ڊچ ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپني

جو اڱڻ 1611 ۾. اھا دنيا جي پھرين اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج ھئي 

ڊچ ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپني: سترھين صدي جي شروعات ۾  وڏي سائيز واري ڪارپوريشن ھئي جنھن جو قيام ڊچ سرڪار جي حڪم تي ڪيترن ئي ڪمپنين جي انضمام ذريعي ٿيو
Gelderblom, Oscar; de Jong, Abe; Jonker, Joost (2011), 'An Admiralty for Asia: Business Organization and the Evolution of Corporate Governance in the Dutch Republic, 1590–1640,'; in J.G. Koppell (ed.), Origins of Shareholder Advocacy. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), pp. 29–70. Gelderblom, Jonker & de Jong (2010): "The hot rivalry between the voorcompagnieën undermined the country's fragile political unity and economic prosperity, and seriously limited the prospects of competing successfully against other Asian traders from Europe. ... According to Willem Usselincx, a large merchant well versed in the intercontinental trade, the VOC charter was drafted by bewindhebbers bent on defending their own interests and the States-General had allowed that to pass so as to achieve the desired merger (Van Rees 1868, 410). An agreement was finally reached on March 20th, 1602, after which the Estates General issued a charter granting a monopoly on the Asian trade for 21 years (Gaastra 2009, 21–23)."Unoki, Ko (2012), 'A Seafaring Empire,'; in Mergers, Acquisitions and Global Empires: Tolerance, Diversity and the Success of M&A, by Ko Unoki. (New York: Routledge, 2013), pp. 39–64 ان جو قيام 20 مارچ 1602 ۾ مغلن واري ھندوستان سان واپار لاء بطور چارٽر ڪمپني جي عمل ۾ آيو. اھو ان وقت پروٽو صنعتڪاري وارو دؤر ھيو. جنھن ذريعي 50 سيڪڙو ڪپڙو ۽ 80 سيڪڙو ريشم انڊيا جي ترقي يافتہ علائقي بينگال صوبي مان برآمد ڪئي ويندي ھئي. 

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