Chuquisaca Depairtment

Chuquisaca is a depairtment o Bolivie locatit in the centre sooth. It borders on the depairtments o Cochabamba, Tarija, Potosí, an Santa Cruz. The depairtmental caipital is Sucre, which is the constitutional caipital o Bolivie an aw.

Geography
The depairtment is traversed bi the main cordillera o the Andes muntain range an lesser cordilleras. Pairts o it lie athin the basin o the Amazon River, an ither pairts athin the basin o the Río de La Plata.  The surface aurie o the depairtment is 51,524 square kilometers.  The topography o central Chuquisaca consists o a series o ridges risin up tae 1500 m that run north an sooth wi flat valleys atween the ridges. Tae the east o thir ridges abruptly rise the Andes Muntains tae 3000 m formin a prepuna landmass that is cut intae bi lairge river glens that drain intae the Amazon or Rio de la Plata river basins.  Tae the wast o the central ridges lees a stretch o territory containin law altitude flat Chaco topography. 90% o the land in the depairtment o Chuquisaca haes inclination o 70% or mair.

Ecological an Vegetation Zones
Ecological an vegetation zones in the depairtment o Chuquisaca vary widely accordin tae a diversity o abiotic factors includin soil formation an texturs, rainfaw patterns, an mineral an salinity content o watter.  Altitude plays an important role in the dispersion o vegetation species an wider ecoseestems as thay respond tae microclimates. As the Andes Muntains became upliftit, plants adaptit tae dryer an heicher microclimates resultin in a heich level o speciation especially in the dry forest river glens o the Bolivie-Tucuman formation. Caulder an dryer air frae mair austral pairts o Sooth Americae hae resultit in migration o plant commonties wi a floristic connection tae those in Argentinae, Paraguay an Soothren Brazil as opposed tae mair tropical plant commonties that result frae wairm an moist northren climates.  Navarro an Ferreira hae developit a database o plant species in Bolivie an identifeed 39 separate vegetation zones in Bolivie athin twal general pheesiographic-biogeographical units o which fower faw in the boondaries o Chuquisaca Depairtment includin:  Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional, Prepuna or Heich Interandean Howie, Bolivie-Tucuman Formation, an Chaco.  Uisin Navarro an Ferreira’s categories an descriptions based on vegetation zones, the geographical an ecological characteristics o the Chuquisaca Depairtment can be describit as follaes.

Cordillera Oriental Central y Meridional: Frae an altitude o 3200m in Chuquisaca tae nearly 6000 meters in Potosi, this zone is characterizit bi the puna, altoandean, an subnival an nival ecological zones wi a pluviestacional subhumit bioclimate.

Prepuna or Heich Interandean Valleys:  Frae 2300m tae 3200m, this zone is characterizit bi a mesotropical dry xeric bioclimatic zone.  Seasonally torrential watters an salinity levels affect regional vegetation patterns in this zone.

Bolivie-Tucuman Formation:  Wi a wide altitude range atween 600m tae 3900m this zone contains pluviestacional subhumid an locally humid bioclimatic zones. The heich altitude Rio Grande an Pilcomayo river glens transect this unit an are characterizit bi dry xeric vegetation zones wi endemic an variet speciation especially in the Rio Grande river glen an vegetation influence frae the Chaco in the Pilcomayo river glen.  Wet forest ecoseestems lik those foond in mair northren Yungas glens are foond on heich ridges whaur clouds form.thumb|Xeric River Valley near Presto, Bolivie

Chaco: frae 400–900 m this unit is characterizit bi a xeric bioclimate. Sandy soils in this unit wur formit frae alluvial processes frae the Parapeti an Grande rivers. Soil drainage affects vegetation dispersion athin this unit.

Human Ecological Impacts
Wi a human population o 631,000 fowk humans are a pairt o the ecology o Chuquisaca.  The grazin o cattle an introduction o invasive feral citrus trees haes affectit the native plant populations in the depairtment. Native forests an ecoseestems hae contractit as land haes been convertit tae pastur an erosion is widespread as a result o human agricultural activities on steep slopes.

Govrenment
The chief executive office o Bolivie depairtments (syne Mey 2010) is the govrenor; till then, the office wis cried the prefect, an till 2006 the prefect wis appointit bi the Preses o Bolivie. The current govrenor, Esteban Urquizu Cuéllar o the Muivement for Socialism – Poleetical Instrument for the Sovereignty o the Fowks wis electit on 4 Aprile 2010.

 Date Began Date Endit Prefect/Govrenor Pairty Notes 23 Jan 2006 30 Aug 2007 David Sánchez Heredia MAS-IPSP First electit prefect. Electit in Bolivie general election, December 2005; Resigns temporarily amid ceety-kintraside tensions. 30 Aug 2007 20 Sep 2007   Adrián Valeriano (actin)   MAS-IPSP 20 Sep 2007 18 Dec 2007   David Sanchez Heredia  MAS-IPSP Fled the depairtment (24 Nov), an later the kintra (4 Dec), follaein the daiths o three civic muivement protesters durin a disputit session o the Bolivie Constituent Assembly. Resigns in exile. 18 Dec 2007 11 Jul 2008   Ariel Iriarte (actin) MAS-IPSP 11 Jul 2008 30 Mey 2010   Sabina Cuéllar Leaños ACI Electit in special election on 29 Juin; feenal prefect 30 Mey 2010  Esteban Urquizu Cuéllar MAS-IPSP Electit in regional election on 4 Aprile; first govrenorSource: worldstatesmen.org

Legislative Assembly
Unner the 2009 Constitution, each Bolivie depairtment haes an electit Depairtmental Legislative Assembly. The first elections wur held 4 Aprile 2010. The majority pairty in the twinty-ane member assembly is the Muivement towards Socialism (MAS-IPSP) wi 15 seats. Fower seats are held bi We Are Aw Chuquisaca. Twa seats wur selectit bi the Guaraní fowk throu usos y costumbres.

Provinces
The depairtment is dividit intae 10 provinces which are further subdividit intae municipalities an cantons.

NamePopulationAurie km²Caipitalcenter|250pxOropeza                  275.765 3.943SucreAzurduy                  27.9734.185AzurduyJaime Zudáñez                  34.640 3.738PrestoTomina                    38.359 3.947PadillaHernando Siles    37.0355.473MonteagudoYamparáez              28.797 1.472TarabucoNor Cinti             71.084 7.983CamargoSud Cinti 24.0105.484Villa AbeciaBelisario Boeto 12.2372.000Villa SerranoLuis Calvo 22.27513.299Villa Vaca Guzmán (Muyupampa)

History
The native indwallers wur the Charcas, who wur dispersed alang riverbanks an lawlands. Thair leaders, jampiris, sorcerers, an priests residit in the caipital, Choque-Chaca, which accordin tae 17t century chronicles haed a population o several thoosand.

The caipital ceety o Sucre
Sucre (elev. 2750 m) is cried the ceety o the fower names, each name correspondin tae a different period o its history. It wis foondit bi the Spaniard Pedro de Anzures in 1538. It thrivit due tae its regional proximity tae the famous siller mines o Potosi, an as Charcas servit as caipital o the Real Audiencia de Charcas, encompassin aw o current Bolivie's territory an mair. Revertin tae its native name o Chuquisaca, it wis the Upper Peru's chief admeenistrative centre an lairgest ceety. It wis thare that the first public caw for unthirldom frae Spain teuk place, on 25 Mey 1809, an whaur the Act o Unthirldom frae Spainyie rule wis signed on 6 August 1825. It wis immediately designatit the caipital o independent Bolivie, unner the auspices o Simon Bolivar an Antonio Jose de Sucre. Years later, the ceety o Chuquisaca wis renamit Sucre in honour o the Venezuelan hero o Sooth Americae's unthirldom, who haed servit as the first effective admeenistrator o the kintra (an seicont Preses).

When the centre o poleetical an economic pouer shiftit north, tae the tin-producin regions o Oruro an La Paz, Sucre's importance waned, leadin tae the displacement o the legislative an executive pouers tae La Paz. Housomeivver, in honour o Sucre's historical preponderance, the judicial branch (Supreme Court) continues tae operate thare, an the ceety's offeecial status as caipital o the kintra wis niver revokit.

 Leids 
The leids spaken in the depairtment are mainly Spaingie an Quechua. The follaein table shows the nummer o those belangin tae the recognizit group o speakers.obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo  (Spanish)

 Leid Depairtment BolivieQuechua298,0502,281,198Aymara4,3081,525,321Guaraní8,33062,575Anither native 14549,432Spaingie 376,0716,821,626Foreign8,840250,754Anerlie native122,401960,491Native an Spaingie185,5982,739,407Spaingie an foreign190,5994,115,751

 Places o interest 
 El Palmar Integratit Management Natural Aurie

 See an aw 
 Provinces o Bolivie

References

Freemit airtins
 Chuquisaca Travel Guide 
 Weather in Chuquisaca 


Category:Depairtments o Bolivie