Tutlayt Tamaziɣt Tamzwarut

Tutlayt tamaziɣt taqqburt nɣ tamaziɣt tamzwarut (s tanglizt: -{Proto-Berber, Proto-Libyan}-) tga yat tutlayt tazaykut, nttat a zɣ d ffɣnt tutlayin timaziɣin lli iddrn ass ad. Tkka tt inn tga yat tutlayt tafrusyawit, ayann a f gant tutlayin timaziɣin lli d zgis ffɣnin istis n ɛmmis n tutlayt tamiṣrit d tutlayin tikuciyin d tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin titcadiyin d tutlayin tumuṭiyin.-{Abdl Aziz Alati (2002). Diachronie tamazighte ou berbere (s tfransist). منشورات جامعة عبد المالك السعدي. p. 296. }-ISBN 9981-61-015-1.

 Amzruy 
Tṭṭaf tutlayt Tamaziɣt Tamzwarut kra n tɣawsiwin nna ur illin ɣ tutlayin tifrusyawiyin yaḍnin, macc tutlayin timaziɣin n ɣil ad mmrwasnt bahra ɣ ingratsn. Tbayn d tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣar 3000 isggʷasn aya mqqar tbḍa f Tutlayin tifrusyawiyint gr 9000 d 10,000 n isggʷasn aya. Iɣ d-nucka ad nẓṛ mad tettini tussna n usmzazal n tutlayin d umzruy-{Militarev, A. (1984), "Sovremennoe sravnitel'no-istoricheskoe afrazijskoe jazykoznanie: chto ono mozhet dat' istoricheskoj nauke?", Lingvisticheskaja rekonstrukcija i drevnejshaja istorija Vostoka, Moscow, pp. 3–26, 44–5}-, rad imassann nnan mas tzri tutlayt ad f sin tikliwin n tmhazt, ad tn igan-{Louali & Philippson 2003, "Les Protoméditerranéens Capsiens sont-ils des protoberbères ? Interrogations de linguiste.", GALF (Groupement des Anthropologues de Langue Française), Mrrakc، 22-25 Cutanbir 2003.}-

↑:

 Tamaziɣt tamzwarut 1 (-{PB1}-) nna yumann kra n 7000 n isggʷasn aya.
 Tamaziɣt tamzwarut 2 (-{PB2}-) tad tga illis n (PB1), d nttat a ɣ d uckant akkʷ tutlayin timaziɣin lli sul illan ɣil-ad.

Ɣ tasut tis 30 dat n tlalit n Ɛisa, bḍan middn lli sawalnin s tmaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ tfriqt n ugafa gr Lmɣrib d Miṣra. Ɣ tasut tis 10 dat ad iggz Ɛisa, ijṛa yan ttawassuɛ yaḍn nttan ad aɣ iskrn ma mi nttini ɣila igdudn imaziɣn lli nn izmmimn ɣ dar irumiyn. Ijra ttawassuɛ iggʷran ɣ yifḍ d kra ḍart Ɛisa, lliɣ nnucgn imuzaɣ nɣ itwargiyn lli yumẓn ɣila tanzruft imqqurn n tfriqt lli mi nttini Ṣṣaḥra.-{Heine 2000, p. 292.}-

 Allas n tuṣka 
Allas n tuṣka n iẓmuẓẓal iqqburn n tmaziɣt ibidd f usmzazal d tutlayin tifrsyawanin yaḍnin ɣ mnnaw iẓmuẓẓal, ibdd daɣ f usmzazal gr timzarayin n tutlayin timaziɣin titrarinGaland, L. 1988, "Le berbère" in Les langues dans le monde ancien et moderne, III, les langues chamito-sémitiques, ed. by Jean Pierrot & David Cohen, Paris, éditions CNRS, 207–242. nɣ d tmacaɣt nna igan, ɣ tannayt n kra n imrzutn zun d PrassePrasse, Karl-G. 1973–74. Manuel de grammaire touarègue (tahaggart). Copenhague: Akademisk forlag., tamzarayt lli bahra yaryn timẓlay n tmaziɣt tamzwarut.

 Tasnmslit 
Ɣ wallas n tuṣka n Kaṛl G. Pras d Martn Kuṣman, tamaziɣt tamzwarut kkan tt inn dars kraḍ iɣritn gzzulnin /ă/, /ĭ/, /ŭ/ d kkuẓ ɣzzifnin /ā/, /ī/, /ū/ d /ē/. Tugdutin nnsn ɣ tmaziɣt tatrart:
+Tugdutin n iɣritn n Tmaziɣt Tmzwarut ɣ tmaziɣin titrarinKossmann, Maarten (2001a), "L'origine du vocalisme en zénaga de Mauritanie", in Ibriszimow, Dymitr; Vossen, Rainer (eds.), Etudes berbères, pp. 89–95*Tamaziɣ 
TamzwarutTaẓnagtTamacaɣt /
TaɣdimstTamaziɣt n
ugafay*ăăăə*ĭĭəə*ŭŭəə*āăaa*ēĭei*īĭii*ūŭuu
Tṭṭaf Tɣdimst d Tmacɣt yan uɣri yaḍnin /o/ nna irwas is iga tazzigzt zɣ /u/ s tmsasit n uɣri ɣ Tmacɣt, tkk d *aʔ ɣ Tɣdimst.

 Tirgalin 
Da ittals Kuṣman tuṣka i trgalin n Tmaziɣt Tamzwarut:
AnawAncucanUglan/Adluglanimḍfṛ-udlugl./
AnɣanUlwiɣanIlḍṭanAgranzazanArsitanAnkaraArsitanAttwancucUnzirmmːn̪n̪ːAggaɣt̪
d̪t̪ː
d̪ːd̪ˤd̪ːˤc?
ɟ?cː?
ɟː?k
gkː
gːɢqːʔAmryanf
βfːs̪
z̪s̪ː
z̪ːz̪ˤz̪ːˤAznaɣrijdʒ:wgːʷImidisl̪l̪ːAsmamayr̪r̪ː
Mkda iga lḥal g tmaziɣin titrarin, tugt n trgalin n tmaziɣt tamzwarut ṭṭafnt tugdut tamsasit tussidt, gin imslitn *β d *ʔ islidn waḥdu tn.

Ɣ amant trgalin *ɟ d *g ẓlint g kra n tutlayin tijanatin:
+Tamaziɣt
TamzwarutTam.Taɣd.Tarif.Tacnw.*ɟgɟʒʒ*ggɟyg
Ɣmk ann d kra n *c n Tmaziɣt Tamzwarut lli ittggan k ɣ kra n tutlayin ur ginin n Tijanatin, ig š ɣ Tjanat (maca llan mnnawt tugdutin tirluganin).

S umdya, căm "kmm (unti asuf)" ar ittaɣul šəm. (Asnfl ad ar ittjṛu ɣ Tnfust d Tsiwit dɣ nttnti).

ɣ tutlayin Timaziɣin tigmuḍanin:

 dˤ → tˤ

*-əβ ɣ tmaziɣt taqqburt yaɣul d -i ɣ Tjanat (Taznatit)See also Maarten Kossmann, "Les verbes à i finale en zénète" Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine", Etudes et Documents Berbères 13, 1995, pp. 99–104.. S umdya, *arəβ "ara" ar ittaɣul ari. (Asnlf ad ar ittjṛu ɣ kra n tmzarayin n waṭlas anammas, slawant akkʷ tantala n Iẓiyyan, ɣ Infusn d Tsiwit.)

Ɣar Taɣdimst d Twilant ka ad yaryn afunim n tmaziɣt tamzwarut *β am βKossmann 1999:61.; Ɣ tmaziɣin yaḍnin, ar tettaɣul h nɣ tafuḍ.

 Ẓṛ uggar 

 Tifinaɣ
 Tutlayin timaziɣin
 Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin

 Tinidlisn 
 -{Allati, Abdelaziz (2002). Diachronie tamazighte ou berbere (en francés). Publications de L'Universite Abdelmalek Essaâdi. p. 296. ISBN 9981-61-015-1.}-
 -{Blench, R. (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Rowman Altamira. p. 361. ISBN 0-7591-0466-2.}-
 -{Boukouss, Ahmed (2009). Phonologie de l'amazigh. Institut Royal de la Culture Amazigh. p. 445. ISBN 9954-28-019-7. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2013.}-
 -{Ehret, Christopher (1995). Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian): vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary. University of California Press. p. 557. ISBN 0-520-09799-8.}-
 -{Heath, Jeffrey (2005). A grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali). Walter de Gruyter. p. 745. ISBN 3-11-018484-2.}-
 -{Heine, Bernd; Derek Nurse (2000). African languages: an introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 396. ISBN 0-521-66629-5.}-
 -{Kossmann, Maarten (2001a), «L'origine du vocalisme en zénaga de Mauritanie», en Ibriszimow, Dymitr; Vossen, Rainer, eds., Etudes berbères, pp. 89-95}-
 -{Kossmann, Maarten (2001b), «The Origin of the Glottal Stop in Zenaga and its Reflexes in the other Berber Languages», Afrika und Übersee 84: 61-100}-
 -{König, Christa (2008). Case in Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 343. ISBN 0-19-923282-2.}-
 -{Prasse, Karl G. (1972-1974). Manuel de grammaire touarègue (tăhăggart) 3. Copenhagen.}-

 Izdayn n brra 

 -{Proto-Berber etymologies (Alexander Militarev)}-
 -{Berber languages and Berber peoples: genetic and linguistic diversity}-
 -{Berber languages}- — -{PDF (4.2 MB)}-
 -{Proto-Berber kindship words}- — -{PDF (23.8 KB)}-
 Tisaɣulin 

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