Federal Destrict (Brazil)

The Federal Destrict (, ) is set apairt for Brasília, the caipital o Brazil. Locatit in a region cried Planalto Central, or Central Plateau, the Federal Destrict is dividit in 29 admeenistrative regions. Brasilia - place whaur the three branches o the Federal Govrenment are locatit - is the main attraction o this dry aurie an climate wi anerlie twa saisons. Durin the dry saison (winter), the humidity can reach critical levels, mainly in the peak oors o the hettest days. The airtificial lake o Paranoá, wi amaist 40 km2 (15 sq mi) an 500 million cubic metres (410,000 acre·ft) o watter, wis biggit exactly tae minimize the severe dry climatic conditions o winter in the cerrado—savannah-lik vegetation. Besides businessmen an politeecians, the region an aa attracts mystics an thare are several syncretic or spiritualistic temples mainly near naitur here.

 History 
The ceevil govrenment wis transferred frae Rio de Janeiro's Catete Palace tae Brasília on Aprile 21, 1960, which wis then split aff frae Goiás (major pairt) an Minas Gerais. Efter the transfer, the municipality o Rio de Janeiro became the Estado da Guanabara (State o Guanabara), which existit frae 1960 till 1975 when the State o Guanabara an the State o Rio de Janeiro merged an assumed the name o Rio de Janeiro State, haein as caipital the ceety o Rio de Janeiro.

Oreeginally, the majority o the population consistit o "Candango" wirkers frae ither states who biggit the caipital an federal govrenment employees who wur transferred tae the new caipital. The caipital is a thoroughly planned ceety wi designatit auries for residence, businesses, schuils, kirks, etc.  Nae streets hae names, but are identifee'd instead bi letters an nummers arranged in a geographical seestem accordin tae blocs (Q-Quadras) an sectors (S-Setor e.g.: SB - Setor Bancario or "Bank Section").  Oreeginally biggit for up tae ane million indwallers, the ceety nou haes mair nor twice the amount.  Due tae its complex organisation, the growth o the ceety itsel haes been slow.  This haes forced mony tae settle in neighborin ceeties aroond Brasília, which nou hoose a significant percentage o the whole population.

 Demographics 
Accordin tae the IBGE o 2007, thare wur 2,393,000 fowk residin in the Brazilian Federal Destrict. The population density wis 410.9 indwallers per square kilometre (1,064 /sq mi).

Urbanization: 94% (2006); Population growth: 2.8% (1991–2000); Hooses: 697,000 (2006).Source: PNAD.

The last PNAD (Naitional Research for Sample o Domiciles) census revealed the follaein nummers:  1,253,000 Brown (Multiracial) fowk (49.60%), 1,045,000 White fowk (41.37%), 206,000 Black fowk (8.14%), 11,000 Asian fowk (0.44%), 8,000 Amerindian fowk (0.33%).

 Tourism an recreation 
The Ceety Pairk – Sarah Kubitschek

Locatit in Brasília, the "Parque da Cidade" ("Ceety Pairk"), which is named efter the wife o Brazilian preses Juscelino Kubitschek, extends ower fower million square meters. It includes landscape wirks o Burle Marx, an waw tiles that decorate restrooms in the Pairk designed bi Athos Bulcão. Equipped wi sports courts, a horse track, a racin kart track, skate tracks, playgrunds for childer, bicycle tracks an trails for walks an joggin, the Ceety Pairk attracts hunders o fowk iveryday, specially on weekends. The Pairk's main entrance is locatit in the Monumental Axle Sooth, but thare are seicontary exits that lead tae ither auries in the ceety's Sooth Wing.

The Metropolitan Cathedral o Brasilia
Designed bi Oscar Niemeyer, it wis inauguratit in 1970. Its shape is circular horizontally an structured aroond 16 curved pillars, formin a croun filled wi futuristic an/or spatial stained-gless wirks in a triangular shape. The pillars evoke reversed prayin haunds that deconstruct the gothic traditional kirk windae pattern, but conserves the triangular vaginal shape o the stained-glasses. The curves present in mony o Niemeyer's wirks pey homage tae the beautifully-biggit bodies o Brazilian weemen.

The stained-glasses wur designed bi Marianne Peretti. Thair disposition ensures naitural lichtin intae the aisle, which wis biggit belaw street level. Aroond the kirk, in the ootside aurie, visitors can see Alfredo Ceschiatti's sculptures – the fower evangelists – an inside, suspendit angels. Thare are an aa paintins bi Di Cavalcanti, representin the stages o the Passion o Christ, an paintins bi Athos Bulcão. The Cathedral is locatit in the Eixo Monumental mall, at the entry tae the Esplanada dos Ministerios, or Ministries Sector.

The "Three Pouers Square"

Praça dos Três Poderes concentrates some o the maist important an significant biggins in the wirk an career o Oscar Niemeyer – the Planalto Palace, heidquarters o Brazilian Presidency; the Naitional Congress, hostin the Chamber o Deputies an the Federal Senate; an the Heicher Courts o Juistice. The Square an aa hosts: the "Panteão da Pátria" (the Mitherland Pantheon), the Lúcio Costa Space an three important sculpturs – "Pombal", bi Niemeyer; "Juistice", bi Alfredo Ceschiatti; an "Os Candangos", bi Bruno Giorgi. In the central plaza, a giant Brazilian naitional banner 286 square meters (3,080 sq ft) is supportit bi a triangular black 100-metre (330 ft) an heich pole. It is locatit at the end o the Esplanada dos Ministerios.

 Interestin facts 
Vehicles: 910,502 (Mairch/2007);
Mobile phones: 2.7 million (Apryle/2007); Telephones: 884 thoosan (Apryle/2007); Ceeties: 1 (2007).Source: IBGE.
Area: The Brazilian Federal Destrict is mair nor dooble the size o: Tokyo (Japan) an island o Maui (Hawaii, USA).  It is slichtly lairger than the French Polynesie, the US State o Rhode Island, an Cape Verde.  It is slichtly smawer than: Bali (Indonesie) an Trinidad an Tobago.

 Economy 
The service sector is the lairgest component o GDP at 92.5%, follaed bi the industrial sector at 7.1%. Agricultur represents 0.4% o GDP (2004). Brazilian Federal Destrict exports: soybean 77.1% an gowd 16.4% (2002).

Share o the Brazilian economy: 3.7% (2005).

 Education 

 Educational institutions 
 Universidade de Brasília (UnB) (Varsity o Brasília);
 Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB) (Catholic Varsity o Brasília);
 Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB);
 Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal (UniDF);
 Centro Universitário Euroamericano (UNIEURO);
 Instituto de Educação Superior de Brasília (IESB);
 União Pioneira da Integração Social (UPIS);
 Universidade Paulista (UniP) (Paulista Varsity);
 an mony ithers.

 Infrastructur 
 International Airport 

Brasília International Airport is the third lairgest in Brazil in terms o passenger muivement. Acause o its strategic location it is considered a ceevil aviation hub for the rest o the kintra. This maks for a lairge nummer o takeaffs an landins an it is no unuisual for flichts tae hae tae wait in the hauldin pattern tae land. Follaein the airport's maister plan, Infraero biggit a seicont runway in 2005. In 2003, the fowert phase o the passenger terminal expansion wis completit. It raised its capacity tae 7.4 million passengers a year. The third floor o the main biggin, wi 12 thoosan square meters, haes a panoramic deck, a fuid court, shops, fower movie theaters wi tot capacity o 500 fowk, an space for exhibitions. Thare are a tot o 136 shop spots at the Brasília Airport.

 Subway 
Brasília's Subway is the rail seestem o Distrito Federal. It is operatit bi Metrô-DF (Companhia dae Metropolitano dae Distrito Federal). an opened in 2001. The seestem haes ten stations on twa lines in operation frae 6:00 AM tae 11:30 PM, Monday throu Friday. It covers maist o the metropolitan aurie. Its main problem is the sheer distance atween stations, makin it a sma component in the Federal Destrict transit seestem, whaur a dysfunctional bus network is still predominant. The ceety o Águas Claras is well-served bi the subwey, makin it ane o the fastest-growin auries in Brasilia.

 Sports 
Free Flyin

Brasília is kent as a depairtin pynt for the practice o free flyin sports, a sport that mey be practiced wi Hang Gliding or Paraglidin wings. Practitioners o sic sports reveal that, acause o the ceety's dry wather, the ceety affers strang thermal winds an great "cloud-streets" – which is an aa the name for a manoeuvre quite appreciatit bi practitioners. The naitional caipital hostit the 14t Hang Glidin Warld Championship – ane o the categories o free flyin – in 2003. In August 2005, it hostit the 2nt stage o the Brazilian Hang Glidin Championship.

Brasília is ane o the 12 ceeties tae host gemmes o the 2014 FIFA Warld Cup, tae tak place in the kintra.

 Flag 
The white backgrund o the banner staunds for peace, an gies the idea o infinity, or the vast Brazilian territory. The green an yellae colours in the middle refer tae the maist commonly uised o the fower colours o the naitional banner tae represent Brazil. The fower yellae arraes seembolise the native naitions o Brazil, whauras thair pointin intae the fower cardinal directions o the compass staunds for the centralized emanatin poleetical pouer o Brasilia, as the caipital o the kintras. The yellae arraes an aa form a cross, which seembolizes baith the Soothren Cross, a constellation seen anerlie in the Soothren Hemisphere an the Roman Catholic or Christian seembol o redemption brocht bi Pedro Álvares Cabral an unner whose shadae the first Mass in Brazil wis celebratit in 1500 in Bahia. Wi thair feathers, the arraes form a lozange in the middle, a reference tae yellae lozange o the naitional banner, that staunds for Brazil's mineral riches.

The banner wis creatit bi the poet an herald Guilherme de Almeida, an wis adoptit bi decree n.o 1090 on August 25, 1969.

 Votin richts 
Residents o the Federal Destrict elect aicht representatives tae the Chamber o Deputies an three senators.

 References 

 Freemit airtins 

  Offeecial Wabsteid 
  Brazilian Tourism Portal 
  Map o the Brazilian Federal Destrict 


*Federal Destrict
Category:Caipital destricts an territories
Category:States an territories established in 1960