Lɛammt

LɛammtTaguri ittyawssmrasn g tqqbilt n infḍwak zun d ism n yan wanaw n tẓuṛi(mzɣ)  برنامج أنثروبولوجيا: قبيلة فطواكة، سعيد باجي وعبد الهادي زيدان tga yan wanaw n tẓuṛi tamaziɣt iwtn s iẓuṛan g umzruy n ufgan amaziɣ tasut f tasut, tga taẓuṛi n uṛkaḍhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230117214217/https://amawal.net/a%E1%B9%9Bka%E1%B8%8D  imunn d nnḍm, tg s yat tgmiḍi iggutn taẓuṛi n irgazn.  taẓuṛi ad tlla dar tugt n tqqbilin g Lmɣrib. Tettyussan bahra lɛammt g tqqbilt n infḍwakIsm ad ar t issmras umrzu nɣ aminag Ɛbdlhadi Zidan (iga iwis n tqqbilt n infḍwak) iwalan i tamnaḍt n Uzilal, tasga n Bni Mllal-Xnifṛa. Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi iẓlin s tqqbilt n infḍwak, tlla lɛammt ula g mnnawt n tmnaḍin n tqqbilt n iɣjdamn inmalan d tqqbilt n infḍwak sg tsga n iffus utrim. . Ism ad n lɛammt illa g tmizar yaḍni zun Ẓayyan d Sus macc idrus, acku darsn anawn yaḍnin n tẓuṛi, Sus gis Aḥwac, Ẓayyan nutni ar tturarn s Uḥidus. Tettuyssan Lɛammt s ismawn yaḍni zun "Lɛmmt" d "Lɛammat". 

Ar tettyawskar Lɛammt akud nna illa kra n uzmzzu iẓlin s tqqbilt nɣ s kra n usun nɣ aḍwwaṛ, zun ig tlla tmɣra dar usli nɣ taslit, ttlgit (anmuggur da skarn middn i lɛaml, lqqayd nɣ kra n ubṛlamani) n kra wudm imqqurn, asfuglu s kra n uzmzzu n tsrtit zun istayn nɣ kra n imnɣi. G irir n Lɛammt ar ttbddadn tugt n irgazn ar skarn adurSg Msmun awal amatay asnmalay n tmaziɣt (MWMSM) n usinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt (SGSM) :https://web.archive.org/web/20210103122850/https://tal.ircam.ma/dglai/lexieam.php, lsn tijlluba nɣ lfuqqiyyat tumlilin nɣ tiwraɣin (idrus ma g ttilint g kra n ukʷlu yaḍn), d idukan d titqacrin (ar asnt ttinin ttqqacṛ) ula nttnti g ma iggutn ar ttggant tumlilin nɣ tiwraɣin, gn f yixf nnsn acddad nɣ taṛẓẓit (ar as ttinin infḍwak ṛṛẓṭ) tawṛaɣt nɣ tumlilt nɣ ar lssan f ixfawn nnsn tacacit (nɣ ṭṭagiyya) ula nttat g ukʷlu umlil nɣ awraɣ; agʷln g iɣariwn (nɣ iɣṛaḍ) nnsn lkʷmmit, ku argaz ar dis isatti allun nɣ tallunt nns nɣ ar ittḥuc ɣar s ifassn nns, yili ditsn ula bab n ganga, ar ssntayn (nɣ ar bddun) irgazn llɣa nɣ tanḍḍamt ar kkatn allun ar ig iḥma ilmma kcmn d tfrxin (ar asnt ttinin timḥwacin) ilsan lqqṭib d tmlsa tiblday n tmazirt skrnt ula nttnti adur nnsnt dat adur n irgazn macc ur a ditsn ttxllaḍn ar ig ssrɣan lɛammt ilmma ku argaz ar d ilddi yat tfruxt ad dis ittḥuc. Tifrxin ar ttḥucnt s ifassn macc irgazn ar ttḥucn s ifassn nɣ s tallunt.

 Aẓuṛ n ism 
Aẓuṛ n yism n "Lɛammt" ur illi kra n usaɣul ittyaran fllas isawln, macc ar fllas sawaln middn g tudrt nnsn takuyast. G Lmɣrib ar aṭṭan middn ingr yan ufgan da iḥṣan lqqṛan d wid da ur t iḥṣin, middn da iḥṣan ar asn ttinin "ṭṭlba" (amyun ns Ṭṭalb) nɣ "lmsafrin" (amyun nns lmsafr, ar asn aqqran s ism ad acku ar ttsafarn afad ad ḥṣun lqqṛan); middn da ur iḥṣin Lqqṛan ar asn aqqran s "iɛammin" (amyun nns Aɛammi). Llan kra n iwnnan ittinin mas ism n Lɛammt ittyafka i tẓuṛi ad acku ar tt tturarn ɣaṛr middn da ur iḥṣin Lqqṛan nɣ "iɛammin", ɣayann af tga Lɛammt. Illa daɣ yan wawal yaḍn ittinin mas taguri n "Lɛammt" ar tt ttinin i tẓuṛi ad acku g mad izrin lɛammt ar tt tturarn middn akkʷ n iqqbiln, ku aqqbil nɣ ku usun ar ttmunan imzdaɣn nns akkʷ akud nna illa kra n usfuglu, middn n usun akkʷ ad igan lɛammtTugga n middn n tgrawt n Ubadu, aḍwwaṛ n imziln.Tugga n middn da itturarn lɛammt g tgrawt n Ayt Mḥmmd d Sidi Yaɛqub, infḍwak., ur ar ttinin mas tlla lɛammt abla ig ggutn middn. 


Ar daɣ ttinin middn mas lɛammt tusi ism ad acku ar skarn middn n tqqbilt lɛammt akud nna darsn d yucka kra n wudm imqqurn zun d lɛaml, amawas, agllid nɣ kra n wudm n tsrtit; g unmuggar ad ar gis ttilin inbgiwn (udmawn imqqurn) d middn n tqqbilt (lɛammt), middn da ittḥucn gan sg lɛammt, mayad af tusi tẓuṛi ad ism n "Lɛammt" acku ar tt tturarn lɛammt n middn.

G mayad izrin ku aqqbil ar gis ttilint tugt n trubba n uḥwac, akud nna illa kra n usfuglu imqqurn ar ttmunant tirubba ad g yat trabbut imqqurn ar aqqran s yism n lɛammtTugga n irgazn imqquṛn sg tmazirt n Ayt flalaḍ, taqqbilt n infḍwak, 2023.

 Asnml n Lɛammt 

Taẓuṛi n imaziɣn tut s iẓuṛan g umzruy ɣiklli sisn yut ufgan amaziɣ g tmazirt nns. Ur tgi tẓuṛi tamaziɣt kra n imrsi yuhnen akud nna fllas nsawal nɣ nra a fllas nɣr, nlmd mad iga d mad gan iẓuṛan nns. Akud nna isawal yan f tẓuṛi tamaziɣt ar isaqqul tarabbut n middn ar tthḍaṛn, macc akud nna nggiwr s akal nsrs tirsal nara iskkiln nḥṣu tn, ngr iẓṛi nnɣ f ku taqqbilt d tẓuṛi nns, nsiggl amzaray ar ittmmrkas wawal yaḍṛ tannayt nnɣ tamzwarut f tẓuṛi tamaziɣt.  

Lɛammt ula nttat tḍfaṛ taẓuṛi tamaziɣt g ummrks, icqqa ad nini g yan wawal ula g mraw n iwaliwn mad igan lɛammt, ɣayann af rad ka nẓẓḍaṛ ad nsrs tifrisin n tẓuṛi ad bac ad nẓẓḍaṛ ad nsmzaray ingras d tẓuṛiwin yaḍnin:    

Ar ittili g lɛammt wallun (ṭṭaṛat) d ganga, nɣ tẓẓḍaṛ ad tili lɛammt ɣar s wallunTugga n lɛammt n usun n Ixrran, Surn, Ayt flalaḍ, infḍwak, Aṭlaṣ mqquṛn..
Lɛammt tga irir n ṭṭaṛt, ur tlli lɛammt bla ṭṭaṛt, g tuddma ar ssrɣan irgazn ṭṭaṛt nnsn bac ad tfk ṭṭaṛt awal. Ar ttinin infḍwak mas lɛammt tga irir n ṭṭaṛt, aḥwac iga irir n ufus.
Lɛammt tga irir n irgazn, idrus ma g ttilint tmɣarin g lɛammt, ar ittili wadur n tmɣarin g lɛammt ig ur illi ubṛṛani f usun, macc timɣaṛin ur ar tturarnt abla s ufus, ur ar sattint amya. Ar ttinin infḍwak mas ar ibddu usfuglu s lɛammt iggra s uḥwac acku ar tturarn irgazn lɛammt g tuddma, ɣar da tṛqqa lɛammt kcmn d tmɣarin ilmma tzri lɛammt taɣul tg aḥwac.
G lɛammt ur gis asmuss iggutn, ar smussun irgazn iɣṛaḍ nnsn, ar kkatn ṭṭaṛt ar tturarn s iḍaṛn d ifassn macc ur illi usmuss iggutn, ar ittili ummus idrusn.
G lɛammt aṛkaḍ ar ittgga amgru, ur ar itturar ku yan waḥdu t, ar iskar wadur n irgazn kullu t yan umussu, ar smussun iḍaṛn g yan uzmz ula ifassn ar tn smussun g yan uzmz.
Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi n tmmuɣra d ussmɣr ur tgi irir n tfugliwin mẓẓinin.
Lɛammt ar gis ttilin irgazn imqqurn iwssirn, ar ittidrus ma ɣ gis ttilin imẓẓyann.
Ur tlli lɛammt s imiqq n irgazn, g lɛammt iqqan d ad iggutn irgazn, ar ttggan 40 d uggar n urgaz.
Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi ittmunun d lhibt d luqqṛ acku ar ttili ɣar g isfuglutn da istawhmman, d isfuglutn da g ar ttirin iqqbiln ad sbann tirrugza nnsn g wammas n iqqbiln yaḍnin.
G lɛammt irgazn ar tturarn s tfgga nnsn, s iḍaṛn, ifassn d iɣṛaḍ, ar ttirirn nɣ ar ttnḍamn kra n tallɣatin ifssusn igan tin tmazirt nnsn. Irir g lɛammt ar ittifsus ur ar ittgga zun win uḥwac.
Lmizan n lɛammt iẓẓay ur igi zun win uḥwac, irir ifssus d urar ula ntta ifssus.

 Gr tamawt 1 
Tarabbut n Lɛammt tẓḍaṛ ad tskr ula Aḥwac, macc asnti ar ittili s lɛammt ar ittggru s uḥwac ur tẓẓḍaṛ trabbut ad tsnti n uḥwac tggʷra s lɛammt. G uzray sg lɛammt s uḥwac ag ad ttbadal talɣa n irir ngr lɛammt da iẓẓayn d uḥwac da ifsusn g irir ns.

 Gr tamawt 2 
Ar ssmrasn mddn ism n Lɛammt ula i trabbut da itturarn lɛammt, ar ttinin tuckad lɛammt n nɣ tlla lɛammt s unamk mas d tucka trabbut nna iskarn lɛamt. Lɛammt tga anaw n tẓuṛi tg ula ism n trabbut da itturarn anaw ad n tẓuṛi.

 Amzaray gr Lɛammt d uḥwac 
Lɛammt ula  Aḥwac gant tiẓuṛiwin iɣusn, qqbuṛnt ɣiklli iqqbuṛ ufgan amaziɣ, gant s sin tiẓuṛiwin tturar trabbut n middn, gnt sg tɣarasin n usfuglu dar imaziɣn. Amzaray n ism iḥba amzaray n unamk d talɣa ingr Uḥwac d Lɛammt, iḥba amzaray g uzmz n usfuglu iḥbu amzaray g mad iẓḍaṛn ad isfuglu idru g uznmzzu. Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi n irgazn s tgmiḍi iggutn, aḥwac iga taẓuṛi n g ttmmrkasn middn ar gis ittili wadur n irgazn d wadur n tmɣarin. Lɛammt tga irir n ufus (ṛṛcc) macc lɛammt tga irir n ṭṭaṛat (tallunt). G lɛammt ar skarn irgazn yan wadur ur ẓḍaṛn ad munn nɣ ad skrn taẓaṛt. Amzaray yaḍni illa g lmizan nɣ tazzla n irir d uṛkaḍ, imḥwacn ar ttirirn s tzzla macc ayt Lɛammt ar ttirirn ar tṛkaḍn s lḥilat.

 Infḍwak 
Ig nḍfaṛ kigan n imrzutn isawln f iẓuṛan d iqqbiln imaziɣn, zun Ibn Xaldun, Ibn Ḥazm d Abu Bakṛ Ṣṣnhaji iqqan d a nini mas Infḍwak ur gin aqqbil, macc gan iɣss nɣ azɣr (s tɛṛabt : بطن) sg iɣsan da iḍfaṛn i uqqbil n Iskurn (s tɛṛabt : هسكورة), inna Ibn Xaldun mas Iskurn gan aytmatn n iẓnagn (iṣnhajn) sg immatsn, zdɣn g udrar n DrnAdlis n tarix Ibn Xaldun (ابن خلدون, كتاب تاريخ ابن خلدون, الجزء 6، صفحة 354), yini mas Infḍwak gan iɣss amqqṛan g Iskurn, ar gis ittnbaḍn nutni..
 Aẓuṛ n ism 
Ism ad ur fllas illi kra n usaɣul ittyaran s tmaziɣt, mqqar fllas sawl kigan n imrzutn s tɛṛabt d tfṛanṣiṣt. Aḥmad Tawfiq isawl f ism n "fṭwak"المجتمع المغربي في القرن 19 ( اينولتان 1850-1912 ), أحمد التوفيق, منشورات كلية الآداب والعلوم الانسانية بالرباط, رسائل و أطروحات رقم 63, الطبعة : الثالثة - سنة 2011م, صفحة رقم : 58

↑ mas iga babatsn amzwaru n infḍwak d ntta af ttyasmman infḍwak, isawl ula f ism n "Fṭwaka" s tɛṛabt. ibn Xaldun, ibn Ḥazm d Abu bakṛ ṣṣnhaji sawln f ism n "Fṭwaka". Mayad a yuddjan ismawn ad ggudin s tmaziɣt, illa ma ittinin "infṭwak"موسوعة قبائل المغرب : قبيلة فطواكة http://tribus-maroc.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post_1426.html, ili ma ittinin "infḍwak". Ula middn g tmazirt n infḍwak ar ttxllaḍn ismawn ad.
 Iskurn 
Iskurnالمجتمع المغربي في القرن 19 ( اينولتان 1850-1912 ), أحمد التوفيق, منشورات كلية الآداب والعلوم الانسانية بالرباط, رسائل و أطروحات رقم 63, الطبعة : الثالثة - سنة 2011م, صفحة رقم : 54 (s tɛṛabt : هسكورة) gan aqqbil nɣ tamsmunt n iqqbiln (s tɛṛabt : اتحادية قبلية) Tuzduɣt n Iskurn tga tamazirt bahra imqqurn. Ibn Xaldun inna mas tga tuzduɣt n Iskurn sg iffus n wasif n Ḍṛɛa tzrit sg udrar n Drn ar uzaɣar n Tadla. Ḥasan Lwazzan ntta ar ittini mas tamazirt n Iskurn tbda sg tukarin n Dduakal (Dkkala) s umnid n taggut ar wasif n Tansift g dar udrar n AdimiḤasan Lwazzan, adlis : وصف افريقيا

 infḍwak n wassad 
Tamazirt n infḍwak ɣassad tbḍa f snat tinariwin (nɣ Lqqiyyadat): tanara n Fṭwaka d tanara n Ayt tamllil. 

Tanara n Fṭwaka gis kṛaḍt n tgrawin (nɣ Ljamaɛat): tagrawt n tidili Fṭwaka, tagrawt n Sidi Yaɛqub d tgrawt n Anzu. Tagrawt n tidili Fṭwaka gis kṛaḍ imɣaṛn: amɣaṛ n tdili, amɣaṛ n Iḥuddjin d umɣaṛ n Iɣil n tikiḍ. Tagrawt n Sidi Yaɛqub gis kṛaḍ imɣaṛn : amɣaṛ n Ayt mɛlla, amɣaṛ n Ayt flalaḍ d umɣaṛ n Surnn. Tagrawt n Unzu gis ula nttat kṛaḍ imɣaṛn: amɣaṛ n Ayt mḥmmd, amɣaṛ n Tasawt d umɣaṛ n Tglawwut.

Tanara n Ayt tamllil gis snat tgrawin: tagrawt n Ayt tamllil d tgrawt n Ayt umdis. Tagrawt n Ayt tamllil gis kṛaḍ imɣaṛn: amɣaṛ n Ayt tamllil, amɣaṛ n Ayt mdiwal d umɣaṛ n Ayt mgun n iffus. Tagrawt n Ayt umdis gis kkuẓ n imɣaṛn: amɣaṛ n Ayt umdis n ugafay, amɣaṛ n Ayt umdis n iffus, amɣaṛ n Ayt ḥmid d umɣaṛ n Tacakʷct.

Nẓẓḍaṛ a nsnmili infḍwak s tɣarast ad n izddar:

Tanara n Fṭwaka:
Tagrawt n tidili Fṭwaka:
Amɣaṛ n tdili
Amɣaṛ n Iḥuddjin
Amɣaṛ n Iɣil n tikiḍ
Tagrawt n Sidi Yaɛqub:
amɣaṛ n Ayt mɛlla
Amɣaṛ n Ayt flalaḍ
Amɣaṛ n Surnn
Tagrawt n Unzu:
Amɣaṛ n Ayt mḥmmd
Amɣaṛ n Tasawt
Amɣaṛ n Tglawwut
Tanara n Ayt tamllil:
Tagrawt n Ayt tamllil:
Amɣaṛ n Ayt tamllil
Amɣaṛ n Ayt mdiwal
Amɣaṛ n Ayt mgun n iffus
Tagrawt n Ayt umdis:
Amɣaṛ n Ayt umdis n ugafay
Amɣaṛ n Ayt umdis n iffus
Amɣaṛ n Ayt ḥmid
Amɣaṛ n Tacakʷct

 Udmawn ittyawssann n infḍwak 
Infḍwak utn s iẓuṛan g umzruy, mayad af sgisnd ffuɣn kigan n udmawn ittwassn, zun: 
Ḥmman umfḍwak nɣ Ḥmman Lfṭwaki : iga yan sg inzbayn imqqṛan g Lmɣrib ig yan sg wida isrsn tirsal n "Lḥaṛaka lwaṭaniyya".
Mrirda n Ayt ɛtiq nɣ Mrirda n Ayt uɛtiqq nɣ Mrirda tanḍḍamt(ar) http://www.azilal-online.com/?p=28830 : tga tanḍḍamt illis n usun n Mgdaz igan yan sg iḍuṛan n infḍwak. Ttwassn Mrirda ddau afus n uslmad afṛanṣiṣ Ṛuni Uluj, acku issuɣɣl nnḍm ns s tutlayt tafṛanṣiṣt g udlis ns "Les chants de la Tassaout"(fr) Les chants de la Tassaout  (poèmes et chants de Mririda n'Ait Attik, traduit du Tachelhit par René Euloge), René Euloge. Ṛuni Uluj nttan iga aslmad g Dmnat g uusggas n 1927, imnaggar d Mrirda g tmdint n uzilal, Mrirda ar gis tskar tanḍḍamt g igadazn acku tzdɣ txdm gis, Uluj d nttan ar isiggil f ayt nnḍm acku iga yan sg ifṛanṣawin icnubbucn f tdlsa d tnḍḍamt tamɣribit. kra n tguriwin sg tnḍḍamt n Mrirda n ayt ɛtiqq :

 iɣjdamn 
Iɣjdamn ula nttni gan yan sg iɣsan n Iskurn n umalu zun infḍwak, umẓn iɣjdamn f tmazirt n infḍwak sg tsga n iffus, infḍwak ula iɣjdamn llan g idrarn n Waṭlaṣ mqquṛn. (ar) http://tribus-maroc.blogspot.com/2014/11/blog-post.html Isawl Aḥmad Ttawfiq f iɣjdamn, inna mas babatsn ismnt "ɣjdam", gan ula nttni sg iskurn zun infḍwak. Isawl Ḥasan Lwazzan f iɣjdamn g udlis ns "Waṣf ifriqya"(ar) كتاب وصف افريقيا، الجزء الأول، الحسن الوزان، ترجمة محمد حجي و محمد الأخضر، الطبعة الثانية 1983, inna mas nn ikka tamazirt n iɣjdamn g usggas n 1514 Ḍ.T, inna mas ɣjdamn zdɣn g yan umadl ixwan, acku nɣantn imwaḥdin g tigira n imṛabṭn acku urmn ad awsn i ugllid amggaru n imṛabṭn at igan d Bṛahim iwis Tacfin iwis n Ɛli iwis n Yusf iwis n Tacfin.Mutations sociales dans la Haut Atlas. Les Ghoujdama, Ali Amahan, 2017
Aẓuṛ n ism 
Aḥmad Ttawfiq g udlis n innultann inna mas ism n "iɣjdamn" ikkad ism n babatsn da ismnn "ɣjdam". Ili yan wawwal yaḍni ttinin middn f waẓuṛ n ism ad, at igan mas middn n waṭlaṣ ar ttinin g tutlayt nnsn tamaziɣt "ɣjdm" s unamk n "ggʷawr", ar ttinin "ut aɣjdim" zɛma "ggʷawr", iẓẓḍaṛ wadd a ig aẓuṛ n ism n iɣjdamnTugga n middn sg tqqbilt n iɣjdamn.

 Iɣjdamn n wassad 
Iɣjdamn ɣassad ḍfuṛn i tmnaḍt n Lḥawz, tasga n Mrrakc-Asfi, bḍan f kṛaḍt tgrawin: tagrawt n Ayt Ɛadl, tagrawt n Ubadu d tagrawt n Ḥkim :

Tagrawt n Ayt Ɛadl
Tagrawt n Ubadu
Tagrawt n Ḥkim

 lɛammt n iɣjdamn 
Iɣjdamn nutni ur a tturarn akkʷ lɛammt acku darsn anawn yaḍni n tẓuṛi da s ttyawssan, ar tturarn nutni s Ayt lhḍṛt (gan zun lɛammt), macc iɣjdamn n ugafa da imzadayn d infḍwak ar tturarn lɛammt, ar as ttinin nutni "lɛmmt"Tugga n Muḥmmad Amzil, iga argaz imqquṛn, ig iwis n tqqbilt n iɣjdamn, aḍwwaṛ n imziln. ar ttkksn askkil "ya" sg wammas n "yal" d "yam".

 Lɛammt g tmizar yaḍni 
Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi iẓlin s infḍwak, macc ar tt tturarn iqqbiln yaḍni zun iɣjdamn, Sus d Ayt Zayyan. Iɣjdamn d Ayt Sus ar as ttinin "Lɛmmt", Ayt Ẓayyan ar as ttinin "Lɛammat". Mqqaṛ tlla Lɛammt dar iqqbiln ad yaḍni macc ur srs ttyawssan d ur darsn tgi taẓuṛi tadslant zun mklli tga dar infḍwak. Ayt Sus ttyussan s Uḥwac, ayt Ẓayyan ttyussan s Uḥidus.

 Timlsa n irgazn 
Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi iqqbuṛn g tmizar n infḍwak d iɣjdamn ɣiklli tqqbuṛ tuzduɣt n middn ad g idrarn n Waṭlaṣ mqquṛn d uzaɣaṛ n tasawt, ula timlsa n lɛammt qqbuṛnt, timlsa da izdin s ufgan d tudrt ns takuyasst zdint ula s tdlsa d usgd d uswir n tudrt n ufgan g tmazirt ns. Tamṭṭi tamaziɣt tmzaday bdda s usgd tusutin f tusutin ɣad a yuddjan tamatart f tɣarast n imaziɣn g tmlsa, lɛammt ur tgi taẓuṛi n usurar d uzzray n uzmaz, macc tga yat tẓuṛi tamaddudt n usfuglu, ɣad a yaddjan timlsa n irgazn ula nttnti ad gnt sg yan wanaw d talɣa d imcackan d usfuglu amaddud n imaziɣn.

Timlsa n urgaz amaziɣ ar ttggant yat sg snat, a ils tajllabit ɣ wakud n uṣmmiḍ nɣ a ils lfuqqiyya g wakud n tiṛɣi, ig iga sg inmɣuṛn n tmazirt ns ar ilssa aslham. G izmaz da izrin, izmaz n lhif d tassast ikkattin urgaz ar ilssa aɛban nɣ ttcamir, aɛban iga timlsit ittyaɛdaln g tgmmi ur d ikkin agadaz, acku middn ur a darsn ttilin iqqaṛiḍn n uxyyaṭ.

Timlsa n urgaz g uḥwac ur gint iftiln idln tifyyi, ur gint ijɛtan ibbin ur gint tawwri iẓẓḍaṛ a iskr kraygat yan d iwin iɣarasn, macc gant tamatart g talɣa nnsnt d ukʷlu nnsnt, gant timlsa yakkan tannayt iqquzzrn f tudrt n ufgan d uswir ns, gant timlsa iwsin tadlsa n ufgan, gant timyurin iwtn s iẓuṛan g umzruy n ufgan, gant tamatart isawwaln f usgd d tsrtit, gant tmlsa n urgaz g lɛammt amzruy da d fln iqqbuṛn i warraw n ɣass, gant anuflay n urgaz amaziɣ.

Ar lssan irgazn g lɛammt timlsa sg iḍaṛn ar ixf, ku timlsit tmsacka d d tayyaḍ, ar lssan : 
Idukan : aduku amaziɣ ittyawssan s ukʷlu nns awṛaɣ, ɣayann af irgazn ar lssan g lɛammt aduku awṛaɣ. Idrus ig tlla kra n trabbut n lɛammt g lsan irgazn aduku umlil nɣ aduku da izwwqn.
Ttqqacṛ: g uzmz aqqbuṛ ur issin yan is ar lssan imaziɣn ttqqacṛ nɣ uhu acku ur illi kra n usaɣul ittyaran fllasnt isawwaln macc ɣaṣṣa ur tlli kra n lɛamt g ur lsin irgazn ttqqacṛ d idukan, ar lssan ttqqacṛ tumlilin, idrus ig lsan ttqqacṛ g kra n ukʷlu yaḍni.
Tajllabit: tajllabit tga sg timyurin tiqqbuṛin n imaziɣn, ur illi ufgan amaziɣ war tajllabit slawan g tmizar n udrar, acku tga timlsit n uṣmmiḍ. Ar sgiddin imaziɣn tajllabit sg taḍuḍ afad a tṛɣ d afad a fllasn tasi aṣmmiḍ. Lɛammt d nttat ur tskir kra n uzmz, tẓẓḍaṛ a tili g tgrst nɣ g unbdu azmz n tiṛɣi, ɣayad af ad lssan irgazn tijlluba g lɛammt akud nna illa uṣmmiḍ.
Lfuqqiyya: ar ttili lɛammt g unbdu, azmz n tiṛɣi, mayad a ittajjan irgazn g lɛammt ad lsn lfuqqiyya ifssusn g uklu umlil nɣ awṛaɣ. 
Ssrwal (nɣ akarbay(mzɣ) https://web.archive.org/web/20230113185446/https://amawal.net/akarbay) aqqnḍṛiṣi: irgazn ur ad lssan tajllabit d lfuqqiyya waḥdutnt, ar asnt lssan sg izdar ssrwal ilan akʷlu n tjllabit nɣ n lfuqqiyya, g ma iggutn ar ittgga ssrwal aqqnḍṛiṣi. 
Taṛẓẓit nɣ acddad: ixf d nttan ur at iffal urgaz iɛrra g lɛammt, ar as lssan taṛẓẓit g ukʷlu n tjllabit. Ar as ttinin infḍwak taṛẓẓit nɣ acddad.
Ttagiyya: sg tmlsa n ixf, ar lssan irgazn ula ttagiyya g ukʷlu d imcackan d tmlsa yaḍni.
Aslham: tẓẓḍaṛ lɛammt att skrn irgazn ula s uslham ar t lssan sg uflla n tjallabit d lfuqqiyya. 
Lkʷmmit: lʷmmit tga sg timyurin n imaziɣn ar tt sattin irgazn ditsn g izmaz n imnɣi ula g uzmz n ufra allig tga sg tmyurin n tmlsa n ufgan amaɣ. Lkʷmmit dar imaziɣn ur sul tgi ka timlsit nɣ sslaḥ, macc turri tga tamatart n tamɣṛt d tattuyt n waddad n urgaz g wammas n tqqbilt ns, ayad a yujjan lkʷmmit ad tg yat sg tmlsa n lɛammt, acku lɛammt tga azmz lli g ad immala urgaz ifx ns i tqqbilt.
Azrur: iga sg tmlsa n irgazn ar ittyalsa f iɣiṛ macc ar ittaggʷz ar lḥzam, akʷlu ns ar ittili g uzggʷaɣ waḥdut nɣ ar gis ttilin tugt n ikʷlan zun aẓṛwal, azgzaw d uɣmi. Ar ittyaxdam uzrur sg taḍuṭt d tugt n tqqaṛiḍin mẓẓinin, ku ifilu n taḍaḍt ar dis ttyazday yat tqqaṛiḍt bac akud nna ittmussu a isawwal ( a iskar imsli, imsli n tqqaṛiḍin).

 Timlsa n tmɣarin 
Timlsa n tmɣaṛt tamaziɣt ttyawssant mas gant timyurin iwtn s iẓuṛan g umzruy, ku tamazirt ar gis ttmmẓlaynt tmlsa n tmɣaṛt g ikʷlan d talɣa. Tamɣaṛt tamaziɣt g inmuggarn inamunn ar tlssa tmɣaṛt timlsa da dars ifulkin, tida d imcackan d usfuglu da illan, zun tamɣṛa dars timlsa ns, lislam, asbrrk nɣ kra n usfuglu izdin s tmyurin. 

Lɛammt tga yat tẓuṛi izdin bahra s urgaz, illa ma ittinin mas lɛammt tga ɣar taẓuṛi n irgazn nɣ "aḥwac n irgazn", ɣayan af a ittidrus ig tkcm tmɣaṛt lɛammt, ig awkk kcmnt tmɣarin lɛammt ar ttili yat nɣ snat tmɣarin ur a ttggʷutn, ar lssant timlsa ur asnt yakkan tiṭṭ g wammas n lɛammt. G dar infḍwak ar kccmnt tmɣarin lɛammt ig ur illi ubṛṛaniTugga n lamin n trabbut n Ixrrazn, Surn, ayt flalaḍ, infḍwak, 2023 , akud nna illa ubṛṛani ur a kccmnt tmɣarin lɛammt ar tturarn irgazn waḥdutn. 
Ig kcmnt tmɣarin lɛammt ar lssant ar lssant :
Tawnza nɣ taẓṛẓit : tawnza tga sg tmlsa n ixf ar ttili f tamult n tmɣaṛt ar tt tlssa sg nnig lqqṭib nɣ nnig tmlḥaft, tawnza ur tgi ttub macc tga anas nɣ ar ttyaɛdal sg nnqqṛt d kra n umɣuz yaḍni ilan atig, ar ittgga ukʷlu ns amɣiɣd iddan s umlil. Tawnza ar as aqqran g kra n tmizar s tẓṛẓit zun dar infḍwak d iɣjdamn.
Tamlḥaft: tga yat tgzzumt n ttub ittyalsan f ixf tggʷz ar lzam, ar ittgga ukʷlu ns umlil, ar ttyalsa sg nnig lqqṭib, ar fllas ttyalsa twnza.
Lqqmiṣ: iga timlsit n tfgga n tmɣaṛt, ar tt issntal sg umggʷṛḍ ar iḍaṛn ar iṭṭṛaḥa akal, ar sgis d ttbanan ɣir idukan s imiqq. Akʷlu n lqqmiṣ ar ittgga yan nɣ ar gis ttilin tugt n ikʷlan, azggʷaɣ, awṛaɣ, azgzaw nɣ awkk aẓṛwal. Ar iskar lqqmis lḥzam iḍnin s imiqq.
Lqqṭib: ittwassn dar tmɣaṛt tamaziɣt s ukʷlu ns azggaɣ immrksn s kra n ikʷlan yaḍni imadrasn zun azgzaw d uwṛaɣ. Iga lqqṭib sg tmlsa n ixf macc ar ittaggʷz d udm ar idmarn, yaggʷz daɣ sg ḍaṛt ar iɣṛaḍ ittrs f lqqmiṣ. Iga lqqṭib yat sg tmatarin n tmlsit tamaziɣt.
Idukan: ar asn ttinint tmɣarin n infḍwak "lblɣt", lblɣt s wawwal n infḍwak tga tayyuga i idukan, sin idukan.

 Imassn n Lɛammt 
Urar ur a ittgga taẓuṛi abla ig fllas ikcm ummrks, ammrks n wawwal zun nnḍm nɣ irir, ammrks n urar s ixf ns d ummrks n imassn d ifassn. Imassn nutni ar ttrnun tifiras n tẓuṛi i kraygat tawwri zun ig nenna tiṛṛuyṣa, at ur tlli tiṛṛuyṣa bla rribab, ig nenna taẓnẓaṛt, at ur tlli kra n tẓnẓaṛt bla lbanju, ig nenna aḥidus at ur illi kra n uḥidus bla tallunt. Ɣmklli gant akkʷ tẓuṛiwin ad, ad tga ula lɛammt, dars imassn ns srs iẓlin, d ur tẓḍaṛ ad tili abla ig llan. Imassn n lɛammt ur rad gnt kra n imassn d ikkan bṛṛa i tmazirt n imaziɣn, acku ku taẓuṛi ar tt skarn id mulas s ɣaylli darsn g tmuzar nnsn, ur tlli kra n tẓuṛi g waṭlaṣ issmrasn imassn n Uṛuppa nɣ n Marikan, taẓuṛi n tmazirt tlla s imassn n tmazirt. Imassn n lɛammt gan tawwri n ifassn n imaziɣn ar tn tthyyan sg ilmawn n imudar n darsn, willi darsn illan g tmazirt, zun ilm n waɣɣaḍ, ilm n umugay nɣ afunas, ilm ulli, ur a ikccm g ushyyu n imassn ad abla tiwwuriwin n tmazirt. Mayad aiga tamatart mas taẓuṛi ad tga taẓuṛi n tmazirt ur d tkki kra n mani yaḍni acku sg imassn ns ur llin g kra n tmazirt yaḍni abla tamazirt n lɛammt.
Tallunt (nɣ ṭṭaṛt): tallunt tga sg imassn da illan g tugt n tẓuṛiwin timaziɣin, tlla g lɛammt, aḥidus, taḥidust, aḥwac d tugt n tẓuṛiwin yaḍni. Imiss iga yan macc assmrs imzaray, imzaray wawwal n tallunt g uḥwac f wawwal ns g uḥidus d lɛammt. Tallunt urd tkki bṛṛa i tmazirt macc tga illis n wakal ns zun id bab ns, acku tlla bdda g kraygat asfuglu igit win usli, taslit nɣ win tazzant mẓẓin. Tallunt dars tugt n ismawn, ar as aqqran middn s "tallunt", "allun"  "ṭṭaṛt"/ "ṭṭaṛṭ" nɣ awkk "lbndir" g kra n tasgiwin.  Tamgurihttps://web.archive.org/web/20230120222122/https://amawal.net/tamguri n tallunt ur a ttḍalab  ma iggutn, ar gis kccmnt mnnaw n tɣawsiwin nẓẓḍaṛ a naf g kraygat usun, tsɣawsa s kṛaḍt tɣawsiwin : ilm, akccuḍ d mnnaw n tqqaṛiḍin n uzzal. Ilm ar ittgga win waɣɣaḍ nɣ win ulli/tixsi nɣdd awkk win tfunast, ar as ttkksn azzar xdmnt bahra g dar udbbaɣ nɣ ar ittyaxdam g tgmmi ar t ttxdamnt tmɣarin; akccuḍ ar ittgga win uzmmur acku akccuḍ n uzmmur iṣḥa ur a ittṛṛẓa; tiqqaṛiḍin d nttnti ar ttyaxdamnt dar umzil n usun, ar tnt ittxdam ɣiklli ittxdam tasila, timgrt, imgr, talkkawsut d akkʷ ismmwad n tfllaḥt n ayt tmazirt. Assmrshttps://web.archive.org/web/20230120222123/https://amawal.net/ssemres n tallunt ula nttan iẓli, ur att ikkat bab n lɛammt akud nna ira, macc iqqand ad zwar tṛɣ, ayt lɛammt ar ssrɣan zwar lɛfit urta tbdi lɛammt afad zwar ad ssrɣn tallunt, ar srasn tallunt tama  n lɛfit arig tḥma ilma ddun srs dar lɛammt, nɣ ig tlla tafukt, ar srasn tallunt g tafukt arig tḥma ilma ar srs tturarn. Tallunt ar zwar tṛqqa afad a srs urarn lɛammt acku amukris ad ikkad ilm da sg ttyaɛdal, akud nna ikrm lḥal ar ittmunu ur sul a yakka imsli ifulkin, ɣayad af iqqand a zwar iṛɣ g tuddma n urar n lɛammt. Amukris ad n ilm a yuddjan kra n trubba ad ssmrasn tallunt tatrart mqqar ur a tskar zun tawwri n tallunt taqqbuṛt.
Ganga : ar ittgga yan g lɛammt acku ar yakka imsli icddan mliḥ. tẓẓḍaṛ ad tili lɛammt bla n ayli ganga ula bab n ganga. Tagmguri n ganga ur tcqqi, ar ttili s tɣarast n tallunt, ar gis ittyassmras ilm n imudar d ukccuḍ n uzmmur, macc g ma iggutn ar ittgga ilm win tfunast nɣ igiz, acku ilm n waɣɣaḍ d win ulli imẓẓi f ganga. 

 Asuds d usnmala n irgazn d tmɣarin g lɛammt 
Lɛammt tga asfuglu ismunan tugt n middn, irgazn d tmɣarin. Akud nna tlla lɛammt ku yan ar iṭṭamẓ aḍɣaṛ ns, ur tlli tbdda n mxamma g wammas n tẓuṛi ad igan taqqbuṛt, igan taẓuṛi da s ad tmmala ku taqqbilt takbṛanit ns d tattuyt n waddur ns. G lɛammt ar ttbddadn irgazn yan tama n yan, ar skarn adur iɣzzifn, kra s a ittɣzzifi wadur ad kra s atthyyab lɛammt, ur a ittili wadur dat wayyaḍ, ar ittili yan wadur mqqar iɣzzif a gis tili kkuẓ id mraw nɣ uggar n urgaz. Dat adur ad n irgazn ar gis ittbddad yan urgaz da iṣwagʷn lɛammt ar as ttinin "aɛllam" nɣ "lamin" n lɛammt ar ittgga kra n urgaz imqqurn da issn ittcyyx g lɛammt, dars didas amzruy iggʷutn. G tama n umɣaṛ n lɛammt ar ittili buganga, ar yakka s taynnit i umɣaṛ macc ar gis isaqqul bac at iḍfaṛ, ar yakka buganga s udm ns i wadur n lɛammt, adur n irgazn.

Lɛammt tga g ma iggutn taẓuṛi n irgazn, ar ittidrus ig tt kcmnt tmɣarin, ar tt kccmnt s uṭṭun imẓẓin: yat nɣ snat ig ggʷutnt. Timɣaṛin da ikccmn lɛammt ar asnt ittili uḍɣaṛ da tnt id iqqannd, ur ẓẓḍaṛnt ad bddant g dinna ukan rant. Ar ttbddadnt dat nɣ mgal adur n irgazn, ku yat ar ttbddad s ixf ns ur ad ttnmalant g tbdda, ku yat ar ttili g yat tsga; yat tmɣaṛt ar ttibdad f ufasi n lamin yat f uẓlmaḍ ns. Nɣ ar ittili ig tlla yat tmɣaṛt g lɛammt ar ttbddad waḥdutt d ixf ns.

 Tanḍḍamt g ugʷns n Lɛammt 
Afgan amaziɣ imzaday bdda g tmyurin d twrglin ns s nnḍm d tdyazt, ur ad dars izrri kra n uznmzzu war tnḍḍamt, nnḍm iga dars taysi ilan atig, taysi isattin s waddur n tudrt tadlsant ns. Tanḍḍamt ur tgi awal ihwnn, ur iẓḍaṛ kraygat yan ad inḍm. 
Tanḍḍamt g Lɛammt ar ttmzaday d wanaw n uznmzzu, is iga asrtan, amunan (zun litihal) nɣ win kra n wannaz. Ar ittnḍam lamin n lɛammt i uznmzzu d i mddn ḥaḍṛnin.

Amdya n tnḍḍamt:

Tanḍḍamt ad tzdi s bab n uznmzzu da isnubbgn trabbut g dars, nẓẓḍaṛ ad nini mas iwaliwn ad gan iwaliwn nɣ taguri n usnimmr i bab n tgmmi.

Amdya yaḍnin n tnḍḍamt:

 Ayt lɛammt 
Urar n lɛammt ur isɣawsa s usmuttg nɣ s tɣri, lɛammt tga darsn yat sg twwuriwin tikuyassin g tudrt nnsn, ku aḍwwaṛ nɣ ku mnnawt n iḍuṛan ar smunan yat trabbut n lɛammt, ar gis ttilin imẓẓayn d imqqṛan ur illi kra n uwtay igan win ukccum s lɛammt.

Mass Bṛahim Ctuta iga amdya n mddn da itturarn lɛammt.

 Lɛammt: taẓuṛi tanammast gr Uḥidus d Uḥwac 
Imaziɣn s umata zdin s tẓuṛi, ku aqqbil ila yat talɣa srs iẓlin, ar nttafa Aḥidus dar iqqbiln n Ẓayyan, aḥwac dar iqqbiln n Sus. G wammas n uqqbil ar ttmzaray tẓuṛi sg usun s wayyaḍ macc ar tɣamant tifras mas ad ttisint mas taẓuṛi ad tga sg talɣa ad nɣ tayyaḍ. Aḥwac n Ẓayyan ittyawssan s ṭṭaṛat, aslham d wadur n tmɣarin d irgazn, ittyawssan ula s taẓayt ns; aḥwac ittyawssan s irir n ufus, tazzla ns d talɣa n imḥwacn da ittggan g ma iggutn taẓayṛt d ar gis ttmmrkasn irgazn s tmɣarin; Lɛammt tkka ingratsn, ttyawssan s wadur n irgazn, ṭṭaṛat d taẓayt zun aḥidus, ttyawssan ula s tmlsa, nnḍm d Ganga zun aḥwac. Nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas aḥidus iga taẓuṛi n Ẓayyan nɣ n waṭlaṣ mẓẓin, Aḥwac iga taẓuṛi n Sus, Lɛammt tga taẓuṛi n infḍwak, aṭlaṣ mqquṛn.أحواش:الرقص والغناء الجماعي بسوس،عادات وتقاليد، أحمد بوزيد الكنساني، 1996 رقصة أحيدوس: بين المحلية ودينامية التحول، فاطمة بوخريص، منشورات المعهد الملكي للثقافة الأمازيغية، 2010 إماريرن: مشاهير شعراء احواش في القرن العشرين، أحمد عصيد، منشورات المعهد الملكي للثقافة الأمازيغية، 2011

 Isaɣuln     
Tamsmunt n "Tizi n lxir", aḍwwaṛ n Ixrrazn, Surn, tanara n Fṭwaka
Tamsmunt n "Aḥwac iḥuddjin", tagrawt n tidili-fṭwaka, tanara n Fṭwaka
Tamsmunt n "Igʷnan Dmnat",Dmnat