Saunt Petersburg

Saunt Petersburg () is a ceety an a federal subject (a federal ceety) o Roushie locatit on the Neva River at the heid o the Guwf o Finland on the Easter Seas. The ceety's ither names wis Petrograd  (, 1914–1924) an Leningrad (, 1924–1991). It is aften cawed juist Petersburg () an is informally kent as Piter ().

Foondit bi Tsar Peter the Great on 27 Mey 1703, it wis the caipital o the Roushie Empire for mair nor twa hunder years (1713–1728, 1732–1918). Saunt Petersburg ceased bein the caipital in 1918 efter the Roushie Revolution o 1917. It is Roushie's seicont lairgest ceety efter Moscow wi 4.6 million indwallers, an fowert in Europe efter Istanbul, Lunnon an Moscow. Saunt Petersburg is a major European cultural centre, an an important Roushie port on the Easter Seas.

Saunt Petersburg is aften describit as the maist Wastren ceety o Roushie. Amang ceeties o the warld wi ower ane million fowk, Saunt Petersburg is the northmaist. The Heestoric Centre o Saunt Petersburg an Related Groups o Monuments constitute a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid. Saunt Petersburg is an aa hame tae The Hermitage, the lairgest airt museum in the warld. Roushie's poleetical an cultural centre for 200 year, the ceety is whiles referred tae in Roushie as the Northren Caipital. Ower its history it haes been referencit as "the Venice o the north" an the "Northren Palmira" an aw. A lairge nummer o foreign consulates, internaitional corporations, banks an ither businesses are locatit in Saunt Petersburg.

 Demografics 

Saunt Petersburg is the seicont lairgest ceety in Roushie. Per the 2010 Census, the federal subject's population is 4,879,566, or 3.4% o the tot population o Roushie; up frae 4,661,219 (3.21%) recordit in the 2002 Census, an doun frae 5,023,506 recordit in the 1989 Census.

The 2010 Census recordit the ethnic composition as follaes: Roushie 92.5%, Ukrainian 1.5%, Belaroushies 0.9%, Jewish 0.6%, Tatar 0.7%, Uzbek 0.5%, Armenie 0.5%, Azeri 0.4%, Tajik 0.3%, Georgie 0.2%, Moldovan 0.2%, Finns 0.1%. Additionally, 652,827 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.

The 20t century saw hectic ups an douns in population. Frae 2.4 million in 1916 it haed droppit tae less nor 740,000 bi 1920 durin the Roushie Revolution an Roushie Ceevil War. The minorities o Germans, Poles, Finns, Estonies an Latvies wur amaist completely transferred frae Leningrad durin the 1930s.Martin, Terry (1998). The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing. The Journal of Modern History 70.4, 813–861. Frae 1941 tae the end o 1943, population droppit frae 3 million tae less nor 600,000, as fowk dee'd in battles, starvit tae daith durin the Siege o Leningrad, or wur evacuatit. Efter the siege, some o the evacuees returned, but maist influx wis due tae migration frae ither pairts o the Soviet Union. The ceety absorbit aboot 3 million fowk in the 1950s an grew tae ower 5 million in the 1980s. Frae 1991 tae 2006 the ceety's population decreased tae the 4.6 million, while the suburban population increased due tae privatization o land an massive muive tae suburbs. Based on the 2010 census results the current population is ower 4.8 million.Чистякова Н. Третье сокращение численности населения... и последнее? Демоскоп Weekly 163 – 164, August 1–15, 2004.Russian source: "Encyclopedia of Saint Petersburg" Чистяков А. Ю. Население (обзорная статья) . Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга The birth rate remains lawer than the daith rate; fowk ower 65 constitute mair nor twinty percent o the population; an the median age is aboot 40 year.Russian statistics Основные показатели социально-демографической ситуации в Санкт-Петербурге 

Fowk in urban Saunt Petersburg live maistly in apairtments. Atween 1918 an the 1990s, the Soviets naitionalisit hoosin an forcit residents tae share communal apairtments (kommunalkas). Wi 68% livin in shared flats in the 1930s, Leningrad wis the ceety in the USSR wi the lairgest nummer o kommunalkas. Resettlin residents o kommunalkas is nou on the wey oot, albeit shared apairtments are still no uncommon. As new burghs wur biggit on the ootskirts in the 1950s–1980s, ower hauf a million law income faimilies eventually receivit free apairtments, an aboot an additional hunder thoosan condos wur purchased. While economic an social activity is concentratit in the historic ceety centre, the richest pairt o Saunt Petersburg, maist fowk live in commuter auries. For the first hauf o 2007, the birth rate wis 9.1 per 1000.

 Govrenment 


Saunt Petersburg is a federal subject of Roushie. The poleetical life o Saunt Petersburg is regulatit bi the ceety chairter adoptit bi the ceety legislatur in 1998. The superior executive body is the Saunt Petersburg Ceety Admeenistration, led bi the govrenor (mayor afore 1996). Saunt Petersburg haes a single-chamber legislatur, the Saunt Petersburg Legislative Assembly.

Accordin tae the federal law passed in 2004, heids o federal subjects, includin the govrenor o Saint Petersburg, are nominatit bi the Preses o Roushie an approvit bi local legislaturs. If the legislatur disappruives the nominee, it is dissolvit.

Saunt Petersburg ceety is currently dividit intae aichteen districts. Saunt Petersburg is an aw the admeenistrative centre o Leningrad Oblast, an o the Northwastren Federal Destrict. The Constitutional Court o Roushie muivit tae Saunt Petersburg frae Moscow in Mey 2008.

Saunt Petersburg an Leningrad Oblast, bein twa different federal subjects, share a nummer o local depairtments o federal executive agencies an courts, sic as court o arbitration, polis, FSB, postal service, drog enforcement admeenistration, penitentiary service, federal registration service, an ither federal services.

Twin touns an sister ceeties

Leet o sister ceeties tae Saunt Petersburg, juist lik it appears on the offeecial portal o the Ceety Govrenment, leetin baith sister ceeties an pairtnership tees:

Nan CIS/Baltic states sister ceeties o Saunt Petersburg (frae offeecial govrenment leet)  Aarhus, Denmark (syne 1989)
  Adana, Turkey (syne 1997)
  Faisalabad, Pakistan
  Antwerp, Belgium (syne 1958)
  Bangkok, Thailand (syne 1997)
  Barcelona, Spain (syne 1984)
  Bethlehem, Palestine (syne 2003)
  Bordeaux, Fraunce (syne 1991)
  Cape Toun, Sooth Africae (syne 2001)
  Colombo, Sri Lanka (syne 1997)
  Chengdu, Cheenae (syne 1998)
  Daegu, Sooth Korea (syne 1997)
  Dresden, Germany (syne 1961)
  Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
  Edinburgh, Unitit Kinrick (syne 1995)
  Gdańsk, Poland (syne 1961)
  Graz, Austrick (syne 2001)
  Göteborg, Swaden (syne 1962)
  Hamburg, Germany (syne 1957)
  Havana, Cuba (syne 2000)  Helsinki, Finland (syne 1993)
  Ho Chi Minh Ceety, Vietnam (syne 1977)
  Isfahan, Iran (syne 1999)
  Istanbul, Turkey (syne 1990)
  Kotka, Finland (syne 1997)
  Le Havre, Fraunce (syne 1965)
  Los Angeles, Unitit States (syne 1990)
  Lyon, Fraunce (syne 1993)
  Manchester, Unitit Kinrick (syne 1956)
  Melbourne, Australie (syne 1989)
  Mikkeli, Finland (syne 1996)
  Milan, Italy (syne 1961)
  Montevideo, Uruguay (syne 1998)
  Mumbai, Indiae (syne 1963)
  Nice, Fraunce (syne 1997)
  Osaka, Japan (syne 1961)  Paris, Fraunce (syne 1991)
  Piraeus, Greece (syne 1965)
  Plovdiv, Bulgarie (syne 2001)~Plovdiv Sister cities 
  Prague, Czech Republic (syne 1992)
  Quebec Ceety, Canadae (syne 2002)
  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (syne 1986)
  Rotterdam, Netherlands (syne 1966)
  Thessaloniki, Greece (syne 2002)
  Santiago, Cuba
  Shanghai, Cheenae (syne 1959)
  Stockholm, Sweaden (syne 1992)
  Tampere, Finland (syne 1993)
  Turku, Finland (syne 1953)
  Warsaw, Poland (syne 1997) 
  Zagreb, Croatie (syne 1968)
  Saint Petersburg, Unitit States
  Sofia, Bulgarie

Sister ceeties in the Commonweel o Unthirlt States an Baltic states:  Almaty, Kazakhstan (syne 1996)
  Baku, Azerbaijan (syne 1998)
  Dushanbe, Tajikistan (syne 1999)  Yerevan, Armenie (syne 1997)
  Vilnius, Lithuanie (syne 2002)
  Riga, Latvie (syne 1997)  Sevastopol, Ukraine (syne 2000)
  Daugavpils, Latvie (syne 2002)About Daugavpils

Ither sisterhuids no on the govrenment leet:
Sister ceeties o Saunt Petersburg (no includit on offeecial govrenment leet)  Aqaba, Jordan  (syne 2003)
  State o Maryland, Unitit States
  Lansing, Unitit States (syne 1992)
  Maribor, Slovenie. (syne 2001)Maribor sister cities
  Galveston, United States
  Osh, Kyrgyzstan (syne 2004)
  Chungcheongbuk-do, Sooth Korea (syne 2008)
  Mar del Plata, Argentinae (syne 2008)
  Guadalajara, Mexico (syne 2008)  Astana, Kazakhstan (syne 2008)
  Florence, Italy (syne 2001)
  Venice, Italy (syne 2006)
  Busan, Sooth Korea (syne 2008)
  Sousse, Tunisie (syne 2008)
  Oslo, Norawa (syne 2002)
  Hai Phong, Vietnam (syne 2008)
  Rishon LeZion, Israel (syne 1966)
  Košice, Slovakie (syne 1995)  Haifa, Israel (syne 2008)
  Khartoum, Sudan (syne 2002)
  Lviv, Ukraine (syne 2006)
  Ulan Bator, Mongolie (syne 2008)
  Debrecen, Hungary (syne 2002)
  Cebu Ceety, Philippines (syne 2008)
  Namp'o, North Korea (syne 2002)
  Porto Alegre, Brazil (syne 2002)

 References 

 Freemit airtins 








 Life o Saunt Petersburg in photos


Category:Populatit coastal places in Roushie
Category:Federal ceeties o Roushie
Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals
Category:Port ceeties an touns in Roushie
Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Easter Seas
Category:Populatit places established in 1703
Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Roushie