Imil Durkaym

Dafid Imil Durkaym (15 abril 1858 - 15 nuwanbir 1917) iga yan umsnamun afransis. Durkaym ad nit issrsln s ma igan amaddud tasdawit n tsnamunt, ikcm d ɣwilli mi ittɣra s imsdagn imzwura n tsnamunt tatrart, nttan d Marks d Fibir.

Taggat n twuri n Durkaym ar tnggḍ ɣ manmk ad ttɣaman imunn f umyamaẓ nnsn d unya nnsn ɣ uzmz igan atrar, mqqar d yan wakud ɣ ur sul biddn izdayn n usgd d wamun zun d ɣiklli s tt inn kkan yadda, ig yan wakud ɣ kcmnt asays kra n tmrsal timaynutin n wamun. Tannayt n Durkaym tbidd f tɣudiw tamassant n wamun tiwi d ilmma igjda n tsnamunt tatrart. Issmrs imassn n twssna zun d uṭṭunn, d usmaqql amzray afad ad issfsi tinɣi n iman ɣ tgrumma n ikatulikiyn d lbrutistaniyn.

Adlis imqqurn da s izwur Durkaym ɣ tsnamunt iga t "De la division du travail social" (1893; "F tbḍit n twuri tanamunt"). Tiɣrdin nns, ɣ 1895, yura "Les Règles de la méthode sociologique" (Ilugan n tɣarast n twssna n wamun) dɣ usggʷas ann nit, iṛẓm Durkaym ansa amzwaru n tsnamunt ɣ Urubba, ig aslmad amzwaru n tsnamunt ɣ Fransa.

Adlis nns inyafn "Le Suicide" (1897), iskr gis yat tɣudiw n usɣal n tnɣi n iman ɣ tmizar tikatulikin d tibrutistanin, yiws mayann ɣ usngiri gr twssna tanamunt d tnimant d tflsaft  d tsrtant. 

Ɣ 1898, iskr aɣmis n "L' Année sociologique" (Asggʷas asnamun). Adlis nns "Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse" (1912; unnuɣn ifrdasn n tudrt tasgdant) issmnid gis yan uswingm f usgd, ar ittdwwan gr tudrt tanamunt d tdlsant n imunn n zikk d wid uzmz atrar.

Iga Durkheim yan wudm ifduddin ɣ tudrt tawngamt tafransist, iɣama dɣmkann ar ɣasslli immut ɣ 1917. Ifsr yat tiɣri iggutn, yara kigan n idlisn f mnnaw imrsiwn, zun d tasnamunt n twssna d itaggn d iswirn n wamun d usgd d ulmmud d tmagit d ulugn. Yiwi d dids kra n tguriwin zun d "Afrak angraw"  da ttinin mddn akkʷ ɣikkad mqqar willi ur ɣranin.

 Tudrt nns 
Tamazirt n Epinal (Vosges) aɣ d ilul Imil Durkaym, ɣ yat takat n wudayn, babaṣ iga arbban. Macc ntta s ixf nns iga anustik d ur yiri ad ig zun d babas, ikcm tinml yattuyn n islmadn (l'Ecole Normale Supérieure) ig aslmad n tflsuft ɣ usggʷas n 1882. Isslmd azrf d tflsuft ur ta issnti ad ittara f tsnamunt, isslmd ilmma d inn tamtta ad tamaynut ɣ tsdawit n Buṛḍu, fad ad sul issaqqra ɣ Ṣṣuṛbun sɣ usggʷas n 1902.Les biographies de la Toupie

 Umudn nns 
Ifl d Durkaym tiɣʷrdin nns mnnaw idlisn ɣ igr n tsnamut, ittyawbdar gisn: 
 De la division du travail social (1893),
 Règles de la méthode sociologique (1894),
 Le Suicide, étude de sociologie (1897),
 Représentations individuelles et représentations collectives (1898),
 L'éducation morale (1903),
 Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse (1912),
 Education et Sociologie (1922),
 Sociologie et Philosophie (1925),
 L'Evolution pédagogique en France (1938),
 La Science sociale et l'Action (lliɣ yad immut, 1970).

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