào李元昊 1032–1048 Emperor Wǔliè武烈皇帝 Xiǎndào顯道1032–1034 Jǐngzōng景宗Kāiyùn 開運1034Guǎngpíng 廣平1035–1036Dàqìng 大慶1036–1038Tiānshòulǐfǎyánzuò 天授禮法延祚1038–1048Emperor Yìzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Liàngzuò李諒祚 1048–1067 Emperor Zhāoyīng昭英皇帝 Yánsìníngguó延嗣寧國1048–1049 Yìzōng毅宗Tiānyòuchuíshèng 天祐垂聖1050–1052Fúshèngchéngdào 福聖承道1053–1056Duǒdū 奲都1057–1063Gǒnghuà 拱化1063–1067Emperor Huìzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Bǐngcháng李秉常 1067–1086 Emperor Kāngjìng康靖皇帝 Qiándào乾道1067–1069 Huìzōng惠宗Tiāncìlǐshèngguóqìng 天賜禮盛國慶1070–1074Dà'ān 大安1075–1085Tiān'ānlǐdìng 天安禮定1085–1086Emperor Chóngzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Qiánshùn 李乾順 1086–1139 Emperor Shèngwén聖文皇帝 Tiānyízhìpíng天儀治平1086–1089 Chóngzōng崇宗Tiānyòumín'ān天祐民安1090–1097Yǒng'ān 永安1098–1100Zhēnguān 貞觀1101–1113Yōngníng 雍寧1114–1118Yuándé 元德1119–1127Zhèngdé 正德1127–1134Dàdé 大德1135–1139Emperor Rénzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Rénxiào李仁孝 1139–1193 Emperor Shengde聖德皇帝 Dàqìng大慶1139–1143 Rénzōng仁宗Rénqìng 人慶1144–1148Tiānshèng 天盛1149–1170Qiányòu 乾祐1170–1193Emperor Huánzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Chúnyòu 李純佑 1193–1206 Emperor Zhāojiǎn昭簡皇帝 Tiānqìng天慶1193–1206 Huánzōng桓宗Emperor Xiāngzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Ānquán李安全 1206–1211 Emperor Jingmu敬穆皇帝 Yīngtiān應天1206–1209 Xiāngzōng襄宗Huángjiàn 皇建1210–1211Emperor Shénzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Zūnxū李遵頊 1211–1223 Emperor Yīngwén英文皇帝 Guāngdìng光定1211–1223 Shénzōng神宗Emperor Xiànzōng of Western Xia Lǐ Déwàng李德旺 1223–1226 Emperor Xiao'ai孝哀皇帝 Qiándìng乾定1223–1226 Xiànzōng獻宗Emperor Mò of Western Xia Lǐ Xiàn李晛 1226–1227– Bǎoyì寶義1226–1227–

 Jin dynasty (金朝) (1115–1234 CE) Chinese convention: use "Jin" + temple name or posthumous name in Chinese
+ Jin dynasty 1115–1234 Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Emperor Taizu of Jin ĀgǔdǎorWányán Mǐn 阿骨打or完顏旻 1115–1123 Shōuguó  收國  1115–1116 Emperor Yingqian Xingyun Zhaode Dinggong Renming Zhuangxiao Dasheng Wuyuan 應乾興運昭德定功仁明莊孝大聖武元皇帝 Tàizǔ  太祖 Tiānfǔ  天輔  1117–1123 Emperor Taizong of Jin WúqǐmǎiorWányán Shèng  吳乞買or完顏晟 1123–1134 Tiānhuì  天會  1123–1134 Emperor Tiyuan Yingyun Shide Zhaogong Zhehui Rensheng Wenlie 體元應運世德昭功哲惠仁聖文烈皇帝 Tàizōng  太宗 Emperor Xizong of Jin HéláorWányán Dǎn 合剌or完顏亶 1135–1149 Tiānhuì  天會  1135–1138 Emperor Hongji Zuanwu Zhuangjing Xiaocheng 弘基纘武莊靖孝成皇帝 Xīzōng  熙宗 Tiānjuàn  天眷  1138–1141 Huángtǒng  皇統  1141–1149 Wanyan Liang DígǔnǎiorWányán Liàng 迪古乃or完顏亮 1149–1161 Tiāndé  天德  1149–1153 Prince Yáng 煬王– Zhènyuán  貞元  1153–1156 Zhènglóng  正隆  1156–1161 Emperor Shizong of Jin WūlùorWányán Yōng  烏祿or完顏雍 1161–1189 Dàdìng  大定  1161–1189 Emperor Guangtian Xingyun Wende Wugong Shengming Renxiao 光天興運文德武功聖明仁孝皇帝 Shìzōng  世宗 Emperor Zhangzong of Jin MádágěorWányán Jǐng 麻達葛or完顏璟 1190–1208 Míngchāng  明昌  1190–1196 Emperor Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao 憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝 Zhāngzōng 章宗 Chéng'ān  承安  1196–1200 Tàihé  泰和  1200–1208 Wanyan Yongji Wányán Yǒngjì 完顏永濟 1209–1213 Dà'ān  大安  1209–1212 Prince Shào 紹王–Chóngqìng  崇慶  1212–1213Zhìníng  至寧  1213 Emperor Xuanzong of Jin WúdúbǔorWányán Xú 吾睹補or完顏珣 1213–1223 Zhēnyòu  貞祐  1213–1217 Emperor Jitian Xingtong Shudao Qinren Yingwu Shengxiao 繼天興統述道勤仁英武聖孝皇帝 Xuānzōng 宣宗Xīngdìng  興定  1217–1222Yuánguāng  元光  1222–1223 Emperor Aizong of Jin NíngjiǎsùorWányán Shǒuxù 寧甲速or完顏守緒 1224–1234 Zhèngdà  正大  1224–1232 Emperor Zhuang 莊皇帝 Āizōng 哀宗Kāixīng  開興  1232Tiānxīng  天興  1232–1234 Emperor Mo of Jin HūdūnorWányán Chénglín  呼敦or完顏承麟 1234–––

 Yuan dynasty (元朝) (1271–1368 CE) Chinese convention: for rulers before Kublai Khan use given name (e.g. Temüjin) or Khan names, use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name afterNote:1) The Mongol Great Khans before Khublai were only declared Yuan emperors after the creation of Yuan dynasty in 12712) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names.3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for avoiding confusion with Timur the lame (Tamerlane).+  Khan Name Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Regnal name (Zun Hao 尊號) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Genghis Khan Borjigin Temüjin孛兒只斤鐵木真 1206–1227 – – Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu法天啟運聖武皇帝 Tàizǔ太祖 Tolui Borjigin Tolui孛兒只斤拖雷 1228 – – Emperor Rensheng Jingxiang仁聖景襄皇帝 Ruìzōng睿宗 Ögedei Khan Borjigin Ögedei孛兒只斤窩闊台 1229–1241 – – Emperor Yingwen英文皇帝 Tàizōng太宗 Güyük Khan Borjigin Güyük孛兒只斤貴由 1246–1248 – – Emperor Jianping簡平皇帝 Dìngzōng定宗 Möngke Khan Borjigin Möngke孛兒只斤蒙哥 1251–1259 – – Emperor Huansu桓肅皇帝 Xiànzōng憲宗 Kublai Khan Borjigin Kublai孛兒只斤忽必烈 1260–1294 Zhōngtǒng中統1260–1264 Emperor Xiantian Shudao Renwen Yiwu Daguang Xiao憲天述道仁文義武大光孝皇帝 Emperor Shengde Shengong Wenwu聖德神功文武皇帝 Shìzǔ世祖Zhìyuán至元1264–1294 Temür Khan Borjigin Temür孛兒只斤鐵穆耳 1294–1307 Yuánzhēn元貞1295–1297 – Emperor Qinming Guangxiao欽明廣孝皇帝 Chéngzōng成宗1307–1308Dàdé大德1297–1307 Külüg Khan Borjigin Qayshan孛兒只斤海山 1308–1311 Zhìdà至大1308–1311 Emperor Tongtian Jisheng Qinwen Yingwu Dazhang Xiao統天繼聖欽文英武大章孝皇帝 Emperor Renhui Xuanxiao仁惠宣孝皇帝 Wǔzōng武宗 Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan Borjigin Ayurparibhadra孛兒只斤愛育黎拔力八達 1311–1320 Huángqìng皇慶1312–1313 – Emperor Shengwen Qinxiao聖文欽孝皇帝 Rénzōng仁宗1320–1321Yányòu延祐1314–1320 Gegeen Khan Borjigin Suddhipala孛兒只斤碩德八剌 1321–1323 Zhìzhì至治1321–1323 Emperor Jitian Tidao Jingwen Renwu Dazhao Xiao繼天體道敬文仁武大昭孝皇帝 Emperor Ruisheng Wenxiao睿聖文孝皇帝 Yīngzōng英宗 Yesün Temür1 Borjigin Yesün-Temür孛兒只斤也孫鐵木兒 1323–1328 Tàidìng泰定1324–1328 – – –Zhìhé致和1328 Ragibagh Khan1 Borjigin Arigaba孛兒只斤阿速吉八 1328 Tiānshùn天順1328 – – – Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür Borjigin Toq-Temür孛兒只斤圖帖睦爾 1328–1329 and 1329–1332 Tiānlì天曆1328–1330 Emperor Qintian Tongsheng Zhide Chenggong Dawen Xiao欽天統聖至德誠功大文孝皇帝 Emperor Shengming Yuanxiao聖明元孝皇帝 Wénzōng文宗Zhìshùn至順1330–1332 Khutughtu Khan Kusala Borjigin Qoshila孛兒只斤和世剌 1329 Emperor Shuntian Lidao Ruiwen Zhiwu Dasheng Xiao順天立道睿文智武大聖孝皇帝 Emperor Yixian Jingxiao翼獻景孝皇帝 Míngzōng明宗 Rinchinbal Khan Borjigin Irinchibal孛兒只斤懿璘質班 1332 – Emperor Chongsheng Sixiao沖聖嗣孝皇帝 Níngzōng寧宗 Toghon Temür2 Borjigin Toghan-Temür孛兒只斤妥懽帖睦爾 1333–13681333 – Emperor Xuanren PuxiaoorEmperor Shun宣仁普孝皇帝or順皇帝 Huìzōng惠宗Yuántǒng元統1333–1335Zhìyuán至元1335–1340Zhìzhèng至正1341–1368Zhìyuán至元1368–13701 — Chinese convention: for these sovereigns only, use "Yuan" + era name (e.g. 元泰定帝 Yuán Tàidìng Dì).2 — Chinese convention: for this sovereign only, use "Yuan" + posthumous name.

 Northern Yuan (北元) (1368–1388 CE) 

Retreat of the Yuan court to the Mongolian Plateau after being overthrown by the Ming dynasty in China proper in 1368 (1368 – early 15th century)Convention: use khan names or birth names.+  Khan Names Personal Name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Toghon Temür Borjigin Toghan-Temür孛兒只斤妥懽帖睦爾 1368–1370 Zhìshùn至順1333 Emperor Xuanren PuxiaoorEmperor Shun宣仁普孝皇帝or順皇帝 Huìzōng惠宗Yuántǒng元統1333–1335Zhìyuán至元1335–1340Zhìzhèng至正1341–1368Zhìyuán至元1368–1370 Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara Borjigin Ayushiridara孛兒只斤愛猷識里達臘 1370–1378 Xuānguāng宣光1371–1378 Emperor Wucheng Hexiao武承和孝皇帝 Zhāozōng昭宗 Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür Borjigin Tögüs Temür孛兒只斤脫古思帖木兒 1378–1388 Tiānyuán

or

Tiānguāng1天元

or

天光1378–1388 Emperor Yisheng Ningxiao益聖寧孝皇帝 –1 — Recently discovered Northern Yuan coins have the era name "Tianguang", suggesting that the era name "Tianyuan" recorded in Chinese sources may be incorrect.http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_ac349fd50102xfdr.html

 මිං රාජවංශය (明朝) (ක්‍රි.ව. 1368–1644) 

 Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name1 (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name1 (Miao Hao 廟號) හොංවු අධිරාජයා චූ යුවාන්චාං朱元璋 1368–1398 හොංවූ洪武1368–1398 අධිරාජ කායිතියාන් ෂිංදාඕ චාඕජි ලිජි දාෂෙං චිෂෙන් රෙන්වෙන් යිවු ජුන්දේ චෙංගොං ගාඕ開天行道肇紀立極大聖至神仁文義武俊德成功高皇帝 තායිෂු太祖 Jianwen Emperor Zhū Yǔnwén朱允炆 1398–1402 Jiànwén建文1398–1402 Emperor Sitian Zhangdao Chengyi Yuangong Guanwen Yangwu Keren Duxiao Rang嗣天章道誠懿淵功觀文揚武克仁篤孝讓皇帝 Huizong2惠宗 Yongle Emperor Zhū Dì朱棣 1402–1424 Yǒnglè永樂1402–1424 Emperor Qitian Hongdao Gaoming Zhaoyun Shengwu Shengong Chunren Zhixiao Wen啟天弘道高明肇運聖武神功純仁至孝文皇帝 Chéngzǔ or Tàizōng成祖 / 太宗 Hongxi Emperor Zhū Gāochì朱高熾 1424–1425 Hóngxī洪熙1424–1425 Emperor Jingtian Tidao Chuncheng Zhide Hongwen Qinwu Zhangsheng Daxiao Zhao敬天體道純誠至德弘文欽武章聖達孝昭皇帝 Rénzōng仁宗 Xuande Emperor Zhū Zhānjī朱瞻基 1425–1435 Xuāndé宣德1425–1435 Emperor Xiantian Chongdao Yingming Shensheng Qintian Zhaowu Kuanren Chunxiao Zhang憲天崇道英明神聖欽天昭武寬仁純孝章皇帝 Xuānzōng宣宗 Emperor Yingzong of Ming Zhū Qízhèn朱祁鎮 1435–1449 
and

1457–1464³ Zhèngtǒng 
and

Tiānshùn正統
and

天順1435–1449
and

1457–1464 Emperor Fatian Lidao Renming Chengjing Zhaowen Xianwu Zhide Guangxiao Rui法天立道仁明誠敬昭文憲武至德廣孝睿皇帝 Yīngzōng英宗 Jingtai Emperor Zhū Qíyù朱祁鈺 1449–1457 Jǐngtài景泰1449–1457 Emperor Futian Jiandao Gongren Kangding Longwen Buwu Xiande Chongxiao Jing符天建道恭仁康定隆文布武顯德崇孝景皇帝 Dàizōng代宗 Chenghua Emperor Zhū Jiànshēn朱見深 1464–1487 Chénghuà成化1464–1487 Emperor Jitian Ningdao Chengming Renjing Chongwen Suwu Hongde Shengxiao Chun繼天凝道誠明仁敬崇文肅武宏德聖孝純皇帝 Xiànzōng憲宗 Hongzhi Emperor Zhū Yòutáng朱祐樘 1487–1505 Hóngzhì弘治1487–1505 Emperor Jiantian Mingdao Chengchun Zhongzheng Shengwen Shenwu Zhiren Dade Jing建天明道誠純中正聖文神武至仁大德敬皇帝 Xiàozōng孝宗 Zhengde Emperor Zhū Hòuzhào朱厚照 1505–1521 Zhèngdé正德1505–1521 Emperor Chengtian Dadao Yingsu Ruizhe Zhaode Xiangong Hongwen Sixiao Yi承天達道英肅睿哲昭德顯功弘文思孝毅皇帝 Wǔzōng武宗 Jiajing Emperor Zhū Hòucōng朱厚熜 1521–1566 Jiājìng嘉靖1521–1566 Emperor Qintian Lüdao Yingyi Shensheng Xuanwen Guangwu Hongren Daxiao Su欽天履道英毅神聖宣文廣武洪仁大孝肅皇帝 Shìzōng世宗 Longqing Emperor Zhū Zǎihòu朱載垕 1566–1572 Lóngqìng隆慶1566–1572 Emperor Qitian Longdao Yuanyi Kuanren Xianwen Guangwu Chunde Hongxiao Zhuang契天隆道淵懿寬仁顯文光武純德弘孝莊皇帝 Mùzōng穆宗 Wanli Emperor Zhū Yìjūn朱翊鈞 1572–1620 Wànlì萬曆1572–1620 Emperor Fantian Hedao Zhesu Dunjian Guangwen Zhangwu Anren Zhixiao Xian範天合道哲肅敦簡光文章武安仁止孝顯皇帝 Shénzōng神宗 Taichang Emperor Zhū Chángluò朱常洛 1620 Tàichāng泰昌1620 Emperor Chongtian Qidao Yingrui Gongchun Xianwen Jingwu Yuanren Yixiao Zhen崇天契道英睿恭純憲文景武淵仁懿孝貞皇帝 Guāngzōng光宗 Tianqi Emperor Zhū Yóujiào朱由校 1620–1627 Tiānqǐ天啓1620–1627 Emperor Datian Chandao Dunxiao Duyou Zhangwen Xiangwu Jingmu Zhuangqin Zhe達天闡道敦孝篤友章文襄武靖穆莊勤悊皇帝 Xīzōng熹宗 Chongzhen Emperor Zhū Yóujiǎn朱由檢 1627–1644 Chóngzhēn崇禎1627–1644 Emperor Shaotian Yidao Gangming Kejian Kuiwen Fenwu Dunren Maoxiao Lie紹天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝 Sīzōng or Yìzōng思宗 / 毅宗1 — As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Ming, to avoid confusion. For example, the Hongwu emperor is frequently referred to as Ming Taizu.

2 — The Yongle emperor assumed the throne of his nephew the Jianwen emperor, who was officially said to have died in a palace fire but who was suspected of escaping to live as a recluse. The Yongle emperor wiped out the record of his nephew's reign and no temple name was given him. In 1644 the Prince of Fu (福王), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the Southern Ming, conferred on Emperor Jianwen the temple name Huizong.

3 — After listening to the poor advice of his eunuch advisers, the Zhengtong Emperor personally led a campaign in 1449 against the Mongols and was captured. His brother the Jingtai Emperor assumed the throne and as a hostage no longer of any value, the Mongols released the Zhengtong Emperor who returned to live in seclusion. However the Zhengtong Emperor was able to regain his position, choosing the reign name Tianshun.

 Shun dynasty (順朝) (1644–1645 CE) 
The Shun dynasty was an imperial dynasty created in the brief lapse from Ming to Qing rule in China. It was a state set up by the peasants' rebellion, in which they defeated the Ming forces, but former Ming general Wu Sangui led the Qing forces into Beijing and the Qing forces defeated the rebels.
Name most commonly known by Personal name Reign years Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Alternative titleLi ZichengLi Zicheng李自成1644–1645Yongchang永昌1644–1645Chuǎng Wáng (The Dashing King)闖王

 Southern Ming (南明) (1644–1662 CE) 
The Southern Ming refers to the Ming loyalist regimes that existed in Southern China from 1644 to 1662.  The regime was established by the princes of the already destroyed Ming dynasty. All of these monarchs had their regimes crushed by the Qing forces very quickly. Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) used the Ming dynasty's name and gathered forces before fleeing to Taiwan.
 Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name (Miao Hao 廟號) Zhu Yousong Zhū Yóusōng朱由崧 1644–1645 Hóngguāng弘光1644–1645 Emperor Fengtian Zundao Kuanhe Jingmu Xiuwen Buwu Wengong Renxiao Jian奉天遵道寬和靜穆修文布武溫恭仁孝簡皇帝 Ānzōng安宗 Zhu Yujian Zhū Yùjiàn朱聿鍵 1645–1646 Lóngwǔ隆武1645–1646 Emperor Peitian Zhidao Hongyi Sumu Siwen Liewu Minren Guangxiao Xiang配天至道弘毅肅穆思文烈武敏仁廣孝襄皇帝 Shàozōng紹宗 Zhu Changfang Zhū Chángfāng朱常淓 1645 None given, but sometimes referred to as the "Regency of the Prince of Lu/Luh"(Lù Wáng Lín Guó)潞王臨國1646 Prince Min閔王 – Zhu Yihai Zhū Yǐhǎi朱以海 1645–1653 – – Zhu Yuyue Zhū Yùyuè朱聿𨮁 1646 Shàowǔ紹武1646 – – Zhu Youlang Zhū Yóuláng朱由榔 1646–1662 Yǒnglì永曆1646–1662 Emperor Yingtian Tuidao Minyi Gongjian Jingwen Weiwu Liren Kexiao Kuang應天推道敏毅恭儉經文緯武禮仁克孝匡皇帝 Zhāozōng昭宗*The two characters are homonyms, both pronounced Lu; to distinguish them, one is usually kept as Lu and the other spelled differently. Luh is from Cambridge History of China; Lou is from A.C. Moule's Rulers of China (1957). When one irregular spelling is used, the other is kept as regular (Lu). The two systems are distinct and not used simultaneously.''

 Qing dynasty (清朝) (1636–1912 CE) 

 Name by which most commonly known Personal name1 Reign  Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name2 (Shi Hao 諡號) Temple name2 (Miao Hao 廟號)Later Jin (後金) (1616–1636 CE) Nurhaci Nurhaci努爾哈赤 1616–16263 Tiānmìng天命Abkai fulingga1616–1626 Emperor Chengtian Guangyun Shengde Shengong Zhaoji Liji Renxiao Ruiwu Duanyi Qin'an Hongwen Dingye Gao承天廣運聖德神功肇紀立極仁孝睿武端毅欽安弘文定業高皇帝 Tàizǔ太祖 Huang Taiji Hong Taiji4皇太極1626–1636 Tiāncōng天聰Abkai sure1627–1636Emperor Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Rensheng Ruixiao Jingmin Zhaoding Longdao Xiangong Wen應天興國弘德彰武寬溫仁聖睿孝敬敏昭定隆道顯功文皇帝 Tàizōng太宗Qing dynasty (清朝) (1636–1912 CE) Huang Taiji Hong Taiji4皇太極 1636–1643Chóngdé崇德Wesihun erdemungge1636–1643Emperor Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Rensheng Ruixiao Jingmin Zhaoding Longdao Xiangong Wen應天興國弘德彰武寬溫仁聖睿孝敬敏昭定隆道顯功文皇帝 Tàizōng太宗Shunzhi Emperor Fúlín福臨 1643–16615 Shùnzhì順治Ijishūn dasan1643–1661 Emperor Titian Longyun Dingtong Jianji Yingrui Qinwen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝 Shìzǔ世祖 Kangxi Emperor Xuányè玄燁 1661–1722 Kāngxī康熙Elhe taifin1661–1722 Emperor Hetian Hongyun Wenwu Ruizhe Gongjian Kuanyu Xiaojing Chengxin Zhonghe Gongde Dacheng Ren合天弘運文武睿哲恭儉寬裕孝敬誠信中和功德大成仁皇帝 Shèngzǔ聖祖 Yongzheng Emperor Yìnzhēn胤禛 1722–1735 Yōngzhèng雍正Hūwaliyasun tob1722–1735 Emperor Jingtian Changyun Jianzhong Biaozheng Wenwu Yingming Kuanren Xinyi Ruisheng Daxiao Zhicheng Xian敬天昌運建中表正文武英明寬仁信毅睿聖大孝至誠憲皇帝 Shìzōng世宗 Qianlong Emperor Hónglì弘曆 1735–17966 Qiánlóng乾隆Abkai wehiyehe1735–1796 Emperor Fatian Longyun Zhicheng Xianjue Tiyuan Liji Fuwen Fenwu Qinming Xiaoci Shensheng Chun法天隆運至誠先覺體元立極敷文奮武欽明孝慈神聖純皇帝 Gāozōng高宗 Jiaqing Emperor Yóngyǎn顒琰 1796–1820 Jiāqìng嘉慶Saicungga fengšen1796–1820 Emperor Shoutian Xingyun Fuhua Suiyou Chongwen Jingwu Guangyu Xiaogong Qinjian Duanmin Yingzhe Rui受天興運敷化綏猷崇文經武光裕孝恭勤儉端敏英哲睿皇帝 Rénzōng仁宗 Daoguang Emperor Mínníng旻寧 1820–1850 Dàoguāng道光Doro eldengge1820–1850 Emperor Xiaotian Fuyun Lizhong Tizheng Zhiwen Shengwu Zhiyong Renci Jianqin Xiaomin Kuanding Cheng效天符運立中體正至文聖武智勇仁慈儉勤孝敏寬定成皇帝 Xuānzōng宣宗 Xianfeng Emperor Yìzhǔ奕詝 1850–1861 Xiánfēng咸豐Gubci elgiyengg1850–1861 Emperor Xietian Yiyun Zhizhong Chuimo Maode Zhenwu Shengxiao Yuangong Duanren Kuanmin Zhuangjian Xian協天翊運執中垂謨懋德振武聖孝淵恭端仁寬敏莊儉顯皇帝 Wénzōng文宗 Tongzhi Emperor Zǎichún載淳 1861–18757 Tóngzhì同治Yooningga dasan1861–1875 Emperor Jitian Kaiyun Shouzhong Juzheng Baoda Dinggong Shengzhi Chengxiao Xinmin Gongkuan Mingsu Yi繼天開運受中居正保大定功聖智誠孝信敏恭寬明肅毅皇帝 Mùzōng穆宗 Guangxu Emperor Zǎitián載湉 1875–19087 Guāngxù光緒Badarangga doro1875–1908 Emperor Tongtian Chongyun Dahong Zhizheng Jingwen Weiwu Renxiao Ruizhi Duanjian Kuanqin Jing同天崇運大中至正經文緯武仁孝睿智端儉寬勤景皇帝 Dézōng德宗 Xuantong Emperor Pǔyí(also known as Henry)溥儀 1908–191210 Xuāntǒng宣統Gehungge yoso1908–1912 Emperor Peitian Tongyun Fagu Shaotong Cuiwen Jingfu Kuanrui Zhengmu Tiren Lixiao Min8, 9配天同運法古紹統粹文敬孚寬睿正穆體仁立孝愍皇帝8, 9 Gōngzōng9恭宗91 — The Qing imperial family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 aixin jueluo), but it was not common Manchu practice to include the family or clan name in an individual's personal name.

2 — As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Qing, to avoid confusion. For example, the Qianlong emperor is frequently referred to as Qing Gaozong.

3 — Nurhaci founded the Jin (金) or Later Jin (後金) dynasty in 1616, but it was his son Hong Taiji who changed the name of the dynasty to Qing in 1636. Nurhaci adopted the reign name Tianming but his Qing titles were all conferred posthumously.

4 — Hong Taiji is referred to erroneously in some historical literature as Abahai (阿巴海).

5  — The Shunzhi emperor was the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper following the occupation of Beijing in 1644.

6  — The Qianlong emperor officially retired in 1796, taking the title Emperor Emeritus (太上皇帝). This was an act of filial piety to ensure that he would not reign longer than his illustrious grandfather, the Kangxi emperor. However, he remained the ultimate authority until his death in 1799, at which point his son, the Jiaqing emperor, began to exercise the power that had been his in name only from 1796.

7 — The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine of the Xianfeng emperor, mother of the Tongzhi emperor, and adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor, used her considerable skills of political manipulation to act as the power behind the throne or on the throne from 1861 until her death in 1908. She acted as a regent during the minorities of the two young emperors and confined the Guangxu emperor in the Summer Palace after he attempted to introduce reforms in 1898. The death of the Guangxu emperor was announced the day before her own.

8  — Xundi ("The Abdicated Emperor") is the common name by which mainland China and Taiwan's history books refer to Puyi.

9 — In 2004 the descendants of the Qing imperial family have conferred a posthumous name and temple name upon the late Puyi. Posthumous name: Emperor Min (愍帝). Temple name: Gongzong (恭宗). Both titles are not commonly used in academia to refer to this sovereign.

10 — The Xinhai Revolution started on October 10, 1911. The last emperor, Puyi, abdicated officially on February 12, 1912. The Qing dynasty was overthrown with his abdication on that day. However, that same day the Chinese Republic granted the "Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Emperor of the Great Qing after his Abdication" (清帝退位優待條件) which allowed Puyi to retain his imperial title and stated that he should be treated by the government of the Republic of China with the protocol attached to a foreign monarch. These articles were revised on November 5, 1924, after the coup by General Feng Yuxiang: the revised articles stated that Puyi was losing his imperial title and henceforth becoming a regular citizen of the Republic. Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City that same day. Thus, Puyi was ruling emperor until February 12, 1912 (and also briefly between July 1 and July 12, 1917 in the Manchu Restoration), and non-ruling emperor between February 12, 1912 and November 5, 1924. Puyi also later became the puppet leader of Japanese-controlled Manchukuo under the reign name Datong (大同) (1932–1934), then the puppet emperor of Manchukuo under the reign name Kangde (康德) (1934–1945).

 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國) (1851–1864 CE) 

 Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era name (Nian Hao 年號) Hong Xiuquan Hong Xiuquan洪秀全 11 January 1851 – 1 June 1864 Taiping Tianguo 太平天國 Hong Tianguifu Hong Tianguifu洪天貴福 6 June 1864 – 18 November 1864

 Empire of China (中華帝國) (1915–1916 CE) 

A short-lived attempt by statesman and general Yuan Shikai who attempted to establish himself as emperor in 1915, but his rule was universally accepted as inauthentic. After 83 days, his reign ended.

 Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Era name (Nian Hao 年號) Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai袁世凱 22 December 1915 – 22 March 1916 Hóngxiàn洪憲

 See also 
 List of posthumously honored Chinese monarchs
 Dynasties in Chinese history
 Timeline of Chinese history
 Monarchy of China
 List of Chinese leaders
 List of Presidents of the Republic of China
 Leader of the Communist Party of China
 Paramount leader, an informal list of those who have been considered the highest leader of the party and the People's Republic of China
 List of rulers of Tibet
 List of emperors of Tibet
 List of rulers of Taiwan

 ආශ්‍රේයයන් 

බාහිර සබැඳි

 List of Chinese rulers


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