Jak Bini

Jak bini (s tfṛaṣiṣt: Jacques Bénet) nɣ s ism nns uɣzif Jak Maɣi Lwis bini iga argaz n tsrtit d unzbay afṛanṣiṣ, ikka tugtt n tsrutin timssugurin yattuyn ɣ Fṛanṣa, ig ula zɣ tmagrawt n iḍaṛn isggʷann (ifṛanṣiṣn nɣ iṛumin nn iluln ɣ Ddzayr). Ilul ɣ 8 yulyuz 1915 ɣ tgrawt tafṛanṣiṣt Blanfil Kxufu ɣ tmnaḍt n Nuṛmandi, agafay utrim n Fṛanṣa, immt ɣ usggʷas n 2009 ɣ wass n 23 abril ɣ San Muɣ di Fisi ɣ Fṛanṣa.

Jak Bini iga iwis n ufllaḥ d umssaɣ n tifst Hinri Bini. Iɣra ɣ tmdint n Ɣwun aylliɣ yumẓ abakaluṛya nns ɣ usggʷas n 1933, ilmma iftu s Bariz afad ad nn ɣinn ismd tiɣri nns tasdawant. Ɣ tnṛẓmin, ar ifttu s tmizar Tijirmaniyin zun d Nnmsa, Hangarya d Tcikuslufakya acku ar ittiri tadlsa d umaḍal Ajirman, yiri ad isfalki tutlayt nns talimant. Ikcm s Tigmmi tamasiḥit n ibabn maɣist, ar ittiri s tugtt tiwuriwin tinamunin d tnfganin aya ad t yuddjan ad ikcm s imussutn iswurayn ɣ yigr n twisi tanamunt d tnfgant, ittuyssan Jak Bini s twisi n mddn nna illan ɣ waddad anamun icqqan, ar ittaws s tntla.

 Asgd 

 Tiɣri 
Yumẓ turagt ɣ izrf ɣ usggʷas n 1936, ɣ usggʷas n 1935 ikcm s Tinml Tanamurt n Tnttamin yamẓ gis turagt ɣ usggʷas n 1938. Ɣ usggʷas n 1939 ikcm s twuri tasdrast ɣ Tinml Tamẓlayt Tasdrast n Sant Miksun.

 Imnɣi amaḍlan wis sin 
Ɣ tgira n usggʷas n 1939 inkr imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis sin idru gis ar usggʷas n 1940 nna ɣ iffuɣ ikcm s uɣzu ɣ tsga n tmdint n Nansi ɣ 17 yunyu 1940, ɣ 11 innayr, 1941 irwl zɣ ulaway n iḥbbasn nna t yuwin s Waliman, ixdm ɣ Tnafut n Ussntm n Tsqqimt n Usnmala Azzulan n Tuṣka d Twuri Tamatayt ismd nit tiɣri nns ɣ Tinml Tamaynut n Usnmala Adamsan d Unamun, yamẓ sgis turagt ɣ usggʷas ann nit.

 Amussu anamur n imɣzutn n imnɣi d imzwagn 
S twisi n tutlayt talimant da mi issn, yumẓ tawuri n usuɣl n tnɣmast tadamsant talimant ɣ usggʷas n 1942. Ɣ usggʷas n 1943 imnaggar Jak Bini d Frunswa Mitirand ṣkun ɣ iffus n Fṛanṣa amussu anamur n imɣzutn n imnɣi d imzwagn ig nit anssixf nns ingr isggʷasn n 1943 d 1944.

 Amuddu s Ddzayr 
Ɣ usggʷas n 1944 ittyazan  Jak Bini s Ddzayr ɣ tnbaḍt n Hinri Frinay, afad ad ilkm Ddzayr ikka Ṣbanya izzri gis sin yirn ɣ uɣzu n Fṛanku. Ɣ uzmz ann nit a ɣ d ilkm s dar Caṛl Du Gul afad ad idru ɣ imnɣi amaḍlan wis sin zɣ tsga n tmizar n taḍa, ig t Caṛl Du Gul d anssixf n tsqqimt tanamurt n tnzbayt.

 Tawuri ɣ tmssugurt tafṛanṣiṣt 
Ḍaṛt tsnimant d tbdda n imnɣi amaḍlan wis sin, ikcm  Jak Bini s tmssugurt n uwank afṛanṣiṣ ar tgira n usggʷas n 1948, iswuri gis xf iskkinn ingr Fṛanṣa d umaḍal aliman. zɣ 1949 ar 1958 iga anssixf n tzuni n tutlayt tahangaṛit ɣ tnafut n uṛadyu-atilifizyun afṛanṣiṣ. ɣ 1958 iga amssugur uɣrim ɣ tnafut tatiqnit n uṛadyu-atilifizyun afṛanṣiṣ, mk yumẓ tiwuriwin yaḍnin ɣ uzmz aɣ nit zun tamssugurt n umyawas ingr Fṛanṣa d tmizar n tmmazɣa (nɣ Lmɣrib amqqran) d tmizar n tfriqt tamslfṛanṣiṣt.

 Itihal 
Itahl Jak Bini ɣ usggʷas n 1944 s Simun Birban nna igan tamddakkʷlt nns ɣ tinml n tnttamin, yuru dids sin tarwa. tmmut as tmɣart ɣ usggʷas n 1949 s tmaḍunt nna gis ikkan tugtt, sin wayyurn ḍaṛt tmmt ula yillis tamqqrant Kristin, timttanin ad inmalan ṛṛẓant iman n  Jak Bini aylli t isskcmn ɣ tmaḍunt tanimant ula ntta.

 Almmud n tutlayt tamaziɣt 
Ḍaṛt tmttant n tmɣart nns d yillis tamqqrant Kristin, ikcm Jak Bini ɣ yan ifri n urfufn animan, afad ad sgis iffɣ, iɣts ad ilmd tutlayt tamaziɣt d uslmad amqqran n tutlayt tamaziɣt Andri Basi ɣ tinml tanamurt n tutlayin tutrimin zɣ usggʷas n 1951 ar usggʷas n 1952 (sin isggʷasn). Almmud n tutlayt tamaziɣt iqqn t s Ddzayr yasi anzgum n umzaɣ f tsnimant n Ddzayr d uɣrf aqbayli ar ussan nns imggura ɣ tudrt nns, mklli idra ula ɣ tuṣka n Tkadimit Tamaziɣt.

 Amzaɣ f Ddzayr 
Ḍaṛt tmttant n simun birban tamɣart n Jak Bini ɣ usggʷas n 1944, ifka Jak Bini tarwa nns s sin i gʷmas n tmɣart nns n Ddzayr afad a dids nn zdɣn. Izdi Jak Bini s Ddzayr s tugtt aya a t yuddjan ad issmrs imyassatn nna as d ifl imnɣi amaḍlan ɣ umzaɣ f ddzayr slawant akkʷ tiddukla nns d Fxunswa Mitirand nna issmrs afad ad d irar Arcifn nna tuwi Fṛanṣa s dars, s twisi nns trur d Ddzayr Arcif n Tmssugurt d Usdurri n Fṛanṣa i Ddzayr.

 Amuddu s Fyitnam 
Ɣ usggʷas n 1954, imnaggar Jak Bini d Ngu Dinh Bhu amddakkʷl nns ɣ tinml tanamurt n tnttamin nna igan gʷmas d unssfaw amzwaru n unssixf Ngu Dinh Dyim n tgduda n Fyitnam n yiffus. Ɣ usggʷas n 1956, iɣra i jak bini s Fyitnam, iftu s tamdint n Saygun. Ɣ Fyitnam, yurm Jak Bini s war tayafut ad iṣku imyassatn idiblumasin ifulkin ingr tnbaḍt n Fṛanṣa d tnbaḍt n Fyitnam n yiffus. Ḍaṛt n usgʷdm d tnɣi n unssixf Dyim d gʷmas, yumẓ ɣ tgmmi nns sin tarwa n Nhu ilmma ikcm d s tmazirt nns Fṛanṣa.

 Tanaft 

 Ẓṛ uggar 

 Takadimit tamaziɣt
 Mḥnnd aɛṛab basɛud
 Andɣi bassi
 Asdurri afṛanṣiṣ i Ddzayr
 Ddzayr

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