Tcarlz Darwin

Carlz Darwin nɣ Tcarlz Rubirt Darwin (Charles Robert Darwin, 12 bṛayr 1809 – 19 ibrir 1882) iga wiss sin n tarwa n umsasfar Rubirt Darwin (1766-1848), d ayyaw n Irasmus Darwin (1731-1802), amdyaz d umjjay d umssan n tmust. 

 Tudrt nns 
Tcarlz dars 8 isggʷasn alliɣ tmmut ymmas, Suzana (1765-1817). Tcarlz Darwin issnti tiɣri nns n tmsasfart ɣ tsdawt n Idinburg, imik ifl tt iḍfur tusna n usgd ɣ Kambridg. Maca aylli yiwin anli nns iga t umzruy n tmust. Ɣ dujanbir 1831, Carlz Darwin yaẓ nn s 23 n isggʷasn, mad yad iga amssan n tmust, iffaɣ ɣ yan ummuddu mqqurn issutl d i umaḍal ɣ yan uɣrrabu mqqurn ittussan s Bigl. Aslmad nns Jun Hinsluw (1795-1861) ad t ismunn d ukbitan Rubirt Fitzruy (1805-1865). Tcarlz Darwin ɣ uzmz ann iɣra bahra tamust ilint dars tugt n turmitin. Smmus isggʷasn n umuddu, iffaɣ gisn tcarlz s tugt n tannayyin ɣ tjylujit, ismun gis anawn n imudar d ifusiln. Ismun tugt n wanawn kraygat yan d ma ad t izdin d wiyyaḍ s yat tɣarast tamassant. Tg tifi nns tamaynut dar mddn n tusna. Tifrkiwin n tudrt nns munent f yat tyafut: amuddu nns lli ɣ d issutl i umaḍal, abddad nns ɣ tgzirin n Galabagus (zɣ 15 cutanbir ar 20 ktubr 1835) iga azmz anbdad ɣ tudrt nns. Tigzirin ann n Basifik nna yagan 1000 n km d iftasn n tmrikt n unẓul yufa nn gisnt aylli nn ur itam, kra n wanawn ikkan tasutin f tasutin. Maca aylli bahra yiwin tiṭṭ nns igat lliɣ ur irwas yan wanaw gʷmas ngr tgzirt d tayyaḍ. Dar ifkriwn (ibutgratn), tadawt illa ma ɣ tqqur, illa ma ɣ tbzg ɣ tama n umggrḍ. dar kra n waylaln, iggut ma ɣ ngaran, iɣnbab nnsn naḥyatn zɣ tgzirt ar tayyaḍ. Lliɣ yurri s Nngliz, amassan, immaɣ ad isgadda iswingimn nns. Kraygat yat ɣ tannayin nns ar t tglly s yat tswingmt : anawn akkʷ n imudar ar hlli ttnifiln imik s imik, tafrka s tfrka. 

Ɣ umnad nns aylli d yiwin asnifl ad igat izdayn illan ɣ tmust ngr wanawn, mamnk s ar ittmuttuy yan wanaw s wayyaḍ ig yan yaḍnin. Awal n uflla, anawn ar ka ttnifiln, acku imrasn ɣ d nttnin ar tnifiln, tawila lli zziḍrn i izmaz imaynutn ka d itɣaman, mayan a f ar d bdda ttgurun wanawn yaḍnin afuḍn wiyyaḍ. Maca taswingmt isugrn dar Darwin tgat mas ifls mas d anawn akkʷ darsn yan usala, d kra igat yan gitsn iffaɣ d zɣ wayyaḍ. Ɣ wuggar n 20 n usggʷas a ɣ iḍfar Darwin ar ismun igzman n tswingt nns, ur d issufɣ kra n udlis acku ifrk is rad fllas yigut waqqur, d rad igutn isyafatn hrcnin f tswingt nns. Ɣ usggʷas 1858, yan uɛrrim amassan n tmust, Alfrid Walaṣ (1823-1913), yuzn i darwin yan uḍris mẓẓiyn yaẓn i iswingimn nns f usnifl n wnanwn. Darwin ibhḍ, ar ismkilil iswingimn nns ar alliɣ tn zrin wiyyaḍ. Ig ira ad ig amzwaru s man anaw ann ɣ iswingimn illa fllas ad fllasn issufɣ kra n udlis ɣ mad d yaẓn. Ɣ 24 nwanbir 1859, "The Origin of specis" (asala n wanaw) yugga d sul, tunɣilin nna tẓrigt tamzwarut nzant akkʷ ɣ wass amzwaru, mqqar ggutn willi iran ad t irẓ. Iswingimn n darwin f usnif sbzzizn ixfawn nnsn. Taswingt mas nssar yan uẓur d ibuɣas mqqurnin tlluzza bahra mad iffaɣ usala n wanawn. Zɣ wass ann taswingmt n usnifl n wanaw n ufgan ad izziwizn anliwn. Mamnk as nga aylli nga, ɣassad ? Carlz Darwin, tis snat tikkal ar ismingim afad ad iluḥ iswingimn nns. Ɣ tgira, "The Descent of man" (asala n ufgan) yugga d ɣ usggas 1871. Ar nn gis nttafa s yat tɣarast ifrurin tifrkiwin mqqurnin lli fkanin afgan n wass ad lli ittissan s “humu sabins”. Imk lli s ittimɣur ixf d unli, imk lli s a ittaɣd iẓḍi d tawada igaddan s sin iḍarn gan dars imrnutn unṣibn.

 Tisaɣulin