Talmuqddimt n u Xldun

Talmuqddimt n u Xldun (s Tclḥit: Tamssmnidt), lli ittyawssann ula s "Prolegomena" n Ibn Xaldun, tga yan udlis lli yura umassan n umzruy Ɛbd Ṛṛḥman u Xldun ɣ 1377, ar gis issmnid tannayt nns f umzruy uɣrid. Kra n imswingimn itrarn ar t ẓṛṛan is iga adlis amzwaru lli isawln f tawssniwin n wamun, zun d tadimuɣrafit, d umzruy adlsan.

Ar daɣ tsawal "talmquddimt" ula f tasnakuct (théologie) d tasnmzruyt (historiographie) d taflsaft n umzruy d tdamsa d tmẓṛit tasrtant, d tsnwnnaḍt (écologie). Tettyawglam daɣ is d ɣiklli n yan umssntay n "tdarwinit tanamunt" d "tdarwinit" s umata ad tga.

Yura Ibn Xaldun adlis ad ɣ 1377 bac ad ig tizwiri n udlis amzwaru n usnfar nns f umzruy n umaḍal "Kitab al-Ɛibar" (Adlis n Tɣuri), da ismunn ism unṣib: "Kitābu l-ʻibari wa Dīwāni l-Mubtada' wal-Ḥabar fī ayāmi l-ʻarab wal-ʿajam wal-barbar..." (Adlis n Tɣuri, d Uskn n Tzwura d Inɣmisn ɣ wussan n Isrɣinn d Imaziɣn d ignawn...). Macc ɣ tudrt nns yad nit, yaḍu d udlis ad ar fllas ittyawnna is iga yan udlis illan d ixf nns.

 Tasnamunt 
Armmus n "ssiɛr" (s tɛrabt: "العصبية", niɣ d ɣ uzmz ad: "tanawsit", "amulli",  niɣ d s mad igan atrar "tanamurt", "assyafa n tgrumma" ) tga yat sɣ tiwila lli bahra nṣḍnin ɣ udlis n "talmuqqdimt". Kra s ar ittidrus ssiɛr ad dar kra n uɣrf kra s ar iffal adɣar nns i yan uɣrf dar ssiɛr yaḍni uggar nns; S ɣikad, ar d nkkrnt tɣrmiwin d ar daɣ ṭṭarnt, ar igllm amzruy f tiwrarrayin ad n ssiɛr ɣmklli s ar zraynt.

Ar ittini u Xaldun is d kraygat tagldit (niɣ d awank) illa ɣ ugns nns wamud n taksart nns. Ar issfru mas d tawjiwin lli ttnbaḍnin ar d nkkrnt sɣ iriwn n tmnukdiwin mqqurnin, ar ttnawalnt tamunt da illan ɣ idɣarn ann afad ad skrnt asnfl ɣ tnbaḍt. Ukan lliɣ ar ssntayn imnbaḍn imaynutn ɣ wammas n tmnukda nnsn, ar ittisliw ssiɛr nnsn, imlkuka, awin tt uggar ɣ tɣarast n tudrt nnsn d manmk s rad fllas ɣaman. Ɣikad a s ar tettafa yat tawja yaḍniin ad d tnkr ɣ ir n tgldit nnsn, tssnfl udm n tnbaḍt, tssnti daɣ yat twala tamaynut.

 Tadamsa 
U Xldun yura f tmẓṛit n tdamsa d tsrtit ɣ udlis nns talmuqqdimt (tamssmnidt), isbidd tiwngimin nns f "ssiɛr" d tibḍit n takrrayt. Ar ittini mas kra s iga wamun , ar tettmuttul tbḍit n twuri, issidus mayad tadamsa nns:Iɣ idda wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn ad ittawn, ar d dids ttawnn ifassn n itrrasn da ujadnin. Ɣ tsga yaḍnin, ar d ilmma tettawn taggrgist s unck n tbaɣurt lli d ittawnn,   Ilbaḍ d usɣawsa n  tbaɣurt ar d ttawnn dɣ nttni. Timskarin ar ttilint afad ad d ttyawayn iyafutn n tbaɣurt. Ar daɣ ittzayad watig nnsnt, ayad ar isbuɣlu tabaɣurt ɣ tɣrmt. Ar ittzayad s tbaɣurt  uggar n ma izrin. Mkad ad tga tawwant ɣ twala tis snat d tis kṛaḍt. Itrrasn akkʷ lli ttayafasnin, ar snirin i tbaɣurt d taggrgist, ɣ mnid n itrrasn imzwara lli isnirin  assarn n tudrt hlli. 

 F uqaṛiḍ: 
Igra (u Xldun) is gan iqaṛiḍn asɣal n watig, d yan unammas n umyafka, d yan umgawz n watig, macc ur ifrik is ar ittnfal watig n wurɣ d uẓṛf s unck n udwas n tanilt d tutra. Isrs daɣ u Xaldun timẓṛit n watig n tatrrast. Iglm tatrrast is tga aɣbalu n watig, d iqqann i kra igan uṭuf d usgudi n umdgar uqṛiḍ, ayad infalal bahra ɣ waddad n tmskart. Inna is d mqqar d ikka uṭuf kra n tɣawsa yaḍnin bla tamskart, atig n tbaɣurt ann d igguran d umdgar uqṛiḍ iqqan d ad gisn yili watig n tatrrast lli s illa uṭuf. Bla tatrrast, ur rad nit ittɣi.

 Ẓṛ uggar 

 U Xldun.

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