هاٿي

هاٿي (Elephants) سڀ کان وڏا زنده زميني جانور آهن. هن وقت هاٿين جون ٽي زنده جنسون تسليم ڪيون ويون آهن: آفريقي جهنگلي هاٿي (لوڪسوڊونٽا آفريڪا)، آفريقي ٻيلي وارا هاٿي (ايل. سائڪلوٽس) ۽ ايشيائي هاٿي (ايليفا ميڪسيمس). اها خاندان، "ايليفينٽيڊائي" ۽ آرڊر، "پروبوسڪيڊيا" جا واحد بچيل ميمبر آهن. ناپيد ٿيل مائٽن ۾ ميموٿ ۽ ماسٽوڊون شامل آهن. هاٿين جي مخصوص خاصيتن ۾  هڪ ڊگهي سونڊ، ڏند، وڏا ڪن ڦڙا، ستون جهڙيون ٽنگون ۽ سخت پر حساس ڀوري چمڙي شامل آهن. سونڊ وات ۾ کاڌو ۽ پاڻي آڻڻ ۽ شين کي پڪڙڻ لاء مددگار آهي. ٻاھريان ڏند، جيڪا انسيسر ڏندن مان نڪتل آهن، هٿيارن ۽ شين کي منتقل ڪرڻ ۽ کوٽڻ لاءِ اوزار طور ڪم ڪن ٿا. وڏا ڪن ڦڙا مسلسل جسم جي گرمي پد ۽ گڏوگڏ رابطي ۾  کي برقرار رکڻ ۾ مدد ڪن ٿا. آفريقي هاٿين جا ڪن وڏا ۽ مقعر پٺيون هونديون آهن، جڏهن ته ايشيائي هاٿين جا ڪن ننڍا ۽ محدب يا سطحي پٺيون هونديون آهن. 

هاٿي صحارا جي هيٺين واري آفريڪا، ڏکڻ ايشيا ۽ ڏکڻ اوڀر ايشيا ۾ پکڙيل آهن ۽ مختلف رهائشي علائقن ۾ مليا آهن، جن ۾ سوانا، ٻيلا، ريگستان ۽ دلدل شامل آهن. اها ڀاڄي خور آهن ۽ جڏهن پاڻي تي پهتن ٿا ته اها ويجها رهندا آهن. انهن کي ڪي اسٽون نسل سمجهيو ويندو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته انهن جو ماحول تي اثر پوي ٿو. هاٿين ۾ هڪ فيشن-فيوزن سوسائٽي هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ ڪيترائي خانداني گروهه گڏ ٿين ٿا.

the largest living land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They are the only surviving members of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea; extinct relatives include mammoths and mastodons. Distinctive features of elephants include a long proboscis called a trunk, tusks, large ear flaps, pillar-like legs, and tough but sensitive grey skin. The trunk is prehensile, bringing food and water to the mouth and grasping objects. Tusks, which are derived from the incisor teeth, serve both as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. The large ear flaps assist in maintaining a constant body temperature as well as in communication. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs.

Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia and are found in different habitats, including savannahs, forests, deserts, and marshes. They are herbivorous, and they stay near water when it is accessible. They are considered to be keystone species, due to their impact on their environments. Elephants have a fission–fusion society, in which multiple family groups come together to socialise. Females (cows) tend to live in family groups, which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring. The leader of a female group, usually the oldest cow, is known as the matriarch.

Males (bulls) leave their family groups when they reach puberty and may live alone or with other males. Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate. They enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth, which helps them gain dominance over other males as well as reproductive success. Calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild. They communicate by touch, sight, smell, and sound; elephants use infrasound and seismic communication over long distances. Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans. They appear to have self-awareness, and possibly show concern for dying and dead individuals of their kind.

African bush elephants and Asian elephants are listed as endangered and African forest elephants as critically endangered on the IUCN Red Lists. One of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Other threats to wild elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people. Elephants are used as working animals in Asia. In the past, they were used in war; today, they are often controversially put on display in zoos, or employed for entertainment in circuses. Elephants have an iconic status in human culture and have been widely featured in art, folklore, religion, literature, and popular culture.

پڻ ڏسو

ھاٿي (Elephant؛ سائنسي نالو:  ھڪ مئمل جاندار آھي. هي خشڪي جي جانورن مان سڀ کان وڏو جانور آهي ۽ ايلفنٽڊاء خاندان سان تعلق رکندڙ ھن دؤر جو سڀ کان وڏو خشڪي جو جانور آهي. ان جا ھن وقت ٽي قسم آهن جن ۾ آفريڪي ٻوڙن وارو ھاٿي، آفريڪي جھنگلي ھاٿي ۽ ايشيائي ھاٿي شامل آهن. ان کي ڊگھي سونڍ ٿيندي آهي جيڪا ساھ کڻڻ لاء ھوندي آھي ۽  ان کي گاھ کائڻ ۽ پاڻي پيئڻ ۾ مدد ڏيندي آهي.
حوالا

ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا

 International Elephant Foundation

 انٽرنيشنل ايليفينٽ فائونڊيشن 
 پروبوسئيڊيا 
 پروبوسئيڊيا نسل
زمرو:هاٿي 
زمرو:جهنگلي جانور
زمرو:پيرافيليٽڪ گروپ
زمرو:سبزي خور مماليا 
زمرو:مماليا جا عام نالا
زمرو:اوزار استعمال ڪندڙ مماليا 
زمرو:پلايوسين دور ۾ پهريون ظهور 
زمرو:وڊيو ڪلپس تي مشتمل مضمون