پاڪستان ۾ عالمي ورثي واري ماڳن جي فهرست

گڏيل قومن جي تعليمي، سائنسي ۽ ثقافتي تنظيم (يونيسڪو) عالمي ورثي وارا ماڳ ثقافتي يا قدرتي ورثي لاءِ اھم جڳھون آھن جيئن يونيسڪو جي عالمي ورثي واري ڪنوينشن، جيڪا 1972ع ۾ قائم ڪيو ويو، ۾ بيان ڪئي ويون آھن. ثقافتي ورثو يادگارن، جهڙوڪ آرڪيٽيڪچرل ڪم، يادگار مجسما، يا لکت، عمارتن جا گروپ ۽ ماڳن (بشمول آثار قديمه جا ماڳ) تي مشتمل آهي. قدرتي خاصيتون (طبيعي ۽ حياتياتي جوڙجڪ تي مشتمل)، جيولوجيڪل ۽ فزيوگرافڪ فارميشن (جنهن ۾ جانورن ۽ ٻوٽن جي خطري واري نسل جي رهائش به شامل آهن) ۽ قدرتي ماڳ جيڪي سائنس، تحفظ يا قدرتي حسن جي نقطي نظر کان اهم آهن، انهن کي قدرتي ورثي طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي. پاڪستان 23 جولاءِ، 1976ع تي ڪنوينشن جي تصديق ڪئي ۽ ان جي ماڳن کي فهرست ۾ شامل ڪرڻ لاءِ اهل بڻايو ويو.

پاڪستان ۾ يونيسڪو جي عالمي ورثي واري ماڳن ۾  6 ماڳ آهن ۽ وڌيڪ 26 ماڳ عارضي فهرست ۾ شامل آهن. پهرين ٽن ماڳن کي 1980ع ۾ درج ڪيو ويو، موئن جو دڙو ۾ آثار قديمه جا آثار، تخت ڀائي جا ٻڌ ڌرم جا آثار ۽ پاڙيسري شهر بهلول ۽ ٽيڪسيلا جا آثار. ٻه ماڳ 1981ع ۾ درج ڪيا ويا ۽ فهرست ۾ سڀ کان تازو ماڳ روهتاس قلعو، سال 1997ع ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو. سڀئي ڇهه ماڳ ثقافتي آهن.

عالمي ورثي جا ماڳ
يونيسڪو ڏهن معيارن جي تحت ماڳن کي عالمي ورثي واري ماڳن جي فهرست ۾ شامل ڪري ٿي؛ هر داخلو گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هڪ معيار کي پورو ڪرڻ گهرجي. معيار (i) کان (vi) ثقافتي آھن ۽ (vii) کان (x) قدرتي آھن. 

+  ماڳ عڪس مقام  سال (جڏهن  فهرست ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو) يونيسڪو جو شمار  تفصيلموهن جو دڙو جا قديم آثار150px|alt=Ancient ruins, including several brick walls سنڌ 1980ع 138؛ (ii) ۽ (iii) (ٿقافتي) موهن جو دڙو سنڌو ماٿريءَ جي سڀ کان وڏي شهرن مان هڪ هو ۽ ڏکڻ ايشيا جو پهريون رٿيل شهر هو. سنڌو درياهه جي ڪناري تي واقع آهي، اهو 2500 ق.م ۽ 1500 ق.م جي وچ ۾ وڌيو. شهر گهڻو ڪري پڪل سرن سان ٺهيل هو ۽ سخت گرڊ پلان جي پيروي ڪئي وئي هئي. اتي عوامي حمام، اناج جا گودام ۽ هڪ وسيع پاڻي جي نيڪال جو نظام هو. ٿر جي مٿان ٻي صدي عيسوي ۾ ٻڌمت جو اسٽوپا تعمير ڪيو ويو. ماڳ تي کوٽائي 1922ع کان جاري آهي، شهر جو اٽڪل ٽيون حصو اڃا تائين دريافت ڪيو ويو آهي. ٽيڪسلا 150px|alt=Remains of a Buddhist stupa and an information board in front پنجاب 1980ع 139؛ (iii) ۽ (vi) (ٿقافتي) ٽيڪسلا، جيڪو اڳ ۾ ئي نيولٿڪ دور ۾ آباد هو، پنجين صدي قبل مسيح ۽ ٻي صدي عيسوي جي وچ ۾ ٻڌ ڌرم جي سکيا جو هڪ اهم مرڪز هو. آثار قديمه واري ماڳ ۾ چار آبادين جا باقيات شامل آهن جيڪي ماڳ جي شهري ترقي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا. هي شهر شاهراهه ريشم جي هڪ شاخ تي واقع هو ۽ هخامنشي (قديم ايراني)  ۽ هيلينسٽڪ (قديم يوناني) سلطنتن کان متاثر هو. "ڀر دڙو" 326 قبل مسيح ۾ سڪندر اعظم جي ٽيڪسلا ۾ داخل ٿيڻ سان لاڳاپيل آهي. ڪجهه يادگارن ۾ جولين منسٽر، موهرا مرادو اسٽوپا، ڌرماراجيڪا اسٽوپا، جنڊيال ڪمپليڪس ۽ سرڪپ جو شهر (تصوير ۾ ڏنل سائيٽ تي اسٽوپا جا باقيات) شامل آهن. تخت ڀائي ۾ ٻڌ ڌرم وارا کنڊر ۽ پاڙيسري شھر بهلول جا باقيات  150px|alt=Ancient ruins in a hilly area خيبر پختونخوا  1980ع 140؛ (iv)
(ثقافتي) تخت ڀائي جي ٻڌ ڌرم جي خانقاهه (تصوير ۾) پهرين صدي عيسوي ۾ ٺهرائي وئي ۽ ستين صدي عيسويءَ تائين استعمال ۾ رهئي. ٿلهي ٽڪريءَ جي چوٽيءَ تي واقع هجڻ سبب، علائقي تي لڳاتار حملن جي باوجود، چڱيءَ طرح محفوظ رهئي. ڪشان دور کان وٺي ويجهي شهر بهلول جي خانقاه ۽ باقيات گنڌارا علائقي ۾ ٻڌ ڌرم جي سڀ کان اهم يادگارون آهن. خانقاه پاڪستان ۾ سڀ کان مڪمل ٻڌ ڌرم خانقاه آهي ۽ اسٽوپا، خانقاهي حجرن، مندر ۽ عام عمارتن جي ڪيترن ئي گروهن تي مشتمل آهي.مڪلي، ٺٽي ۾ تاريخي يادگار150px|alt=A large two-storey tomb made of sandstone سنڌ 1981ع 143؛ (iii) (ثقافتي) مڪلي ٺٽي شهر ۾ هڪ وڏو قبرستان آهي. اهو 14هين ۽ 18هين صدي جي وچ ۾ استعمال ۾ رهيو. يادگار ۽ مقبرا اعليٰ معيار جي پٿر، سرن ۽ چمڪندڙ ٽائلن مان ٺهيل آهن. مشهور بزرگن ۽ حڪمرانن جا مقبرا جن ۾ ڄام نظام الدين ٻين ۽ عيسيٰ خان ترخان (تصوير) اڃا تائين محفوظ آهن ۽ مقامي فن تعمير سان مليل مغل فن تعمير جا سٺا مثال آهن. لاهور ۾ شاهي قلعو ۽ شاليمار باغ150px|alt=Look at a Mughal-style fort through some columns پنجاب 1981ع 171؛ (i)، (ii) ۽ (iii) (ثقافتي)شاهي قلعو (تصوير ۾) ۽ شاليمار باغ مغل دور جا ٻه شاهي ڪمپليڪس آهن. قلعو لاهور جي پراڻي شهر  جي اتر اولهه ڪنڊ تي واقع آهي ۽ پنهنجي تاريخ ۾ ڪيترائي ڀيرا تباهه ۽ ٻيهر تعمير ڪيو ويو آهي. موجوده يادگار 16 صدي عيسويء جي تاريخ، اڪبر جي دور ۾. شاليمار باغ 1642ع ۾ شهنشاهه شاهجهان جي دور ۾ ٺهرايو ويو هو، اهي مغل باغن جو هڪ مثال آهن، جيڪي فارسي ۽ اسلامي روايتن کان متاثر هئا. روهتاس قلعو 150px|alt=Large stone gate to the fort پنجاب 1997ع 586؛ (ii) ۽ (iv) (ٿقافتي) هي قلعو شير شاهه سوري جي دور ۾، سال 1541ع ۾ مغل شهنشاهه همايون تي سندس فتح کان پوءِ ٺهرايو ويو هو. اهو بارود جي دور ۾ شروعاتي اسلامي فوجي فن تعمير جو هڪ غير معمولي مثال آهي، جيڪو ترڪي ۽ ننڍي کنڊ جي فني روايتن کي گڏ ڪري ٿو. اهو بعد ۾ مغل فن تعمير لاء هڪ نموني طور ڪم ڪيو. اها جنگ ۾ ڪڏهن به فتح نه ٿي هئي ۽ اڄ تائين برقرار آهي.

عارضي فهرست
عالمي ورثي جي فهرست تي لکيل ماڳن کان علاوه، ميمبر رياستون عارضي ماڳن جي هڪ فهرست برقرار رکي سگهن ٿيون جيڪي اهي نامزدگي لاءِ غور ۾ اچي سگهن ٿيون. عالمي ورثي جي فهرست لاءِ نامزدگيون صرف ان صورت ۾ قبول ڪيون وينديون آهن جڏهن ماڳ اڳي ئي عارضي فهرست ۾ درج ٿيل هئي. پاڪستان جي عارضي فهرست ۾ ڇويهه  جڳهيون آهن.

+  ماڳ عڪس جگهه  سال يونيسڪو شمار  تفصيل  بادشاهي مسجد، لاهور  150px|alt=Front view of a Mughal-style mosque in red stone پنجاب 1993ع (ثقافتي) This mosque in the city of Lahore is an exceptional example of Mughal architecture. It was built in 1673–74. It has four large and four smaller minarets and three marble domes. The mosque is built of red sandstone and decorated with stone reliefs and marble inlays. وزير خان مسجد، لاهور 150px|alt=A Mughal-style mosque with richly decorated facade پنجاب 1993ع (ثقافتي) This mosque in the city of Lahore is constructed of brick and sandstone. It has five domes and four minarets and is richly decorated. مغل شهنشاهه، جهانگير ۽ وزير آصف خان جا مقبرا ۽ اڪبري سرائي، لاهور 150px|alt=A large decorated mausoleum with four minarets پنجاب 1993ع (ثقافتي) هي ماڳ مغل دور جي ٽن يادگارن تي مشتمل آهي. شهنشاهه جهانگير جو مقبرو (تصوير ۾) ڳاڙهي پٿر جو ٺهيل آهي ۽ سنگ مرمر جي جڙيل ڊيزائن سان ڀرپور نموني سان سينگاريل آهي. ابوالحسن آصف خان جو مقبرو هڪ بلند گنبد وارو مقبرو آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ سنگ مرمر جي جڙيل ۽ اسٽوڪيو سان سينگاريل هو. اڪبري سرائي، هڪ قافلو سرائي، ٻن يادگارن جي وچ ۾ واقع آهي. ڪمپليڪس ۾ 180 حجرا، هڪ مسجد، ۽ ٻه سجايل دروازا آهن. هرڻ مينار، شيخوپوره  150px|alt=A pavilion and a wall above a pond, a large tower on the left پنجاب 1993ع (ثقافتي) The complex in Sheikhupura was constructed in the early 17th century under the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. The large brick tower (minar) has a spiral staircase with 108 steps leading to the top. The water tank is of rectangular shape and has a causeway leading to an octagonal pavilion in the middle. The pavilion is decorated by frescoes and was used as a royal residence. شاهه رڪن عالم جو مزار، ملتان 150px|alt=A mausoleum decorated with blue and green tiles پنجاب 1993ع 2004ع (ii)، (iv) ۽ (vi) (ثقافتي) The tomb was built between 1320 and 1324 inside the Multan Fort under the Tughlaq ruler Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. It was probably intended as a dynastic tomb but instead became the tomb of the Sufi saint Shah Rukn-e-Alam. The octagonal tomb, the first of its type in South Asia, reaches  in height. It is built in red brick and the exterior is decorated in glazed tiles and carved bricks and wood. Inside, a wooden mihrab is the earliest example of its type. The tomb is an important pilgrimage site. The site is listed twice on the UNESCO tentative list. رني ڪوٽ جو قلعو، دادو  150px|alt=A stone wall and a bastion on the top of a hil سنڌ  1993ع (ثقافتي) The fort, located in the Dadu District, was constructed in the early 19th century. The fortification walls are  long and follow the geography of the barren hilly area, with bastions located at intervals. There is a small fortress inside, likely used as a royal residence. شاهجهاني مسجد، ٺٽو  150px سنڌ 1993ع (ثقافتي) The mosque in the city of Thatta is decorated with the most elaborate tile-work in South Asia. The mosaics with blue and white tiles cover the two main chambers and the domes. The designs include floral and geometric patterns. چوکنڊي جا مقبرا، ڪراچي  150x150px|alt=Five tombstones with delicate stone carvings سنڌ  1993ع (ثقافتي) The tombs near Karachi were built for the warriors and families of the Saloch tribe in the 17th and 18th centuries. They are pyramidal in shape and covered with decorative stone carvings, depicting humans and decorative designs. Some tombs are in the Hindu style. مهر ڳڙهه جو قديم آثار وارو ماڳ 150px بلوچستان  2004ع (ii) ۽ (iv)(ثقافتي) The archaeological site of Mehrgar is a tell, an artificial mound created as a result of successive settlements at the same site through generations. Initially likely seasonally occupied by pastoralist groups, the site was permanently inhabited form the aceramic Neolithic period in the 7th millennium BCE to the Chalcolithic period. The site was already abandoned in the mid-3rd millennium BCE, before the urbanised phase of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Excavations uncovered mud-brick structures (pictured) believed to be used for storage, remains of a Bronze Age village with its own craft zone, and several cemeteries. It was rediscovered in the 1970s after being exposed by a flash flood. رحمان ڍيري جو قديم آثار وارو ماڳ 150px|alt=Archaeological site with remains of structures خيبر پختونخوا  2004ع (i) ۽ (ii) (ثقافتي) Rehman Dheri is an archaeological site that dates from the Pre-Harappan period in the 4th millennium BCE to the Early-Harappan period in the mid-3rd millennium BCE. It is one of the best preserved examples of an early urban settlement in South Asia, because the site was abandoned during the mature Harappan period. The settlement has streets following a grid plan, which was replicated in the successive phases. There are remains of kilns and pottery shards. هڙپا جو قديم آثار وارو ماڳ 150px|alt=Archaeological site with some brick walls visible پنجاب 2004ع (ii) ۽ (iv) (ثقافتي) Harappa is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley civilisation, which was occupied from the 4th to the 2nd millennium BCE, with its peak between 2600 and 1900 BCE. It is a tell, an artificial mound created as a result of successive settlements at the same site through generations. Harappa was located next to the old course of the Ravi River which provided the inhabitants fresh water and access to trade networks. There are eight mounds and two cemeteries on site, as well as some structures from the Gupta and Mughal Empires and a modern village. راڻي گھاٽ جو قديم آثار وارو ماڳ 150px|alt=Ancient ruins, walls, and great boulders on the slope of a hill خيبر پختونخوا  2004ع (ii) ۽ (iv) (ثقافتي) The archaeological site of Ranigat is the largest Buddhist monastic complex in the Gandhara region, where a culture blending the Hellenistic, Buddhist, and Indo-Parthian traditions flourished between the 2nd century BCE and 6th century CE. The monastery was founded in the 1st century CE. Excavations in the 1980s uncovered the remains of several stupas, shrines, and secular buildings, as well as copper coins, pottery, and stone sculptures. شهباز ڳڙهي جو پٿر وارو مخطوطو 150px|alt=A large boulder with carved inscriptions خيبر پختونخوا  2004ع (i)، (ii) ۽ (iv) (ثقافتي) The Edicts of Ashoka in Shahbazgarhi date to the middle of the 3rd Century BCE, during the reign of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. They were carved in two large boulders in the Kharosthi script and describe in detail Ashoka's view on dhamma, or righteous law. The edicts are the oldest irrefutable examples of writing in South Asia. مانسهرا جو پٿر وارو نشان  150px|alt=A large rock under a modern roof خيبر پختونخوا  2004ع (ii)، (iii)۽ (iv) (ثقافتي) The Edicts of Ashoka in Mansehra date to the middle of the 3rd Century BCE, during the reign of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. They were carved in three large boulders in the Kharosthi script and describe in detail Ashoka's view on dhamma, or righteous law. The edicts are the oldest irrefutable examples of writing in South Asia. بلتت قلعو150px|alt=A large stone and timber fort with white front facadeگلگت بلتستان  2004ع (i) ۽ (ii) (ثقافتي) The fort is overlooking the Hunza valley, an important trade route connecting South and Central Asia. The original structure dates from the 8th century and was later expanded, the current building has three floors. It is built in stone with additional timber frameworks to provide stabilization in an earthquake-prone area. The fort was the residence of the Mir, the rulers of the State of Hunza, until 1945. بيبي جيوندي،  بهاء العالم ۽ جلال الدين بخاري جا مزار ۽ استاد جلال الدين بخاري جي مسجد 150px|alt=A mausoleum with a dome, facade decorated with blue tiles پنجاب 2004ع (ii)، (iv) ۽  (vi) (ثقافتي) This site comprises five monuments from the 14th and 15th centuries in the city of Uch. The tomb of the Sufi saint Jahaniyan Jahangasht has a square plan and a flat roof while the tombs of Bibi Jawindi (pictured), Baha'al-Halim, and Ustead are octagonal and feature a dome. They are decorated with glazed tiles. The mosque is also decorated with tiles featuring floral and geometric designs. Some of the tombs have been damaged by erosion. ڀنڀور جي بندر 150px سنڌ 2004ع (iv)، (v) ۽  (vi) (ثقافتي) The port of Banbhore was located at the mouth of the Indus River. Founded in the 1st century BCE, the main findings date from the Islamic period between the 8th and 13th centuries, including the remains of one of the earliest mosques in the region, dating to 727. The mosque incorporates some reused stones from a previous Hindu structure. The port was important in the trade of ceramics and metal goods, and it had an industrial area with workshops dealing with textiles, glass, glazes, and metallurgy. As the river changed course in the 11th century, the creek silted, leading to the gradual abandonment of the port. دراوڙ قلعو ۽ چولستان جا ٻيا ريگستاني قلعا 150px|alt=A large stone fortress in an arid area پنجاب 2016ع (iii) ۽ (v) (ثقافتي) This site comprises ten forts in the Cholistan Desert that were built to protect the caravan, merchant, and pilgrimage routes through the region. The best preserved fort is the Derawar fort (pictured) which was built in the 9th century by Rai Jajja Bhati of the Rajput Bhati clan. In the 18th century, it was taken over by Bahawalpur and remained the residence of the Nawab until the 1970s, constant occupation contributing to its preservation. The massive fort has 40 circular bastions that reach  high. هنگول نيشنل پارڪ ۽ لينڊ اسڪيپ  150px|alt=Pilgrims heading to a volcano in an arid landscape بلوچستان 2016ع (iii) ۽ (vi) (ثقافتي) Hinglaj Mata mandir is an ancient Hindu cave temple located in Hingol National Park. It is dedicated to Shaktior Sati. Every year, it attracts thousands of pilgrims who cross the ravine and proceed through the cave, with stops at landmarks for religious observances. Pilgrims also visit several mud volcanos in the area (Chandragup pictured). ڪاريز سسٽم (زير زمين نئين جو نظام) ثقافتي لينڊ اسڪيپ 150px|alt=A cross section of a typical quanat, illustrated بلوچستان  2016ع (ii)، (v) ۽ (vi) (ثقافتي) A karez, kariz, or qanat is a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct (scheme pictured). The technology probably developed in the 1st millennium BCE in Persia and then spread to arid and semi-arid areas of China, South Asia, Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Tapping into the subterranean water sources allowed settlement and agriculture in areas that would otherwise be unexploitable. More than 1000 such systems are still operational in Pakistan, four are listed in the nomination. ننگرپارڪر جو ثقافتي لينڊ اسڪيپ 150px|alt=A Jain stone temple سنڌ 2016ع (iii) ۽ (iv) (ثقافتي) The cultural landscape is located in Nagarparkar, on the border of the Thar Desert. It was a centre of a thriving Jain community which was active in maritime trade, as the area was located at the coast of the Arabian Sea as late as in the 15th century. Several Jain monuments remain from the period between the 12th and 15th centuries, including the Gori Temple (pictured). Due to the changes of the coastline due to silting by the Indus River system, the community declined in numbers, with the last members leaving following the partition of India in 1947. مرڪزي قراقرم نيشنل پارڪ  150px|alt=Mountain landscape with a large glacier گلگت بلتستان  2016ع (ix) ۽ (x) (قدرتي) The national park covers large part of the central Karakoram mountain range. Four peaks over  are located in the park, as well as several glaciers (the Baltoro Glacier pictured). The area is a highly active tectonic zone, as a result of the Himalayan orogeny. The area is also an important stopover for migrating birds and home to endangered mammal species, including markhor, musk deer, snow leopard, urial, and Marco Polo sheep. ديوسائي نيشنل پارڪ  150px|alt=A lake in high-altitude area with sparse vegetation گلگت بلتستان  2016ع ix, x (natural) Deosai National Park is an alpine plateau with an altitude between . The landscape is mostly flat with rolling hills. Due to its location at the meeting of the Himalayan and Karakorum-Pamir ecoregions, the area is rich in biodiversity. Some of the species that live here include the Himalayan brown bear, Tibetan wolf, Himalayan ibex, and Golden marmot. The Sheosar Lake (pictured), at the altitude of , represents a unique type of alpine wetland. زيارت جو صنوبر جو ٻيلو  150px|alt=Juniper trees on a slope of a hill in a foggy day بلوچستان  2016ع (x) (قدرتي) The juniper (Juniperus excelsa  سالٽ رينج جبلن جو سلسلو ۽ کيوڙا جي لوڻ جي کاڻ  150px|alt=Interior of a salt mine with corridor walls in pink and reddish colours پنجاب 2016ع (v) ۽ (xiii) (مخلوط) The geological formation of Salt Range formed 800 million years ago with the evaporation of a shallow sea, resulting in thick deposits of rock salt. Due to lack of plant cover, the area provides an excellent opportunity to study geological layers from the Cambrian to the Paleogene, with several layers bearing fossils. The salt reserves at Khewra have been known at least since the 4th century BCE when Alexander the Great crossed the area, while the salt mine (pictured) has been in operation for over a thousand of years.

پڻ ڏسو
 هڙپا
 پاڪستان ۾ ڪوٽن جي فهرست 
 پاڪستان ۾ عجائب گهرن جي فهرست 
 پاڪستان ۾ ٿقافتي ورثي جي ماڳن جي فهرست 

خارجي لنڪس


World Heritage Sites
Pakistan
World Heritage Sites

حوالا 

زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ سياحت
زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ قديم آثار
زمرو:پاڪستان جا تاريخي ماڳ
زمرو:پاڪستان جو ثقافتي ورثو
زمرو:ثقافت سان لاڳاپيل فهرستون
زمرو:پاڪستان سان لاڳاپيل فهرستون
زمرو:يونيسڪو عالمي ثقافتي ورثي جا ماڳ
زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ يونيسڪو عالمي ثقافتي ورثي جا ماڳ
زمرو:ايشيا ۾ يونيسڪو عالمي ثقافتي ورثي جا ماڳ