Rumanya

Ṛumanya (s ) d yat tmurt illan dg  d . tlla g ugafa n , ɣf ugzzum izdrn n . ssutln  i utaram n ṛumanya. tla ṛumanya yan uwttu ɣf . amata n udilta n danub illa dg ugnsu n ṛumanya. tssar ṛumanya iwutta akd hungarya d ṣirbya g utaram, akd ukranya g ugafa agmuḍan yaggugn, akd tgduda n muldufa g ugafa agmuḍan yakmurn, akd blɣarya g unẓul.

iga ungraw n ṛumanya  . ittusnulfa ungraw ad lliɣ tmun muldufya d wallakya g 1859. tettufka as tsimant ɣ . g tgira n umnɣi amaḍlan wis sin, ikka kra sg wakal nns (tama n muldufa tatrart) illa ddaw usdurri n wamun asufyit. tumẓ ṛumanya tasimant nns, tddrfi zg ungraw anjmaw, ḍaṛat n tḍuri n walfaf n wuzzal g 1989. g tmrawt tamzwarut n tasut tis 21, tsnfl ṛumanya mnnawt tɣawsiwin, am usnm n ungraw adimuqraṭ, azzray ilugnn n izrafn n ufgan, d ilugnn n tlelli n wawal, d isnmn idmsann d win uzrf. ayad akkʷ ad yujjan ṛumanya ad tkcm ɣr wamun awṛubban ɣ 1 yanayr, 2007.

tga ṛumanya tis tẓat s tjumma n wakal, d tis sat s umḍan n imzdaɣn nns (s 19 id mlyun) gr iwunak igmamn n wamun awṛubban. tamdint n buxarist (s ) ad igan tamaẓunt d tmdint akkʷ mqqurn g ṛumanya, ilkm umḍan n imzdaɣn nns 1.6 id mlyun. tudf ṛumanya ɣr nnaṭu dg 29 mars, 2004.

Anaɣiz
tusa d tguri n ṛumanya zɣ tguri taṛumanit Român nna d ikkan s yixf nns taguri talatint Romanus nna isnamkn "aṛuman".

Amzruy

Tajyuɣraft
tlla ṛumanya g tuṛubbt tanẓulant tagmuḍant, tili iwutta akd yill abrkan, d wasif n danub, ilin idrarn ukarbat g tuẓẓunt.
tga ṛumanya tamurt tamqqrant akkʷ gr tmura n unzul agmuḍan n tuṛubt s umḍan n imzdaɣn. tla tajmmua yuwḍn 238,391 km², tg tis 12 g tjumma g tuṛubt. amata n uwttu gr ṛumanya akd siṛbya d bulɣarya iṛcm t wasif n danub. asif n danub ar ittmun d wasif n n frut, lli iṛcm dɣ nttan awttu gr muldufa d ṛumanya. inngi wasif n danub ar tsga n yill abrkan g ugns n ṛumanya, aya ad iskrn aylli mi ttinin adilta n danub. iga udlita ad yan yigmi n ubayusfir, ig ansa amaḍlan n umyanaw abyuluji. llan kra n isaffn mqqurnin yaḍnin g ṛumanya, ad tn igan d sirit, ult d muric. da ittazzal wasif n sirit sg ugafa ar anẓul n muldufa. da ittazzal wasif n ult zg idrarn ikarbatn ar uultinya. asif n murc ar ittazzal, izri, g transylfinya zg ugmmuḍ ar ataram.

Angigt
da ittnfal ungigt n ṛumanya gr ungigt ildudin d ungigt amnẓaw. tamntilt n infaln ad n ungigt iga t wansa n ṛumanya g tama n yill. anammas n trɣi g usggʷas iga t 11°C g unẓul n ṛumanya d 8°C g ugafa nns.

kigan n unẓaṛ d udfl ad d iṭṭaṛn ɣf yidrarn utrimn akkʷ attuynin, ig umata aylli d iṭṭaṛn adfl. g igzzumn inẓulann n tmurt, da tettizdir tsmkta n unẓaṛ d udfl ar attayn n 60 cm.

tiriɣi akkʷ izdrn nna ittuzmman g umzruy n ṛumanya tga tt 38.5°C dg bracuf g 1944. tirɣi akkʷ yattuyn nna ittuzmman g umzruy nns tga tt 44.5°C g tama n kalafat g tmrawt n 1950.

Amun
 timnaḍin 
tid ayd igan timnaḍin n tgmi n ṛumanya:
 agafa anẓulan
 ataram
 agafa utrim
 ammas
 anẓul agmuḍan
 anẓul
 buxarist-ilfub
 anẓul utrim

 Imzdaɣn 

+anaɣiz ittuḍkaḍn n imzdaɣn n ṛumanya, asggwas n 2011 anaɣizimzdaɣntigmiḍ iṛumaniyn 16,463,000 82% imajariyn 2,500,000 12.45% ijiṭann 620,000 3% iwkṛann 300,000 1.5%"The Ukrainians: Engaging the 'Eastern Diaspora'". By Andrew Wilson. (1999). In Charles King, Neil Melvin (Eds.) Nations Abroad. Wesview Press, pp. 103-132.  ilimann 135,000 0.6%Archived wiyyaḍ (irusiyyn, ibulandiyn, islufakn, ikrwatn, atg.) 50,000 0.2% tamuttrt n imzdaɣn 20,068,000 100%

+ asrtu ittuḍkaḍn n imzdaɣn n ṛumanya, asggʷas n 2011 asrtu (Genre)tamuttrttigmiḍi irgazn 49.28% timṭṭutin 50.72% tamuttrt n imzdaɣn, asggʷas n 2011 100%

 tutlayt d tdlsa 
taṛumanit ad igan tutlayt tamaddudt n ṛumanya. tga tutlayt ad yat tutlayt taṛumansit tagmuḍant.

Tṭṭaf ṛumanya tadlsa nns s tmntilt n udɣar g d tusa nna g ttmniggirnt kṛaḍt tmnaḍin: tuṛubt tanammast, tuṛubt tagmuḍant d ibalqann. tga tdlsa taṛumanit yan urkis n kṛaḍt ad. izri f tdlsa nns iḍiṣ n ,  d .. ittussan unwal aṛumani s tiram tiblday zun d , lli igan yan wanaw n  ittuskarn s uggʷrn n usngar, d , lli igan yan wanaw n ṣṣuṣis, d  d  lli igan yan anaw n twjjiwin n uksum. aksum n yilf d ufunas ad igan anawn n uksum bahra ittutcan g tmurt, ig  tamssuyt n walkul bahra ittuswan. tga ṛumanya yut tmurt tamasiḥit turtuduksit irṭṭln tigga tutrimin zun d akrismas d ufaska, ilint dars tigga nns sis iẓlin zun d ass n tmuni amqqran nna isfuglun s tamunt n ṛumanya d transilfanya. yili daɣ  da igan ijj n ukustim abldi nna lssan mddn g wass n tmuni amqqran 
d wass n tmuni amẓyan (tigga g sfuglun mddn s tamuni n wallakya d muldufya).

 Asgd 
Iga uwank aṛumani yan uwank alayki, isnamk maya is ur ili uwank kra n asgd n uwank. taglizt turtuduksit ad igan tarabbut tasgdant tamqqrant akkʷ g ṛumanya s 86,7% n imzdaɣn, tiḍfuṛ tt taktulikit taṛumant s 4.7%, tabrutistant s 3.7%, tasmmusant s 1.5, aykuzn (lislam) s 1%, fadd ilmma takatulikit tayunant taṛumanit s 0.9%.

 Timdinin 
buxarist ad igan tamaẓunt, tg tamdint tamqqrant akkʷ g ṛumanya s umḍan n imzdaɣn izrin 2 id mlyun."Preliminary Data for 2011 census" (PDF) (in Romanian). INSSE. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2012.

llant g ṛumanya smmust tmdinin yaḍnin nna mi izri umḍan n imzdaɣn 300,000. ad tnt igan d yaci, kluj-nafuka, timicwara, kunstata d krayufa. ilint daɣ smmust tmdinin yaḍn nna ɣ izdɣ uggar n 200,000: galati, brasuf, bluycti, brayli d uradya. kṛaḍ d mrawt tmdinin yaḍn lant uggar n 100,000 n umzdaɣ.

 Tadamsa 
tkcm ṛumanya s wamun n tṛubt g 1 innayr, 2007. g 2024, ilkm uyafu amsari n ugʷns (PIB) n ṛumanya attayn n 894 mlyar, ilkm umur n wuggid zɣ uyafu amsari n ugʷns $47,203. s inawayn n ubank n umaḍal, tga ṛumanya yat tmazirt mmu tsidaf attuynin. gr 2007 d 2022, irna umur n wuggid zɣ uyafu amsari n ugʷns s 44%, aya yujja ṛumanya ad tg yat zg tdamsiwin nna ittgmayn s tazzla g tuṛubt.

 Tamallayt 
tga ṛumanya yan tmurt s bahra ttddun imlallayn. uggar n 15,7 id mlyun imlallayn igʷnsann d ibṛṛann ad gis illan g 2018.

ittut bahra yigr ad n tmallayt s tmntilt n kufid-19 g 2020, tḍṛ tgmiḍi n imlallayn ibṛṛann s 68.7% g 2020, ur issnti yigr ar ittjji ar tuddma n 2022.

tla ṛumanya timdinin iṭṭafn ayda adlsan axatar (, , , , , , , , ), iftasn, isrars tama n yill, isrars n sski d tsgiwin tifaranin mi ittyari ufulki d tzgut nnsnt. tg daɣ ṛumanya tanila n iḥjjajn isgdann, ar lkmmn wid mnnaw wafḍan ku asggʷas.

 Asgmi 
g ṛumanya, mraw isggʷasn g tinml gan ucciln i ku azzan. ɣiyn wazzan mẓẓiynin ad ɣrin kra n isggʷasn n rrawḍ gr 3 d 6 isggʷasn. ḍaṛat n tinml, zmrn inlmadn, mk stin, ad zzrin irim n tinml yattuyn. llant g ṛumanya uggar n 40 tinml n usgmi yattuyn, gitsnt smust tsdawiyin d smmust tsdawiyin titiqniyin. tiɣri tga fabur g tmurt. tidrsiwin n tmurt ẓḍarn ad aqqrant s tutlayin nnsnt taymmatin. zɣ 1989, ittusnm ungraw n usgmi, maccan iẓḍay uzzugz n tsrtitin ɣf wakal, ilin imzarayn mqqurnin g uswir n usgmi g tmnaḍin n tmurt. da nn nttafa taɣara n usgmi g idɣarn iɣrmann attuyn f igdazaln nnsn g idɣarn ifarann.

 Tanbaḍt 
 tasrtit 
ittuṣka udustur n ṛumanya ɣf tsila n udustur n tgduda tis smmust n fṛanṣa, iffɣ d am uzrf g wass n 8 dujanbir, 1991 ḍaṛat n yat tsfrut. tturnan 73 isnamn i udustur g ktubr n 2003 ḥma ad yili g umsasa d udustur n tamunt n tuṛubt.

tettussan tnbaḍt tuzrift taṛumanit s yism n ubṛlaman. llan gis sin isqqimn, win imɣarn g llan 140 igmamn, d win imaran g llan 346 igmamn. ar ttwstayn igmamn n isqqimn ad s sin kraygat kkuẓ isggʷasn s yimis n tglamin n imullitn.

tẓli tnbaḍt tazrfant n ṛumanya xf tnbaḍin yaḍnin. tasnbḍayt yattuyn n tṛẓi d tzraft lli igan tasnbḍayt tanafllat n ṛumanya. tisnbḍayin n walas, tin  d tsnbḍayin tidɣranin amunt akkʷ g tnbaḍt tuzrift n tnbaḍt taṛumanit. iḍfar ungraw n tsnbḍayin g ṛumanya taɣarast n tin fṛanṣa g uswuri nns.

 Tiṭṭitin 
tbḍa ṛumanya ɣf 41 tikumtiyin, tamu gitsnt tgrawt taɣrmant n buxarist lli daɣ igan takumtit s yixf nns. tbḍu daɣ ṛumanya xf 319 tmdinin d 2,686 tgrawin. ku yat sg tgrawin illa ɣurs usqqim nna ɣf ibdd yan unssixf.

 Tasrdast 
tbḍa tsrdast taṛumanit xf kṛaḍ igzman, taggalin n wakal, tin waḍu d tin yill, kullu tnt llant ddu tnara n yan unbbaḍ yattuyn. tamawast n umzaɣ da takka anaḍn i unbbaḍ yattuyn. g uzmz n umnɣi, anssixf n uwank ad ittilin tanara n tsrdast. 90,000 ad tt inn ikkan g tsrdast taṛumanit g 2003: 15,000 gan uɣrimn d 75,000 n iɛskriyn. zg 75,000 n iɛskriyn, 45,800 llan g taggalin n wakal, 13,250 g tin waḍu, lin 6,800 g taggalin n yill, d 8,800 g idɣarn yaḍn g tsrdast.

 Tinẓi 

 Tisaɣulin 

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