Urdu

Urdu  (, , ), forby said Lashkari (لشکری ˈləʃkəri)http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/uoc/PDF-FILES/(13)%20Kanwal%20Khalid-90-3-2015.pdf, is the heidmaist leid that is spak in Pakistan. It is in mony weys seemilar tae Hindi whan spak (the twa is mutually intelligable) it haes a different writin seestem that's taen frae the Arabic. There's 60-80 million native speakers, an 160 million tot.

 Letter Names and Phonemes 

 IsolatedLetter   Phoneme  Urdu Letter Name   Unicode   Nummer in  Urdu alphabet  IPA  Scots Letter   closest Phoneme in Scots closest Phoneme in Inglis  Nastaliq    diacritics    Romanizations      alif  number in Hannover ref = 1= =U+0627 - ا‎ - alef - ALEF -->        (example needed)     alif / alef    U+0627  1  1  bē  number in Hannover ref = 2= =U+0628 - ب‎ - beh - BEH -->      (example needed)  B in "bat"    bē / beh    U+0628   2  2 pē  number in Hannover ref = 3= =U+067E - پ‎ - peh -->       (example needed)     pē / peh     U+067E   3  3 tē  number in Hannover ref = 4= =U+062A - ت‎ - teh - TEH -->      (example needed)     tē / teh     U+062A   4  4  ṭē  number in Hannover ref = 5= =U+0679 - ٹ‎ - tteh -->      (example needed)     ṭē / tteh     U+0679   5  5 =U+062B - ث‎ - theh - THEH -->      (example needed)      sē / s̱ē    U+062B    6  6 =U+062C - ج‎ - jeem - JEEM -->     (example needed)      jīm / jeem     U+062C   7  7      (example needed)      čē / cē / tcheh    U+0686   8  8       (example needed)      baṛī ħē / baṛī ḥē     U+062D    9  9     "guttural" Kh   ch in "loch"      xē / khē / khah / k͟hē     U+062E    10  10  dāl  number in Hannover ref = 11= =U+062F - د‎ - dal - DAL -->      (example needed)       dāl / dal      U+062F    11 11      (example needed)       ḍāl / ddal    U+0688    12  12     (example needed)      zāl / ẕāl    U+0630    13  13      (example needed)      rē / reh      U+0631    14  14      (example needed)       ṛē / rreh      U+0691    15  15     (example needed)       zē / zey      U+0632    16  16      (example needed)      žē / zhē      U+0698    17  17      (example needed)      sīn / seen      U+0633    18  18       (example needed)       šīn / shīn / sheen      U+0634    19  19  swād  number in Hannover ref = 20= =U+0635 - ص‎ - sad - SAD -->      (example needed)      swād / sad / ṣwād     U+0635    20  20      (example needed)       żwād / ẓwād     U+0636    21  21       (example needed)      tō’ē / tah / tōē / t̤o'ē / toy    U+0637    22  22      (example needed)      zō’ē / zōē / z̤o'ē     U+0638    23  23        (example needed)      ‘ain / ain ayn      U+0639    24  24      (example needed)      ğain / ghain / g͟hain    U+063A    25  25  fē  number in Hannover ref = 26= =U+0641 - ف‎ - feh - FEH -->      (example needed)      fē / feh     U+0641    26  26      (example needed)     qāf / qaf     U+0642    27  27  kāf  number in Hannover ref = 28= =U+06A9 - ک‎ - keheh -->       (example needed)      kāf / kāf     U+06A9    28  28       (example needed)       gāf / gaf      U+06AF    29  29      (example needed)       lām / lam      U+0644    30  30  mīm  number in Hannover ref = 31= =U+0645 - م‎ - meem - MEEM -->      (example needed)       mīm / meem      U+0645    31  31 nūn  number in Hannover ref = 32 U+0646 - ن‎ - noon - NOON -->      (example needed)       nūn / noon      U+0646    32  32   nūn-e ğunnah  number in Hannover ref = 32a= = U+06BA - ں‎ - noon ghunna -->       (example needed)       nūn-e ğunnah / noon ghunna / nūn g͟hunnah    U+06BA     33           U+0658     vāō / wāō number in Hannover ref = 33= =U+0648 - و‎ - waw - WAW -->        (example needed)      vāō /  wāō / waw / wā'o   U+0648    34  33 gōl hē  number in Hannover ref = 34= =U+06C1 - ہ‎ - heh goal -->      (example needed)        gōl hē / heh goal / gol hē    U+06C1    35  34        čhōṭī hē      U+0647     Arabic      or    (example needed)         dō-čašmī hē /  heh doachashmee  / do-cashmī hē    U+06BE    36       (example needed)      čhōṭī yē / choṭī yē     U+06CC    38  35      (example needed)      baṛī yē / yeh barree    U+06D2    39  U+0626  number in Hannover ref = 35a= =U+0674 - ٴ‎ - high hamza -->         (example needed)       hamzah / hamza    U+0621   37  0 or 35        U+0626   

 See Inglis Wikipedia:  "Nastaliq".



 In the Urdu, hamza ء is silent in aw its forms apairt fae whan it is uised as hamza-e-izafat. The main hamza ء uiss in the Urdu is fur tae indicate a vowel cluster. In Urdu words, Hamza ء is aye attatcht ئ tae a form resemmlin the Arabic ى alef maksura [citation needit].

 Ayn ع in its initial عـ an final ـع poseition is uisually silent and is replaced by the forerinnin or follaein vowel soun.

References

Category:Hindustani leid
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Category:Indo-Aryan leids