Taqrṭajt

Taqrṭajt niɣ d Qrṭaj tga s yat tklit awank d tiɣrmt Tafiniqt ɣ taɣart n yill n tfriqt tagafant (ɣilli ɣ tlla Tuns ɣilad), tkka tt inn tga imili akkʷ issugrn, lli akkʷ idusn, akkʷ iflin ɣ kullu mad issutln i  yill agrakal.  

Ibḍa umzruy nns s smmus n izmaz, ad tn igan d ɣwid:  

 Taqrṭajt taqburt (Tagdudant Tabuniq), gr 814 ar 146 DT
 Taqrṭajt Taṛmmuyt, gr 146 ar 439.
 Taqrṭajt Tawndalust, gr 439 ar 534.
 Taqrṭajt Tabizanṭit, gr 534 ar 698.
 Taqrṭajt Tamuslmt, gr 698 ar 1270.

 Ism 
Tga "Tqrṭajt" yan usmazɣ i tguri "Qart Ḥadact" iga unamk nns: "Tiɣrmt Tamaynut". Igrikn fkan as ism n -{Karchedon}- lli rad sul tg dar Yiṛmmuyn -{"Cartajo}-".

 Amzruy 

 Tuṣka n tɣrmt 
Tettyawbna Tqrṭajt ɣ usggʷas n 814 DT s ifassn n yat tgldunt Tafiniqt ism as "Didu" (mqqar illa yan umrara n wawal iggutn f tilit nns), tzug tmɣart ad s tmazirt n Yimaziɣn acku f tmurrant da iskar gʷmas Pigmalyun ɣ tmazirt n ma iga ɣassad Lubnan.  

Aflla n yat twrirt taggʷyilel n yill agrakal a ɣ tbna "Didu" tiɣrmt n Tqrṭajt, tg nn gis yan uftas imẓẓiyn ar gis tbddadn iɣrrubba, tmmuss gis tsbbabt. 
vignette|Isagurn n Tqrṭajt
Rad tssnti tɣrmt n Didu ad ttimɣur kud lli rad d srs ackn yat tgrumma n imzwagn Yifinqn dffir uslak n Walikṣanḍr Azarraf i tɣrmt n Ẓuṛ illan ɣ Lubnan ɣ usggʷas 332DT. Awin d ditsn akkʷ ayda nnsn. Imikk s imikk rad tiwrri Tqrṭajt tga yan iɣrm iflujjan illan d ugayyu nns.

Iqrtajn rad  darsn tili yat tzdayt tamyaɣt d Yimaziɣn (Ayt tmazirt) slawan gisn taqbilt n Masaysili (Masaesyli) igan yat tqbilt Tanumidt, lli rad tg yan ugzzum ɣ tsrdast nnsn, gn gis kra n imnayn cwanin. Ɣakud ann ilmma rad tftu Tqrṭajt aylliɣ tumẓ mad ur idrusn ɣ ikaln, ɣ tfriqt n ugafa tlkm ar Andalus. Tg xtalli akkʷ issugrn, d tnbɣurt n tmizar n uwzan agrakal.

 Imiɣn ibuniqn 
Tlla yat tgzirt tama n iṭalya ism as Tasqillit, tkka tt inn ttyawbḍa ngr tnbaḍt n Ṛuma ɣ yat tsga, d tin Tqrṭajt ɣ tsga yaḍni, ɣaylli yadda isrgn ɣ yan imiɣ da as ssaɣn ism n "Imiɣn Ibuniqn" lli ganin yat tsrslt n imiɣn ngr sin iwunak ad, imiɣn-ad gan kṛaḍ ɣ wuṭṭun, d rad ggurun s yan ufrag Aṛmmuy i Tqrṭajt ikkan kṛaḍ n isggʷasn d lliɣ rad jdrn Yirmmuyn akkʷ mad illan ɣ Tɣrmt tg ilmma ɣar iɣd.
Imaziɣn illa darsn yan yiḍiṣ bahra mqqurn ɣ imiɣn-ad.
vignette|Asfris n Ḥanibaɛl, tasnniɣt n Lufr 

 Taqrṭajt Taṛmmuyt 
Ukan ɣilad lliɣ gan Yiṛmmuyn agʷri i Tqrtajt, rad stin yat tɣrmt yaḍni ism as "Utiqa" nttat a rad tg tuẓẓumt n tnbaḍt nnsn, rad iɣama waddad f ɣik ad ar azmz n Yulyus Qizar lli iskrn ad daɣ ibnu tiɣrmt, smmus n isggʷasn f tmttant nns ha nn Taqrṭajt tbuɣla daɣ, is akkʷ tumẓ adɣar i tɣrmt n Utiqa.  

Ftant tɣawsiwin daɣ f mayann aylliɣ tt zban Yiwndaln ddu ugllid nnsn Gaysrik ɣ usggʷas 439.  
vignette|Azwag n Yiwndaln s Tqrṭajt ɣ uzmz n tmnukda Taṛmmuyt. 

 Taqrṭajt Tawndalit d Tbiẓantiṭ 
Iwndaln utn afus, bbrqcn ssɣ yida astratijiy lli illan dar tmdint n Tqrṭajt afad ad bbin iɣarasn i iɣrubba nna ɣinn zraynin, ar tn ttakʷrn. 
Urmn Yiṛmmuyn ad tt inn daɣ ssaḍun s darsn macc bla amurs, iqqan d fllatsn ɣilad ad ssikdn s tgldit n Yiwandaln i ugzzum ann n Tfriqt n ugafa, skrn ditsn yan ikmrbbi (tamyaqqant) n ufra.  
vignette|Tagldit n Yiwndaln. 
Agllid Awndal amggaru "Glimr" igan Amasiḥiy Aryusiy rad iskr yat tiniɣit i Yimasiḥiyyn Imkṛaḍn, mayad rad nit isfurrg Amnkud Aṛmmuy n ugmmuḍ igan ula ntta Amkṛaḍ, s tmrarut rad as yazn yat tsrdast rad tnru iwndaln s tirxi, tfḍḍu d uṭuf nnsn i tmdnt. 

 Taḍuṛi n Tqrṭajt 
D utwant n Lislam, rad nrun Isrɣinn Ibiẓanṭiyn ɣ tmaɣt n Tqrṭajt, isrɣinn rad nit smrdukkun tamdint, ẓẓun ɣ ibiẓanṭiyn, bnun tamdint n Tuns, rad gis thllun, lliɣ ffuɣn isrɣinn ackin d iwunak imuslmn n Yimaziɣn macc ur as fkin bahra d atig, d ɣ usggʷas n 1270, fln tt akkʷ middn, ur rad sul gis izdɣ ḥtta yan.

 Tisaɣulin