Chemnitz

Chemnitz (;  , ; kent frae 1953 tae 1990 as Karl-Marx-Stadt) is the third-lairgest ceety o the Free State o Saxony, Germany.  Chemnitz is an independent ceety which is no pairt o ony destrict an seat o the govrenment region Direktionsbezirk Chemnitz.  Locatit in the northren fuithills o the Ore Muntains, it is a pairt o the Saxon triangle metropolitan aurie comprisin 3.5 million fowk.  The ceety's economy is based on the service sector an manufacturin industry.  The Chemnitz University o Technology haes aroond 10,000 students an is the centre o scientific life.

 Etymology 
Chemnitz is named efter the river Chemnitz, a sma tributary o the Zwickauer Mulde. The wird "Chemnitz" is frae the Sorbian leid an means "stany brook".  In German, "Chemnitz" is pronoonced . It is kent in Czech as Saská Kamenice.

 History 
An early Slavic tribe's settlement wis locatit at Kamienica, an the first documentit uise o Chemnitz wis the 1143 steid o a Benedictine monastery, aroond which a settlement grew.  Circa 1170 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor grantit it the richts o an imperial ceety.  In 1307, the toun became subordinate tae the margraviate o Meissen (the predecessor o the Saxon state).  In medieval times Chemnitz became a centre o textile production an trade. Mair nor ane third o the population wirked in textile production. Bi the early 19t century Chemnitz haed become an industrial centre (sometimes cried "the Saxon Manchester").  In 1913, Chemnitz haed a population o 320,000 an is ane o vera few ceeties which wur lairger at that time than they are the day.

Durin Warld War II, Chemnitz includit factories that produced military hardware an a Flossenbürg forced labour subcamp (500 female inmates) for Astra-Werke AG. The ile refinery wis a target for bombers durin the Ile Campaign o Warld War II, an Operation Thunderclap attacks includit the follaein raids:

 14/15 Februar 1945: The first major raid on Chemnitz uised 717 RAF bombers, but due tae clood cover maist bombs fell ower open kintraside
 2/3–5 Mairch: USAAF bombers attacked the marshalling yards.
 5 Mairch: 760 RAF attacked.

The heidquarters o the auto manufacturer Auto Union wur an aa based in Chemnitz syne 1932 an its biggins wur an aa badly damaged. At the end o the war, the company's executives fled an relocatit the company in Ingolstadt, Bavarie—whaur it evolved intae the modren day Audi company o the day.

The Warld War II bombins left maist o the ceety in ruins, an post-war, the East German reconstruction includit lairge law rise (an later heich-rise plattenbau) hoosin.  Some tourist steids wur reconstructit durin the DDR era an efter German reunification.

Frae 10 Mey 1953 tae 21 June 1990, Chemnitz wis named  Karl-Marx-Stadt ().

Internaitional relations

 Sister ceeties 

Chemnitz is twinned wi a number o ceeties aroond the warld:
  Tampere, Finland (October 1961)
  Ljubljana, Slovenie (October 17, 1966)
  Arras, Fraunce (1967)
  Timbuktu, Mali (October 6, 1968)
  Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic (Julie 17, 1970)
  Łódź, Poland (1972)  Mulhouse, France (October 7, 1981)
  Manchester, England, Unitit Kinrick (March 18, 1983)
  Volgograd, Roushie (Mey 6, 1988)
  Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalie, Germany (Aprile 13, 1988)
  Akron, Ohio, Unitit States (Aprile 20, 1997)
  Taiyuan, Cheenae (May 17, 1999)

References


Category:Ceeties in Saxony
Category:Ile Campaign o Warld War II