Vitebsk

Vitebsk, kent as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk (,  an aw; , ), is a ceety in Belaroushie, near the mairch wi Roushie. The caipital o the Vitebsk Region, in 2004 it haed 342,381 indwallers, makkin it the kintra's fowert lairgest ceety.  It is served bi Vitebsk Vostochny Airport an Vitebsk air base.

History

Vitebsk developed frae a river harbor whaur the Vitba River (Віцьба, frae which it derives its name) flows intae the lairger Dvina, which is spanned in the ceety bi the Kirov Brig.

Its offeecial foondin year is 947 (or aiblins 974, or 914), based on an anachronistic legend that it wis foondit bi Olga o Kiev, but the first mention in historical record is in 1021, when Yaroslav the Wise o Kiev gae it tae Bryachislav Ezyaslavovitch, Duke o Polotsk.History , Vitebsk Regional Executive Committee

In the 12t an 13t centuries Vitebsk wis the seat o a minor principality which thrived at the crossroads o the river routes amang the Baltic, Black, an Mediterranean seas. In 1320 the ceety wis incorporatit intae the Grand Duchy o Lithuanie; in 1569 it became a pairt o the Pols-Lithuanie Commonwalth. In 1597 Vitebsk wis grantit the Magdeburg Richts. In 1772 it wis taken ower bi the Roushie Empire in the First Pairtition o Poland.

Unner Imperial Roushie, the auncient centre o Vitebsk wis rebuilt in the Neoclassical style. The toun wis a significant shtot in the Pale o Settlement, wi aroond hauf its population Orthodox Jewish at the turn o the 20t century. The maist famous o its Jewish natives wis the painter Marc Chagall. Up tae the Seicont Warld War, lik mony ither ceeties in Europe, Vitebsk haed a significant Jewish population: accordin tae Roushie census o 1897, oot o the tot population o 65,900, Jews constitutit 34,400 (sae aroond 52% percent).Joshua D. Zimmerman, Poles, Jews, and the politics of nationality, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2004, ISBN 0299194647, Google Print, p.16

In the years 1919–1991 Vitebsk wis pairt o the Soviet Union. Durin Warld War II, the ceety wis unner German occupation (10 Julie 1941 - 26 Juin 1944). Hintle o the auld ceety wis destroyed in the ensuin battles atween the Nazis an the Red Airmy.

In Januar 1991, Vitebsk celebratit the first Marc Chagall Festival. In Juin 1992, a monument tae Chagall wis erectit on his native Pokrovskaja street an a memorial inscription placed on the waw o his hoose.

Syne 1992, Vitebsk haes been hostin the annual Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk, an internaitional airt festival. Its main program is devotit tae Slavic muisic. The main participants are airtists frae Roushie, Belaroushie an Ukraine, wi guests frae mony ither kintras, baith Slavic an non-Slavic.

 Main sichts 


The ceety lang preserved ane o the auldest bigginss in the kintra: the Annunciation Kirk. This magnificent sax-pillared biggin dates back tae the period o Kievan Rus. It wis constructit in the 1140s, rebuilt in the 14t an 17t centuries, repaired in 1883 an destroyed bi the Communist admeenistration in 1961. Scarce remains o the kirk wur conserved till 1992, when it wis restored tae its presumed oreeginal appearance, awtho it's a moot pynt hou the kitk leukit lik when it wis first biggit.The Annunciation Kirk is a sax-pillared biggin wi ane apse. It is built o hewn limestane quadras, each row being separatit bi twa rows o brick, covered wi a thin layer o stucco so as tae emulate large blocks o stane. This technique wis widespread in Byzantium; but there are anerlie twa examples north o Crimea — ane in Vitebsk an anither, unfeenished an lang ruined kirk in Navahradak, probably bi the same team o Byzantine builders. Anither extraordinary featur o the kirk is that its bays are equal an the central nave is square in plan. The choir gallery occupees the wastren bay; it adjoins twa secludit chapels ower the lateral aisles. Stairs leadin tae the gallery are built intae the wastren waw. russiancity.ru

Kirks frae the Pols-Lithuanie period wur likwise destroyed, awtho the Resurrection Kirk (1772–77) haes been rebuilt. The Orthodox cathedral, dedicatit tae the Intercession o the Theotokos, wis erected in 1760. Thare are the toun hall (1775) an aw; the Roushie govrenor's palace, whaur Napoleon celebratit his 43rd birthday in 1812; the Neo-Romanesque Roman Catholic cathedral (1884–85); an an obelisk commemoratin the centenary o the Rousie victory ower Napoleon.

Vitebsk is hame tae a lattice steel TV touer carryin a horizontal cross on which the antenna mast is guyed an aw. This touer, which is nearly identical tae that at Grodno, but a few metres shorter ( 245 metres in Vitebsk versus 254 metres at Grodno) wis completit in 1983.

Education
Vitebsk is hame tae the Vitebsk State Technological University, Vitebsk State Medical University an Vitebsk State University o P.M. Masherova

Sources
 "Shishanov V. A. Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art: history of creation an collection. 1918-1941. - Minsk: Medisont, 2007. - 144 p. In Roushie. eastview.com 
 Любезный мне город Витебск…. Мемуары и документы. Конец XVIII — начало XIX в. / Вступ. ст., науч., коммент., сост., публ. В. А. Шишанова. Мн.: Асобны Дах, 2005. 40 с. vash2008.mylivepage.ru 
 Шишанов В. 974, 947 или 914? // Витебский проспект. 2005. №45. 10 нояб. С.3. vash2008.mylivepage.ru 
 Изобразительное искусство Витебска 1918 - 1923 гг. в местной периодической печати : библиограф. указ. и тексты публ. / сост. В. А. Шишанов. - Минск : Медисонт,2010. - 264 с. vash2008.mylivepage.ru 

Notes

Freemit airtins

 Encyclopedia o Vitebsk
 Cultural space — Vitebsk4.me 
 Offeecial wab server 
 Offeecial steid 
 Population o Vitebsk bi mither tongue in 1897
 The plan o Vitebsk 1904.pdf 
 Offeecial steid o Vitebsk regional museum o local lore 


Category:Populatit places in Vitebsk Region