Tutlayin timaziɣin

Tutlayin timaziɣin  (s tfinaɣ tatrart: ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, s tifinaɣ n imuhaɣ: ⵜⵎⵣⵗⵜ ar tettyunṭaq: [tæmæˈzɪɣt]) gant yat trabbut zɣ tawja n tutlayin tifryuasiyin, tutlayin ad zdint d ingratsnt ar sisnt sawaln iɣrfan imaziɣn ɣ tmizar n tmazɣa d tfriqt n ugafa s umata. Tutlayin ad myarnt yadlli ad ttyurant s yan ugmmay ism as Libik-birbir, lli nssn ɣassad s yism n tifinaɣ.

Tettusawal tamaziɣt dar tugt n middn ɣ tmizar n Lmɣrib, Dzayr d Libya, d yan uṭṭun imẓẓiyn n middn ɣ Tunst, Cngiṭ, agafa n Mali, agafa d utaram n Nijr d ugafan Buṛkina Faṣu d tmazirt n Siwa ɣ Miẓra. Tugt n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin imzwagn, ɣassad llan s wuṭṭun n kra n 4 id mlyun, llan ɣ tmizar n Uṛuppa n utaram, llan s kraḍ tasutin, zɣ isggʷasn n 1950. Uṭṭun n imaziɣn yugr wuṭṭun n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin.

Kra n 95% n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln yat zzɣ smmust tutlayin mqqurnin, kraygat yat zgisnt teṭṭaf uggar n sin id mlyun n imsiwln, ad tnt igan d s unmala n ustay n uṭṭun n imsiwln: Taclḥit, Taqbaylit, Tamaziɣt (n wammas), Tarifiyt, Tacawit. 

 Assinw (taklasifikasyunt) 

 Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa 

Gant Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa yat tyffart tantalant (dialect continuum) ittusawaln ɣ tmazɣa, tg daɣ yat zɣ tdurubba (sous-groupes) n tṣṭṭat tamaziɣt n tutlayin tifrusyawiyin. Akccum n tutlayt taɛṛabt iṛẓa tasult lli tt nn ikkan grasnt.

Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa nna s sawaln dar uggar n mlyun n ufgan gan tnt Taclḥiyt, Tamaziɣt n tuẓẓumt, Tarifit, Tacawit d Taqbaylit. Bḍant f kraḍt trubba:

 Tutlayin timɣribiyin n Waṭlas
 Tutlayin tijanatin
 Taqbaylit

 Tutlayin timaziɣin n utaram 

Tutlayin timaziɣin tutrimin nɣ Tutlayin timaziɣin n unẓul utrim gant yat tṣṭṭat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin. Taṣṭṭat-ad gis snat tutlayin:

 Taẓnagt
 Tatsrrt

 Tutlayin timaziɣin titrgiyin 

 Tutlayin timaziɣin n ugmuḍ 

Timaziɣin tigmuḍanin nɣ Timaziɣin n ugmuḍ gant yat trabbut n tutlayin timziɣin ittusawaln g Libya d Miṣṛa. Tkcm gis Tawilant, Tasknit, tasiwit d taɣdimsit.

Ɣ umata, ar ttussiḍannt tutlayin timaziɣin tigmuḍanin zɣ tdurabbut n tutlayin tijanatin n tmaziɣt tagafayt. Taṣṭṭat-ad gis smmust tutlayin:

 Tasiwit
 Tawilant
 Taɣdimsit
 Tanfust
 Tasknit

 Tagwancit 

Tutlayt tagwancit tga yat tulayt inɣuban lli tt inn ikkan ar sis sawaln igwanciyn ɣ tgzirin tikanariyin ar tasuta tiss 16 nɣ 17. Tmmut tutlayt-ad dffir n walik n tgzirin tikanariyin. Tettyusan tutlayt tagwancit s wammak n twinas d tguriwin lli zmmimn ijyugrafn imzwura, d ismawn n idɣarn d kra n tguriwin nna tumẓ tṣbnyult n tgzirin tikanariyin.

 Tibḍit tarakalt 

 Lmɣrib 

 Tutlayt taclḥit nɣ tasusit tga tutlayt tamaziɣt akkʷ imqqurn ɣ wuṭṭun n imsawaln. tg tmazirt-nns gr udrar n drn, Asif n Sus, Asif n Dra d waṭlas imẓẓiyn. llan imsiwln sis ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin ula nttnti zun d tigmmi tumlilt, d ṛṛbaḍ d sla. Tga tclḥiyt yat zɣ tawja n tutlayin n waṭlas tama n tmaziɣt n waṭlas anammas.
 Tutlayt tamaziɣt n tuẓẓumt

 Tutlayt tarifit tga tutlayt n imaziɣen irifiyn nna izdɣn ɣ idrarn d iɣrman n Arrif lli d-yuckan dɣ ugafa n umṛṛuk. Llan gr 3 ar 4 id mlyun n imsawaln s tutlayt-ad ɣ umṛṛuk d uruppa

 Dzayr 

 Tutlayt taqbaylit nɣ d tazwawt tga tutlayt n imaziɣn n iqbayliyn lli izdɣn ɣ tmazirt n lqbayl ɣ Dzayr. Taqbaylit tga yat tutlayt zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin iṭṭafn aṭṭan n imsawaln yattyun, tg tis snat dffir n tclḥiyt ɣ maya.

 Tutlayt tacawit tga tutlayt n icawiyen, tg tutlayt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imsawaln ɣ Dzayer dffir n tutlayt taqbaylit.
 Tutlayt tumẓabt tga yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin n tmazirt n dzayr. Ar sis sawaln ɣ tsgiwin n wilaytat ɣrdaya .

 Tutlayt taznatit tga yat tutlayt s sawaln imaziɣn ɣ tmazirt n dzayr. Ar as nttini tamaziɣt n tigurarin niɣ tamaziɣt n twat. tg awal n tqbilin tiznatiyin nɣ znata n unẓul n tamazirt n dzayr. Tantala ad tga yat zɣ tutlayin n dzayr lli ttinin is tmmut ɣ tigira n 1985 ɣ iɣrman d iduwwarn n twat d tsggiwin tamntit d tittaf. Timyurin n iggmaḍn n tmizar ad n tmdyazt d uẓawan s taznatit ttyuran d frurin ɣ warratn n Mulud Mɛmmri. Ttyuzmmamen ɣ imṣṭirn imzwura n tussna n ufgan n -{UNESCO}-

 Tuns 

 Tutlayt tasndit tga yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin lli illan ɣ tmazirt n Tunst, tg yat zɣ tutlayin lli immutn. Nnan mas d zɣ 1950, tutlayt-ad ur sul illi mad tt isawaln. Ɣ tmazirt n Tunst, mnnawt tutlayin ad illan agri skrnt nit s tɣarast n ismḍal. Imbddadn iqawmiyn n yiεṛabn lli inbḍn ɣ tmazirt n Tunst uggar 50 n usggʷas ayad gan tuggʷas-nnsn afad ad nɣin tadlsa d tutlayin timaziɣin.

 Libya 

 Tutlayt tanfust niɣ mazoɣ tga tantala lli sawaln imaziɣn n udrar n infusn (nɣ jabal naffusa), adrar-ad illa ɣ tmazirt n libya, tanfusit tga ula yat tantala zɣ tutlayin timaziɣn lli sul idrn, waxxa tbidd tanbaḍt n libya ɣ ddu ifassn Lqddafi bac ad tt tmḍl.  Ar tt sawaln uggar n 150 000 n umdan. tangalt (ISO 639-3) ns igat: jbn. Mnck ad bdda tsmun id bu icnubcn n tutlayt mas tga z tutlayin n tuns, mac nttat naḥayat disnt.

 Mali d Nnijr 

 Miṣṛa 

 Muriṭanya 

 Tigzirin tiknariyin 

 Tutlayt tagwancit tga yat tulayt inɣuban lli tt inn ikkan ar sis sawaln igwanciyn ɣ tgzirin tikanariyin ar tasuta tiss 16 nɣ 17. Tmmut tutlaytad dffir n walik n tgzirin tikanariyin. Tettyusan tutlayt tagwancit s wammak n twinas d tguriwin lli zmmimn ijyugrafn imzwura, d ismawn n idɣarn d kra n tguriwin nna tumẓ tṣbnyult n tgzirin tikanariyin.

 Tirra
Agmmay n tifinaɣ

Uran imzwura tamaziɣt s iskkiln n tfinaɣ d iskkiln n tarabt d iskkiln n tlatinit mac ɣ usggwas n 2003 iskcm usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt tifinaɣ ɣ uslmad n tmaziɣt; tdwel tifinaɣ niɣ Tifinaɣ  tunṣibt ɣ Lmɣrib;

Tifinaɣ iggmayn iqburn ila ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n ifriqya sxdmant imaziɣn d ṭawariq 

 Agmmay alatin 
Iqbaylin n tamazirt d yan ugzzum mqqurn nimrukiyn ar tafan mas irxa bzzaf ad ttran s tirra tamaziɣt talitinit. tirra yad ar tnt bahra ntafa ɣ lwib d-sitat imazi°n n - brra d tigzirin tiknariyin.

 Agmmay aɛrab 
Uran ṭṭlba d imḥḍaṛn n timzgadiwin n iffus n tamazirt lmrruk s ugmmay n tɛṛabt, ilin mnnaw n warratn s uskkil-a, kra zgi-sn ittyura ɣ dar tasut 11.

 Arratn iqburn 
Kigan zzɣ mddn da ttiɣiln is d ar ɣilad ad ssntint tirra s tutlayin tamaziɣin, d is ur dars tlli awd yat taysi iran ad as yaws ad tgmu tmɣr acku taddagt ur ilin iẓuṛan mqqurnin ur tufi ad tili ifrawn d icṭḥan mqqurnin ! Is llan kra n warratn izaykutn dar tmaziɣt ? Mlmi ad ssntint tirra s tutlayt ad ? Ma ayd icuncgn amussu ad adlsan ? Man imukrisn d ittkkan mnid i warra amaziɣ ? Ma s nɣiy ad t nsyafu zzɣ wanaw ad n warratn izaykutn ?

Yuwi d uslmad Ɛumaṛ Affa lli igan aslmad ɣ tmɣrudt n Rrbaṭ dffir isnubbucn lli iga f usntl amzruy n warra amaziɣ s uskkil « aεṛab » mas iga Umṛṛuk s umata ansa i uskkir n warratn s tutlayin tamaziɣin s tmzarayin nns akkʷ swa ɣ Sus nɣ d Laṭlas nɣ d Rrif irnu isslkn ɣ yat tinawt iga tt usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ɣ 2003 mas d Sus ad igan tansbaɣurt uggar s wanaw ad n warratn. Aya yuwi t id, mk lli inna, wansa arakal lli illan dar tsga ad d lli tt yujjan ad taggug f iḍiṣn inadafn aylli tt yujjan ad tḍuf kigan n uzug anutlay d unamun d udmsan d usrtan.

Awttas zɣ warratn lli skrn iclḥiyn n zik ur igi tutlayt taclḥit s ixf nns maca ad ssawḍn tussna tamsɣant i ugdud amaziɣ lli ikkan ur da ittakʷz taεṛabt, aya isfaw t mas amata ɣ warratn ad aɣn d iskkinn n usgd swa ɣ igr n usumd nɣ ɣ igr n uflas nɣ ɣ igr n tikli n wasr nɣ isfra lli t ittalɣn, issuman t ulaa acku ur snzgumn imaratn ad s wanaw n tirra d ur srisn kra n ilugnn i usnmarra amaziɣ.

Kra n imdyatn zzɣ warratn aɣ d ilkmn :

 Asuɣl n udlis Al anwar assunnyya fi lkalimat assunnyya « Tifawin tisunniyin ɣ tguriwin tisunniyin » i Muḥammad ug Aḥmad u Juzayy Aɣṛnaṭi s tmaziɣt n Sus.

 Asuɣl n udlis Al arbaεun annawawyya « Tisimrawin timiɣsin » i Muḥammad Muxtar Asusi.

 Arra  « Tafukt n ddin » i Ɛli u Hmad ug Iliɣ , adlis ad iga yat tmdyazt ɣ llant mraw n yifḍn n tiwnt .

 « Baḥr addumuε » (Ill n imṭṭawn) n Muḥammad Awzal.

 Arra « Amaziɣ » i Brahim Aẓnag.

 Arra « Al-ḥawḍ» i Muḥammad Awzal.

 « Taelif fi ttawḥid wa lfiqh wa lfalak » (Tirra ɣ usyiwn d lfiqh d tjṛṛumt d tsnayrur) i Brahim u Ɛbdllah u Muḥmmad Aẓnag.

Yuwi d uslmad Affa ɣ tinawt nns uttay n 25 n warra ttyaranin s tutlayt tamaziɣt, irnu uslmad ad mas d arrantn lli ittyamaẓn ɣ Uṛubba ttwaḥḍan ɣ Iks Un ɣ Rufans ɣ Fṛanṣa.

Zɣ warratn imaziɣn igan izaykutn lli ittyaskarn s tmaziɣt « Kitab al-asmae » (Adlis n wassaɣn) lli igan yan usgzawal (msmun awal) amaziɣ aεṛab ittuɣuln ɣr tasut tiss 12 n tlalit, ittyaskar usgzawal ad ɣ 1146 dat n tlalit, yara t u Tunart lli iluln ɣ 1085 dat tlalit immt ɣ 1172 (ur igi u Tumrt Amuwḥḥidi), tili ɣ warra ad 2500 n tguri tamaziɣt lli ɣ amunt 250 n wassaɣn n imɣayn, ig usgzawal ad yan zzɣ isgzawaln akkw iqbrn ɣ umaḍal. D hat zrwn kigan n imsnilsn imaziɣn d ayt Uṛubba (Ihulandiyn d Ifṛanṣiṣn) asgzawal « Adlis n wassaɣn » d yan umawal aḍnin assaɣ nns « Kacf aṛṛumuz » d ifḍn n warratn yaḍn lli ɣ llant tullisin, isfra, aflas, ismigiln,…lli d ikkan Amṛṛuk d Dzayr d Libya d Tiniri . arra amaziɣ akkw iqbrn ittyissin ar ɣilad d arra « Kitab albarbaryya » (Adlis n tmaziɣt) zzɣ Tuns, illa ɣ 896 n tasna, ar issfru taɣarast tibaḍit . ar ittuɣul usakud n usnulfu n warra ad amqran ar gr tasut tiss 8 d tiss 9 n tlalit, ar ittawz f tzrawt nns umsnils aṭalyan Vermondo Brugnatelli zzɣ tsdawit Milano-Bicocca. Aya yujja i imsnilsn ad isinn s talɣiwin n ussmrs n tmaziɣt n zik ittyaran zzɣ uggar n 1200 n usggwas aya.

Ar ɣilad ur ta llint kra n tsiḍan i taysi ad tansbaɣurt, d ur nssin man idɣarn ɣ llan kigan n warratn imaziɣn wala mani ɣ nn ḥḍan, s man aya ur nufi ad nfk yat twlaft imdn f tilawt n warratn ad, d ar ttddrn aṭaṣ n imukrisn amm assmrs ur ifulkin, mnziwt ur illin d tanzzarfut, assrwl d tukkṛḍa, nrnu asn nn awd imukrisn igamann amm iɣrdayn, iwḍfan, aɣmal, ubuy n warratn atg  luman acku kigan ɣ warratn ad gan uslign s kra n tawjiwin lli d ifl umara, ar tn bḍḍun grasn. addad ad ismrnat uggar acku ur llint kra n tkafutin nna rad iswuri f uḥṭṭu d ufrag i warratn ad.  S man aya zmrɣ ad iniɣ mas mk aɣ d uwḍnt tmiḍiwin n warratn hat ifḍn ad inɣuban swa s iskkirn igamann nɣ inafgann.

Arratn ad n tmaziɣt gan yan uɣbalu ur ittɣarn i tutlayt tamaziɣt acku usin kigan n umawal azayku nna ur nenni ad naf dar ayt ɣilad, aya yujja imrza ad sgisn ḍin kigan n tguriwin nna rad yaws ɣ usbɣr n tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussudr nns, maca tiwuriwin nna ittugan ar ɣilad ur gumnt, iqqn d ad tili yat tstratijit i uḥṭṭu n taysi ad ittug as usnmala d tzrawin afad ad d sgisn ittuẓẓg akkw uynna uman n tussna s lawan akkw ɣ igr n tutlayt tamaziɣt.http://tamazight-tanawayt.blogspot.com/2015/06/arratn-imazinibula-n-tutlayt.html

 Asnɣms s wawal amaziɣ 

 Taddagt n tutlayin timaziɣin 

 Tafruyasit 
 Proto-Tamaziɣt 1 (-7000)
 Proto-Tamaziɣt 2 (-2000)
 Tamaziɣt n ugmuḍ
 Tanfusit
 Tawilant
 Tasknit
 Taɣdimsit
 Tasiwit
 Tamaziɣt n ugafa
 Taqbaylit
 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas
 Taclḥiyt
 Tamaziɣt n waṭlas anammas
 Tutlayt tajanat
 Tarifiyt
 Taznast
 Tacnwit
 Tumẓabt
 Tacawit
 Taznast n umalu
 Tajerbit
 Tatargit
 Tamahaɣt
 Tamacaɣt
 Tawllmmtt
 Tayart
 Tamaziɣt tutrimt
 Taẓnagt
 Tatsrrt

 Ẓr daɣ 

 Tinidlisn 

 Meftaha Ameur, Khalid Ansar, Abdellah Boumalk, Noura El Azrak, Rachid Laabdelaoui et Hamid Souifi, Centre de l'Aménagement Linguistique, , Rabat, Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, coll. « Lexiques et dictionnaires » (no 13), 2016, 1030 p. (ISBN 978-9954-28-240-3, asmnid ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit], ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit])
 Revue annuelle Études et documents berbères [timḥḍit] (Paris/Aix-en-Provence, Coédition La boîte à Documents/Edisud)
 Lamara Bougchiche (préf. Lionel Galand), , Paris, Ibis Press, coll. « Sources berbères anciennes et modernes », 1997, 447 p. (ISBN 978-2-910728-02-1, OCLC 37040152, asmnid ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit])
 Linguistique berbère : Études de syntaxe et de diachronie, Salem Chaker, Peeters, Paris, 1995 (ISBN 978-2-87723-152-7)
 Grammaire berbère (rifain, zayane, chleuh, kabyle), Michel Quitout, éd. L'Harmattan, 1997 (ISBN 978-2-7384-6004-2)
 nitiation à l'écriture de la langue berbère, Larbi Rabdi, éd. L'Harmattan, 2001, 148 p.  (ISBN 978-2-7475-0904-6)
 Dictionnaire des racines berbères (formes attestées), Kamal Naït-Zerrad, 3 tomes : Tome I, 1998 (ISBN 978-90-429-0579-5) ; Tome II, 1999 (ISBN 978-90-429-0722-5) ; Tome III, 2002 (ISBN 978-90-429-1076-8)
 La langue berbère, André Basset, éd. L'Harmattan, 2004 (ISBN 978-2-7475-7278-1)
 Langue berbère. Introduction à la notation usuelle en caractères latins, Ramdane Achab, éd. Hoggar, Paris, 1998 (ISBN 978-2-912996-00-8)
 Dictionnaire tamazight - français (variante zayane du Maroc central), Miloud Taïfi, éd. L'Harmattan, 1992 (ISBN 978-2-906659-00-1)
 Dictionnaire des verbes Tachelhit-Français, Abdallah El Mountassir, éd. L'Harmattan, 2003 (ISBN 978-2-7475-3577-9)
 Manuel de conjugaison du tachelhit (langue berbère du Maroc), Abdallah Boumalk, éd. L'Harmattan, 2003 (ISBN 978-2-7475-5527-2)
 Grammaire moderne du kabyle, Kamal Naït-Zerrad, éd. Karthala, Paris, 2001 (ISBN 978-2-84586-172-5)
 Psycholinguistique touarègue (Interférences culturelles), Mohamed Aghali-Zakara, Inalco, Paris, 1992
 Dialecte de l’Ahaggar (en 4 volumes), Charles de Foucauld, éd. L’Harmattan, Paris, réédition de 2005 (ISBN 978-2-7475-8173-8)
 Langue et pouvoir en Algérie, Mohammed Benrabah, éd. Séguier, 1999 (ISBN 978-2-84049-150-7)
 Dictionnaire insolite du Maroc - Latéfa Faïz - Édition Cosmopole - Novembre 2011 - ISBN / 978-2-84630-064-3.
 Stéphanie Pouessel, « La relégation des langues berbères : le complexe de la berbérité » (p. 33-41) et « L'éloge du fragment : langues et régions berbères » (p. 163-168), dans , Paris/Alger/Casablanca, Non Lieu/Edif 2000/La Croisée des chemins, 2010, 205 p. (ISBN 978-2-35270-087-6 et 2352700876, OCLC 683412145)

 Mena Lafkioui, « La question berbère : politiques linguistiques et pratiques langagières », Langues et cité, no 23,‎ août 2013 (ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit)

 Salem Chaker,Langue (berbère) , dans , vol. 28-29 : Kirtēsii–Lutte, Aix-en-Provence, Édisud, 2008 (ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit]), p. 4348-4360
 Alexandra Filhon, « Parler berbère en famille : une revendication identitaire », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, vol. 23, no 1,‎ 2007 (ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit [timḥḍit])

 Isɣwan n bṛṛa 

 Inalco Centre de recherche berbère - Publications
 Liste d'ouvrages pour la pratique des langues berbères
 Situation sociolinguistique des berbères tunisiens - Ahmad Bukus

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