Persie leid

Persie (local name: , Fārsi ) is an Iranie leid athin the Indo-Iranie brainch o the Indo-European leids. It is widely spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan an tae some extent in Armenie, Iraq, Bahrain, an Oman.

The Persie leid, whase native names is فارسی Fārsi, Dari (the dialect o Afghanistan) or Fārsi-ye-Dari (Dari Persian), can be clessifee'd linguistically as a conteenuation o Middle Persie, the offeecial releegious an leeterar leid o Sassanid Persie, itsel a conteenuation o Auld Persian, the leid o the Persiae Empire in Achaemenids era.  Persie is a pluricentric leid an its grammar is seemilar tae that o mony contemporar European leids.Richard Davis, “Persian” in Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, “Medieval Islamic Civilization”, Taylor & Francis, 2006. Ppg 602-603.  “The grammar of New Persian is similar to many contemporary European languages.” “Persian has, in general, confined its borrowings from Arabic to lexical items, and its morphology is relatively unaffected by the influence of Arabic, being confined to a few conventions such as (usually optional) use of Arabic plurals for Arabic-derived words (as an English speaker may use Latin plurals for Latin loan words in English)...  Similarly, the core vocabulary of Persian continued to be derived from Pahlavi, but Arabic lexical items predominated for more abstract or abstruse subjects and often replaced their Persian equivalents in polite discourse.”  The Persie leid haes been a medium for leeterar an scienteefic contreibutions tae the eastren hauf o the Muslim warld.

Persie haes haed a conseederable influence on neebourin leids, in parteecular the Turkic leids in Central Asie, Caucasus, an Anatolie, neebourin Iranie leids, as weel as Armenie, Arabic an ither leids. It haes exertit a strang influence on Sooth Asie leids an aw, specially Urdu, as weel as Hindi, Punjabi, Sindhi an Bengali.Professor. Gilbert Lazard, : The language known as New Persian, which usually is called at this period (early Islamic times) by the name of Dari or Parsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as Avestan, Parthian, Soghdian, Kurdish, Balochi, Pashto, etc., Old Middle and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It haed its origin in Fars (the true Persian kintra frae the historical point o view) an is differentiatit bi dialectical features, still easy recognisable frae the dialect prevailin in north-wastren an eastren Iran in (Lazard, Gilbert 1975, “The Rise of the New Persian Language” in Frye, R. N., The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, pp. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lazard, Gilbert, "Pahlavi, Pârsi, dari: Les langues d'Iran d'apès Ibn al-Muqaffa" in R.N. Frye, "Iran and Islam. In Memory of the late Vladimir Minorsky", Edinburgh University Press, 1971.Ann K. S. Lambton, "Persian grammar", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University Press 1953. Excerpt: "The Arabic words incorporated into the Persian language have become Persianized".

 References 

Category:Iranian cultur
Category:Leids o Afghanistan
Category:Leids o Iran
Category:Leids o Iraq
Category:Leids o Tajikistan

Category:Soothwastren Iranie leids
Category:Subject–object–verb leids