Sakha Republic

The Sakha (Yakutie) Republic (; , Sakha Respublikata) is a federal subject o Roushie (a republic). Population:  consistin mainly o ethnic Yakuts an Roushies.

Comprisin hauf o the Far Eastren Federal Destrict, it is the lairgest subnaitional govrening body bi aurie in the warld at  (juist smawer nor Indie which covers an aurie o 3,287,240 km2). It haes a population o fewer nor ane million inhabitants. Its caipital is the ceity o Yakutsk.

 Religion 
Afore the arrival o the Roushie Empire, the majority o the local population believed in Tengrianism common tae Turkic-leid fowk o Central Asie, or in Paleoasie indigenous shamanism wi baith 'licht' (community leadin) an 'daurk' (healin through spirit journey) shamans. Unner the Roushies, the local population wis convertit tae the Roushie Orthodox Kirk an required tae tak Orthodox Christian names, but in practice generally continued tae follae traditional releegions. Durin the Soviet era, maist or aw o the shamen dee'd athoot successors.

Currently, while Orthodox Christianity maintains a follaein (housomeivver, wi vera few priests willin tae be stationed ootside o Yakutsk), there is interest an activity toward renewin the traditional releegions. As o 2008, Orthodox leaders describit the warld view o the republic's indigenous population (or, rather, those amang the population who are no completely indifferent tae releegion) as dvoyeverie (dual belief seestem), or a "tendency toward syncretism", as evidencit bi the locals sometimes first invitin a shaman, an then an Orthodox priest tae carry oot their rites in connection wi some event in their life. (An interview with Maxim Kozlov, a Moscow priest who had recently returned from a missionary trip down the Lena along with the Bishop of Yakutsk).

 Religion 
Accordin tae the Information Center unner the Preses o Sakha Republic (Информационный центр при Президенте РС(Я)), the releegious demography o the republic wis as follaes:http://www.religare.ru/2_43720.html
Orthodoxy: 44.9%
Shamanism: 26.2%
Non-releegious: 23.0%
New Releegious Movements: 2.4%
Islam: 1.2%
Buddhism: 1.0%
Protestantism: 0.9%
Catholicism: 0.4%

 Geography 
Borders:
internal: Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (E), Magadan Oblast (E/SE), Khabarovsk Krai (SE), Amur Oblast (S), zabaykalsky Krai (S), Irkutsk Oblast (S/SW), Krasnoyarsk Krai (W).
watter: Airctic Ocean (includin Laptev Sea an Eastren Siberie Sea) (N).
Heichest point: Peak Pobeda (3,003 m), Peak Mus-Khaya (2959 m or 3,011 m)
Maximum N->S distance: 
Maximum E->W distance: 

Sakha stretches tae the Henrietta Islands in the far north an is washed bi the Laptev an Eastren Siberie Seas o the Airctic Ocean. These watters, the cauldest an iciest o aw seas in the northren hemisphere, are covered bi ice for 9–10 months o the year.  New Siberie Islands are a pairt o the republic's territory.  Efter Nunavut wis separatit frae Canadae's Northwast Territories, Sakha became the lairgest subnaitional entity (statoid) in the warld, wi an aurie o , slichtly smawer than the territory o Indie (3.3 million km²).

Sakha can be dividit intae three great vegetation belts. Aboot 40% o Sakha lees abuin the Airctic circle an aw o it is covered bi permafrost which greatly influences the region's ecology an limits forests in the soothren region. Airctic an subairctic tundra define the middle region, where lichen an moss grow as great green carpets an are favorite pasturs for reindeer. In the soothren pairt o the tundra belt, scattered staunds o dwarf Siberie pine an larch grow alang the rivers. Belaw the tundra is the vast taiga forest region. Larch trees dominate in the north an staunds o fir an pine begin tae appear in the sooth. Taiga forests cover aboot 47% o Sakha an amaist 90% o the cover is larch.

The Sakha Republic is the steid o Pleistocene Pairk, a project directit at recreatin pleistocene tundra grasslands bi stimulatin the growth o grass wi the introduction o animals which thrivit in the region durin the late Pleistocene — early Holocene period.

 Time zones 

Sakha spans three different time zones:

 Rivers 

Navigable Lena River (4,310 km), as it muives northward, includes hunders o sma tributaries locatit in the Verkhoyansk Range. Ither major rivers include:

Vilyuy River (2,650 km) Lena River tributary
Olenyok River (2,292 km)
Aldan River (2,273 km) Lena River tributary
Kolyma River (2,129 km)
Indigirka River (1,726 km)
Alazeya River (1,590 km)
Amga River (1,462 km) Aldan River tributary
Olyokma River (1,320 km) Lena River tributary
Markha River (1,181 km) Vilyuy River tributary
Tyung River (1,092 km) Vilyuy River tributary
Maya River (1,053 km) Aldan River tributary
Anabar River (939 km)
Yana River (872 km)
Morkoka River (812 km) Markha River tributary
Uchur River (812 km) Aldan River tributary
Linde River (804 km) Lena River tributary
Nyuya River (798 km) Lena River tributary
Selennyakh River (796 km) Indigirka River tributary

 Lakes 
There are ower 800,000 lakes in the republic.  Major lakes an reservoirs include:
Mogotoyevo Lake
Nedzheli Lake
Nerpichye Lake
Vilyuyskoye Reservoir

 Mountains 
Sakha's greatest muntain range, the Verkhoyansk Range, runs across the Lena River, forming a great arc that begins the Sea o Okhotsk an ends in the Laptev Sea.

The Chersky Range runs east of the Verkhoyansk Range an has the highest peak in Sakha, Peak Pobeda (3,003 m).  Recent satellite photos, revealed that Peak Mus-Khaya may in fact be a higher point, reaching 3,011 m.

The Stanovoi Range borders Sakha in the south.

 Natural resources 
Sakha has a lot of natural materials. The soil contains muckle reserves of oil, gas, coal, diamonds, gold, siller, tin, tungsten an mony ithers. 99% o aw Roushie diamonds are mined in Sakha, accoontin for ower 25% o the warld's diamond production.

 Climate 
Sakha is kent for its climate extremes, wi the Verkhoyansk Range being the cauldest aurie in the northren hemisphere. Winters here are extremely cauld. Some o the lawest natural temperaturs iver recordit hae been here. The Northren Hemisphere's Pole o Cauld is at Verkhoyansk, whaur the temperaturs reached as law as  in 1892, an at Oymyakon, whaur the temperaturs reached as law as  in 1926.

Average Januar temperatur:  (coast) tae  (Pole o Cauld).
Average Julie temperatur:  (coast) tae  (central pairts). Housomeivver, it gets vera hot durin the day in Yakutsk in Julie (record = ).
Average annual precipitation: 200 mm (central pairts) tae 700 mm (muntains o Eastren Sakha).

 Admeenistrative diveesions 

 Demografics 

The offeecial leids are baith Roushie an Sakha, kent as Yakut an aw, which is spoken bi approximately 25% o the population. The Yakut leid is Turkic wi Mongolie influence an some borraeins frae Sakha's Paleosiberie indigenous fowks.
Population: 
Population: 
Urban: 609,999 (64.3%)
Rural: 339,281 (35.7%)
Male: 464,217 (48.9%)
Female: 485,063 (51.1%)
Females per 1000 males: 1,045
Average age: 30.0 year
Urban: 31.0 year
Rural: 27.4 year
Male: 30.0 year
Female: 26.6 year
Number o hoosehaulds: 305,017 (wi 937,954 fowk)
Urban: 212,593  (wi 600,696 fowk)
Rural: 92,424 (wi 337,258 fowk)
Vital statistics:
Source: Roushie Federal State Statistics Service

 Births Daiths Birth rate Daith rate 1970 13,899 5,700 20.6 8.5 1975 15,636 6,242 20.2 8.1 1980 18,132 7,501 20.4 8.5 1985 22,823 7,266 22.8 7.3 1990 21,662 7,470 19.4 6.7 1991 19,805 7,565 17.8 6.8 1992 17,796 8,710 16.3 8.0 1993 16,771 9,419 15.6 8.8 1994 16,434 10,371 15.6 9.9 1995 15,731 10,079 15.3 9.8 1996 14,584 9,638 14.4 9.5 1997 13,909 9,094 13.9 9.1 1998 13,640 8,856 13.8 9.0 1999 12,724 9,480 13.1 9.8 2000 13,147 9,325 13.7 9.7 2001 13,262 9,738 13.9 10.2 2002 13,887 9,700 14.6 10.2 2003 14,224 9,660 15.0 10.2 2004 14,716 9,692 15.5 10.2 2005 13,591 9,696 14.3 10.2 2006 13,713 9,245 14.4 9.7 2007 15,268 9,179 16.1 9.7 2008 15,363 9,579 16.2 10.1

Ethnic groups: Accordin tae the 2002 Census the ethnic composition is:
•	432,290 Yakuts (45.54%), •	390,617 Roushies (41.15%), •	34,633 Ukrainians (3.65%), •	18,232 Evenks (1.92%), •	11,657 Evens (1.23%), •	10,755 Tatars (1.13%), •	7,266 Buriats (0.77%), •	4,236 Belaroushies (0.45%), •	2,764 Armenies (0.29%), •	2,355 Bashkirs (0.25%), •	2,293 Azeris (0.24%), •	2,283 ethnic Germans (0.24%), •	2,255 Moldovans (0.24%), •	2,072 Mordovies (0.22%), •	1,815 Koreans (0.19%), •	1,700 Chuvash (0.18%), •	1,454 Kyrgyz (0.15%), •	1,272 Dolgans (0.13%), •	1,272 Uzbeks (0.13%), •	1,105 Tajiks (0.12%), •	1,097 Yukagirs (0.12%), •	1,000 Ingush (0.11%), an ither groups o less nor ane thoosan persons each. (0.28% o the inhabitants declined tae state their naitionality on the census questionnaire.) Historical population figures are shown belaw:

 census 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 Yakuts 233,273 (56.5%) 226,053 (46.4%) 285,749 (43.0%) 313,917 (36.9%) 365,236 (33.4%) 432,290 (45.5%) Dolgans 10 (0.0%) 64 (0.0%) 408 (0.0%) 1,272 (0.1%) Evenks 10,432 (2.5%) 9,505 (2.0%) 9,097 (1.4%) 11,584 (1.4%) 14,428 (1.3%) 18,232 (1.9%) Evens 3,133 (0.8%) 3,537 (0.7%) 6,471 (1.0%) 5,763 (0.7%) 8,668 (0.8%) 11,657 (1.2%) Yukaghir 267 (0.1%) 285 (0.1%) 400 (0.1%) 526 (0.1%) 697 (0.1%) 1,097 (0.1%) Chukchis 400 (0.1%) 325 (0.1%) 387 (0.1%) 377 (0.0%) 473 (0.0%) 602 (0.1%) Roushies 146,741 (35.5%) 215,328 (44.2%) 314,308 (47.3%) 429,588 (50.4%) 550,263 (50.3%) 390,671 (41.2%) Ukrainians 4,229 (1.0%) 12,182 (2.5%) 20,253 (3.0%) 46,326 (5.4%) 77,114 (7.0%) 34,633 (3.6%) Ithers 14,723 (3.6%) 20,128 (4.1%) 27,448 (4.1%) 43,695 (5.1%) 76,778 (7.0%) 58,826 (6.2%)

 Relatit pages 

Cuisine o Sakha
Muisic o Sakha
The Lena Pillars
Pleistocene Park

 Notes 

 References 

 Freemit airtins 

 Offeecial wabsteid o the govrenment o the Sakha Republic 


Category:States an territories established in 1922
Category:Laptev Sea
Category:East Siberie Sea
Category:Geografie o Northeast Asie