Santa Cruz Depairtment (Bolivie)

Santa Cruz, wi an aurie o 370,621 km², is the lairgest o the nine constituent depairtments o Bolivie. In the 2001 census, it reportit a population o 2,029,471. The Caipital is the ceety o Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The state is ane o the walthiest states in Bolivie wi huge reserves o natural gas. Heichlichtin the cultural, economic, an poleetical divides atween the fowk o the heichlands (occident) an lawlands (orient) o Bolivie, the efforts bi the Bolivie preses Evo Morales tae introduce land reforms an redistribute the natural gas revenues wi the poorer indigenous fowk in wastren Bolivie, haes spurred on diveesions athin the kintra an caws for an action for greater regional/depairtmental autonomy. Anti-Morales protests hit Bolivia

Government an admeenistration
According to current Constitution, the heichest authority in the depairtment lees wi the governor. The umwhile figur o prefect wis appointit bi the Preses o the Republic till 2005, when the prefect for the first time wis electit bi popular vote tae serve for a five-year term. In 2010 the first govrenor wis electit accordin tae the implementation o autonomy efter a struggle for amaist a decade bi the fowk o Santa Cruz.

Santa Cruz haes a Departmental Assembly (Asamblea Departamental) an aw, which derives but differs frae the previous Depairtmental Cooncil (Consejo Departamental). It is a state legislatur wi limitit legislation pouers, being able tae mak laws in certain subjects in exclusivity an in some others in concurrence wi the state legislative branch.

Economy
The department covers a vast expanse o territory in eastren Bolivie, hintle o it rainforests, extendin frae the Andes tae the border wi Brazil. The depairtment's economy depends lairgely on agricultur, wi succar, cotton, soybeans an rice being grown. The amoont o land cultivatit bi modren fermin techniques is increasin rapidly in the Santa Cruz aurie, whaur weather allous for twa crops a year.

In recent years, the discovery o natural gas in the department haes led tae plans for the development o a regional natural gas industry that is likely tae boost the local economy.
Bolivie’s energy meenister said twa proposed liquefeed petroleum gas plants mey allou the kintra tae boost supplies tae Brazil an Argentinae bi 2010, easin a shortage o the fuel efter a lack o investment reducit ootput.
The processin plants wad be built in Santa Cruz an each wad produce aboot 200 tons o liquefeed petroleum gas a day. The plants wad help turn a deficit o gas intae a “surplus”.

The depairtment hosts El Mutún an aw, the warld's seicont lairgest iron ore reserve (efter Carajás in Brazil) an lairgest magnesium deposits are locatit thare an aw. Locatit in the Germán Busch Province in the Santa Cruz Depairtment o Bolivie, near Puerto Suárez, El Mutún extends athort the border intae Brazil, where it is cried the Serrania de Jacadigo. Kent as the "Serrania Mutún" an aw, it haes an aurie o aboot 75 square kilometers. Its estimatit reserves are aboot 40.205 billion tons o iron ore o 50% iron, mainly in hematite an magnetite form, an in lesser quantities in siderite an manganese minerals. This can be compared wi an estimate o the total warld reserves o iron ore: 800 billion tons o crude ore containin mair nor 230 billion tons o iron.

In Julie 2004, the fowk votit in a naition-wide referendum tae allou for regulatit exportation o the gas.Gas Referendum

Geography
Santa Cruz Depairtment is the lairgest o the Bolivie depairtments an covers a wide an diverse aurie. In the wast lees a series o temperate Sub-Andean ranges an valleys while tae the north an sooth lees twa different lawlands areas; the Beni an Chaco lawlands respectively. Tae the northeast lies the flat Llanos Chiquitanos auries an ayont these the Serranías Chiquitanas ranges. In the far east the depairtments hae sma pairts o the huge Pantanal wetland.

Demographics
The first settlers o Santa Cruz wur mainly Spaniards that accompaniet Ñuflo de Chávez, as well as Guarani natives frae Paraguay, an some Flemings, Portuguese, Germans an Italians wirkin for the Spainyie croun.Al Margen de mis Lecturas, by Marcelo Terceros Banzer. Published September 1998 Amang the first settlers there wur Sephardic JewsHistory of the Jewish People, written by Eli Birnbaum. recently convertit tae Christianity who wur persecutit in bi the inquiseetion in Spain. an aw Santa Cruz haes a multicultural population: 40% is mestizo wi baith Native an European ascendants, 50% is White o European descent an 10% Natives.

 Climate 
At 416 meters abuin sea level, it is wairm an tropical maist o the year. Winters are short an last anerlie 2–3 month but can get vera cauld vera suddenly. "Surazos" (sootherly winds that blow in from Argentina) can drop the temperatur bi as much as 30 degrees owernicht. This extreme cauld lasts anerlie a few days at a time an the bonnie, sub-tropical Santa Cruz is pleasant throughoot maist o the year. Here the climate varies bi geographical zone: temperate tae cauld in the wastren sierras an wairm tae hot an humid as ane descends intae the extensive plains.

Provinces
The Depairtment o Santa Cruz is dividit intae 15 provinces.

 Province  Caipital  Aurie (km²)  Population (2005)center|250px Andrés Ibáñez  Santa Cruz de la Sierra    4,821  1,549,849 Ignacio Warnes  Warnes  1,216  62,417 José Miguel de Velasco  San Ignacio  65,425  64,517 Ichilo  Buena Vista  14,232  82,952 Chiquitos  San José  31,429  70,319 Sara  Portachuelo  6,886  42,157 Cordillera  Lagunillas  86,245  108,843 Vallegrande  Vallegrande  6,414  27,691 Florida  Samaipata  4,132  29,850 Obispo Santiesteban  Montero  3,673  166,267 Ñuflo de Chávez  Concepción  54,150  116,101 Ángel Sandoval  San Matías  37,442  14,362 Manuel Maria Caballero  Comarapa  2,310  22,142 Germán Busch  Puerto Suárez  24,903  37,637 Guarayos  Ascensión  20,293  38,498

Caw for autonomy

Eastren provinces in Bolivie includin the Santa Cruz haes majority o the natural gas reserves. Bolivian preses Evo Morales is plannin tae introduce legislation tae tackle the poverty in the kintra bi redistrubutin the walth o the naition. Morales offers dialogue to rivals

In May 2008, the govrenment o Santa Cruz began conductin a referendum for autonomy frae the naitional govrenment ower, amang ither things, strains atween the local govrenment an Preses Evo Morales. Morales's attempts tae chynge the constitution hae been fiercely opposed bi opposition govrenors who run five o Bolivie's nine regions. Feenal results frae the referendum showed that 85.6% o pairticipatin voters supportit autonomy.

Leids
The leids spoken in the department are mainly Spaingie an Quechua due tae the migratin waves frae the wast side o the kintra. The follaein table shows the number o those belangin tae the recognizit group o speakers.obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo  (Spanish)


 Leid Depairtment BolivieQuechua256,4802,281,198Aymara52,6981,525,321Guaraní45,57462,575Anither native 19,16749,432Spaingie 1,846,2636,821,626Foreign100,345250,754Anerlie native40,796960,491Native an Spaingie315,0642,739,407Spaingie an foreign1,559,5414,115,751

Places o interest
 Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco Naitional Pairk an Integratit Management Natural Aurie
 Tucavaca Valley Municipal Reserve
 Shrine o the Virgen de Cotoca (Patron Saunt o the Depairtment)

References

Freemit airtins
 Santa Cruz Travel Guide 
 Weather in Santa Cruz 


Category:Depairtments o Bolivie
Category:States an territories established in 1826