Nord (French depairtment)

Nord (; Wast Flemish an , ) is a depairtment in the far north o Fraunce. It wis creatit frae the wastren halves o the historical coonties o Flanders an Hainaut (the eastren halves bein in Belgium), an the Bishopric o Cambrai. The modren coat o airms wis inheritit frae the Coonty o Flanders. Nord is the anerlie French département in which a Dutch dialect (French Flemish) is spoken alang wi French as a native leid. It is the kintra's maist muckle depairtment.

 History 
Nord wis ane o the oreeginal 83 depairtments that wur creatit durin the French Revolution on 4 Mairch 1790. It wis made up o three regions: the Coonties o Flanders an Hainaut, an the Bishopric o Cambrai, which wur cedit tae Fraunce in successive treaties (1659, 1668, an 1678).
Durin the 4t an 5t centuries, the Roman practice o cooptin Germanic tribes tae provide military an defence services alang the route frae Boulogne tae Cologne creatit a Germanic-Romance linguistic mairch in the region that persistit till the 8t century. Saxon colonization intae the region frae the 5t tae the 8t centuries likely extendit the linguistic mairch somewha sooth sae that bi the 9t century maist indwallers north o Lille spoke a dialect o Middle Dutch, while the indwallers tae the sooth spoke a variety o Romance dialects. This linguistic mairch is still evident the day in the place names o the region.  Efter the 9t century, the linguistic mairch began tae shift north an east, a process acceleratit bi modren govrenment policies that recognise French as the kintra's offeecial leid. Thare are currently 20,000 speakers o a subset o the Dutch dialect Wast Flemish in the arrondissement o Dunkirk an this pairticular subset is in danger o extinction athin decades.

 Geography 
Nord is pairt o the current Nord-Pas-de-Calais region an is surroondit bi the French depairtments o Pas-de-Calais an Aisne, as well as bi Belgium an the North Sea.

Situatit in the north o the kintra alang the wastren hauf o the Belgian frontier, the depairtment is unuisually lang an narrae. Its principal ceety is Lille, which wi nearbi Roubaix, Tourcoing an Villeneuve d'Ascq constitutes the centre o a cluster o industrial an umwhile minin touns totalling slichtly ower a million indwallers. Ither important ceeties are Valenciennes, Douai, an Dunkirk.
The principal rivers are the follaein:
Yser
Lys
Escaut
Scarpe
Sambre

 Economy 
At the forefront o Fraunce's 19t century industrialisation, the aurie suffered severely durin Warld War I an nou faces the economic, social an environmental problems associatit wi the decline o coal minin wi its neighbours follaein the earlier decline o the Lille-Roubaix textile industry.

Till recently, the depairtment wis dominatit economically bi coal minin, which extendit throu the hert o the depairtment frae neighbourin Artois intae central Belgium.

 Demographics 
Nord is the maist hivily populatit depairtment, wi a population o 2,583,493 an an aurie o 5,743 km².

 Politics 

The Preses o the General Cooncil is the Socialist Bernard Derosier.

 See an aw 
Cantons o the Nord depairtment
Communes o the Nord depairtment
Arrondissements o the Nord depairtment (Fraunce)
French Flemish
Université Lille Nord de France

 References 
INSEE

 Freemit airtins 
  Prefectur wabsteid 
  General Cooncil wabsteid 



Category:Flanders