Tuṛuft

Tuṛuft niɣ d Uṛubba (s Tinglizit: Europe, s Tɛrabt: أوروبا) tga yat ɣ sat Tmnẓiwin n umaḍal. Nttat ad kullu gisnt illan ɣ uzgn agafay n twjja tanakalt, tili taggat nns ɣ uzgn n iming. Igli tt ɣ ugafa ugaru Arkti, ɣ utaram Agaru Anaṭlaṣ, ɣ iffus illa as yilel Agrakal, d tmnẓawt n Wasya ɣ iming. Tssar Tuṛuft d Wasya yat tskka n wakal mi ismn Uṛasya, tili daɣ ɣ Afṛu-Urasya d Ifriqya d Asya. Ar ttinin is tbḍa d Asya s idrarn n Uṛal d iɣzr n Ural, d Ilell n Qzwin d idrarn n Quqaz d Ilell Asggan d igṛḍan n Turkya.

Tɣʷi Tuṛuft kra n 10,186,000 km² n isimna, niɣ d 2% sɣ isimna n wakal, ɣayad ad gis iskrn tamnẓawt tis snat s tmẓi. Ɣ igr n tsrtit, tbḍa tmnẓawt ad f 50 n tmizar. Rusya ad akkʷ gisnt imqquṛn, teṭṭaf 39% sɣ isimna n tmnẓawt, d 15% sɣ imzdaɣn nns. Ilkm wuṭṭun n imzdaɣn n Tuṛuft kra n 745 mlyun ɣ 2021 (ini 10% iɣ imzdaɣn n umaḍal); tucka d ɣ wis kraḍ n idawn tiɣrdin Asya d Tafriqt. Anzwi n Urupa ar gis iffal usttif anaṭlaṣ yulban, ayad ar yakka yan unzwi ur ijfin ɣ tagrst d unbdu, ɣ tuggt n tmnẓawt. Kra ar nttaggug ilel, kra ar ttyawmnadn imzarayn n imirn, ar ittili yan unzwi amnẓaw uggar.

Tadlsa n Tuṛuft tsmun mnnawt tdlsiwin tinamurin d tisgawanin, lli ganin iẓuṛan imuẓẓann n tɣrma tutrimt tanflayt. Tadlsiwin ad ar d nit ttiwrrint s Ndi-yunan d Ṛuma n zikk, slawan akkʷ s imḍfarn nnsnt ɣ imasiḥn, gin ilmma zun d iẓuṛan ttyawdranin. Issnti s taḍuṛi n Tmnukda Taṛumanit Tutrimt ɣ usggʷas n 476, assikl n tmasiḥit ɣ Tuṛuft yiwi s uzmz Anammas naf-aklassik d mayad izri ɣ uzmz n izwagn. Tankra Taṭalyanit tkka mnnawt tmizar n tuṛuft tutrimt, tccucka d ixf nns d waddad adɣran, tfk talalit i mnnaw irzuzɣiwn inamurn.

Tanfgant lli daɣ ittyawsnayn tdum taẓuṛi d twssna, ig yan sɣ imntiln lli issiwsn ɣ ummutti s uzmz atrar. Sɣ uzmz n ifitn lli s tzwar Sbanya d ubrtqiz, tsmd Tuṛuft yat twuri imqquṛn ɣ tɣawsiwin timaḍlanin s mnnaw wannagn d islakn ɣ umaḍal. Gr tasut tis 16 d tis 20, sdurrint tiffaɣ tinuṛufin id mirikan s sin, d tuggt n idɣarn ɣ Tfriqt d Usyanya, d umaka n Wasya.

Azmz n Tfawin d Tgrawla Tafransist, d Imnɣitn n Napoléon glin udm n tmnẓawt ɣ igr n twssna d tsrtit d tdamsa sɣ tigira n tasut tis 17 ar azgn amzwaru n tasut tis 19. Tagrawla Tamgurant da issntin ɣ ibr-Briṭanya ɣ tigira n tasut tis 18, tssnti zziɣ d yan unfal aẓuṛan ɣ tdamsa, d twssna, d wamun ur d ka ɣ Tuṛuft n utaram maccan ɣ umaḍal akkʷ. Imnɣitn imaḍlann s sin nkrn, zrin s ma iggutn ɣ Tuṛuft, ɣaylli yiwin, ɣ tuẓẓumt n tasut tis 20, s taḍuṛi n tnbaḍt n Tuṛuft n Utaram f tɣawsiwin timaḍlanin. Ɣ wakud ann ad tbuɣla Tamunt Tasubyant d Iwunak mullinin, mcalan f tirni tasnwngamt d manwa a rad dar yili iḍiṣ agraɣlan iggutn ɣ Tuṛuft d umaḍal. Imnɣi ikrmn lli d sul imaln, ibḍa tt f tiɣzi n usddul n wuzzal, illa NATO ɣ Utaram, tili turfa n Waṛṣu ɣ wiming, Tibḍit tmda s tgrawliwin n 1989, d taḍuṛi n imiri n Birlin, d unfruzzi n Tamunt Tasubyant, ɣaylli iggʷran s uzmyazday n Tuṛuft, iggʷra d nit s yan urdudz imqquṛn.

Izzigz uzmyazday n Tuṛuft s tɣarast tadusturit sɣ usggʷas n 1948 s ussrsl n ugraw n Tuṛuft, ula s umulli anuṛuf (EU) bahra, ig ɣwalli issnbgarn ɣassad taggat n tmizar n tmnẓawt.

 Timizar 
 Assaɣ n tmurt d ucnyul ns  Tajumma (km²) Imzdaɣn (2002)  Imzdaɣn g 1 km²  Tamaẓunt Uṛuppa n ugmuḍ40px Bilaṛuṣ 207 600 10 335 382 49,8Minsk40px|border  Blɣariya 110 910 7 621 337 68,7Ṣufya40px|border  Tagdudant n Čik 78 866 10 256 760 130,1Brag40px Hungarya 93 030 10 075 034 108,3Budabist40px  Muldavya 33 843 4 434 547 131,0Chişinău40px|border  Pulandya 312 685 38 625 478 123,5Warsuwa40px  Rumanya 238 391 21 698 181 91,0Bukarist40px|border  Rusya 3 960 000 106 037 143 26,8Musku40px|border  Ṣluvakiya 48 845 5 422 366 111,0Bratislaba40px  Ukrin 603 700 48 396 470 80,2Kyib Uṛuppa n ugafa40px  Aaland 1 552 26 008 16,8Mariehamn40px|border  Danimark 43 094 5 368 854 124,6Kubenhagen40px|border  Iṣṭuniya 45 226 1 415 681 31,3Tallinn40px|border Tigzirin Faroe (Danmark) 1 399 46 011 32,9Tórshavn40px|border  Finlandya 336 593 5 157 537 15,3Helsinki40px|border  Guernsey 78 64 587 828,0St Peter Port40px|border  Aysland 103 000 307 261 2,7Reykjavík40px|border  Irlanda 70 280 4 234 925 60,3Dublin40px|border  Tigzirt n Man 572 73 873 129 1Douglas40px|border   Jersey 116 89 775 773,9Saint Helier40px Latbya 64 589 2 366 515 36,6Riga40px Litwaniya 65 200 3 601 138 55,2Filniyus40px Nurbij 324 220 4 525 116 14,0Uṣlu40px Swid 449 964 9 090 113 19,7Sṭukulm40px|border Bṛiṭanya 244 820 61 100 835 244,2Lanḍun Uṛuppa n unẓul40px Albanya 28 748 3 600 523 125,2Tirana40px Anḍura 468 68 403 146,2Andorra la Vella40px Buṣniya Hirzigubiniya 51 129 4 448 500 77,5Sarayibu40px|border Kṛuwatiya 56 542 4 437 460 77,7Zagrib40px|border Ğabel Ṭariq (Bṛiṭaniya) 5,9 27 714 4 697,3Ğabel Ṭariq40px|border  Grik 131 940 10 645 343 80,7Aṭin40px|border  Talyan 301 230 58 751 711 191,6Roma40px  Sblyun 504 851 45 061 274 89,3Madrid40px  Tagdudt n Maciḍunya 25 333 2 054 800 81,1Skopje40px|border  Malta 316 397 499 1 257,9Valletta40px  Muntinigṛu 13 812 616 258 44,6Podgorica40px  Brtqqiz 91 568 10 084 245 110,1Liṣbun40px|border  San Marino 61 27,730 454.6San Marino40px|border  Sirbya 88 361 9 663 742 109,4Bilgrad40px|border  Ṣlovinya 20 273 1 932 917 95,3Ljubljana40px|border  Lvatican 0,44 900 2 045,5Lvatikan Uṛuppa n utaram40px|border Uṭṛic 83 858 8 169 929 97,4Byina40px  Bljika 30,510 10,274,595 336.8Bruksel40px|border  Fransa 547 030 59 765 983 109,3Bariz40px  Lalman 357 021 83 251 851 233,2Berlin40px  Liechtenstein 160 32 842 205,3Vaduz40px|border  Luksmburg 2 586 448 569 173,5Luksembur40px|border  Munaku 1,95 31 987 16 403,6Munaku40px|border  Hulanda 41 526 16 318 199 393,0Amstirdam40px  Laswis 41 290 7 507 000 176,8Birn

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