Germany

Germany (, ), offeecially the Federal Republic o Germany (, ), is a federal pairlamentary republic in central-wastren Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area o , an haes a maistly temperate saisonal climate. Wi aboot 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the maist populous member state o the European Union. Efter the Unitit States, it is the saicont maist popular immigration destination in the warld. Germany's caipital an lairgest metropolis is Berlin, while its mucklest conurbation is the Ruhr (main centres: Dortmund an Essen). Ither major toons include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf an Leipzig.

Various Germanic tribes hae inhabitit the northren pairts o modren Germany syne clessical antiquity. A region named Germanie wis documentit afore 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expandit soothwart. Beginnin in the 10t century, German territories formed a central pairt o the Haly Roman Empire.The Laitin name Sacrum Imperium (Haly Empire) is documentit as far back as 1157. The Laitin name Sacrum Romanum Imperium (Haly Roman Empire) wis first documentit in 1254. The full name "Haly Roman Empire o the German Naition" (Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation) dates back tae the 15t century. During the 16t century, northren German regions becam the centre o the Protestant Reformation.

In 1871, Germany becam a nation state whan maist o the German states unified intae the Proushie-dominatit German Empire. Efter Warld War I an the German Revolution o 1918–1919, the Empire wis replaced bi the pairlamentary Weimar Republic. The establishment o the naitional socialist dictatorship in 1933 led tae Warld War II an the Holocaust. Efter a period o Allied occupation, twa German states wis foondit: the Federal Republic o Germany (commonly kent as Wast Germany) an the German Democratic Republic (commonly kent as East Germany). In 1990, the kintra wis reunifee'd.

In the 21st century, Germany is a great pouer an haes the warld's fowerth-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP, as weel as the fift-lairgest bi PPP. As a global leader in several industrial an technological sectors, it is baith the warld's third-lairgest exporter an importer o guids. Germany is a developit kintra wi a gey an heich staundart o livin susteened bi a skilled an productive society. It uphaulds a social security an universal heal care seestem, environmental pertection an a tuition-free varsity eddication.

Germany wis a foondin member o the European Union in 1993. It is pairt o the Schengen Area, an becam a co-foonder o the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member o the Unitit Naitions, NATO, the G8, the G20, an the OECD. The naitional militar expenditur is the 9t heichest in the warld. Kent fir its rich cultural history, Germany haes been continuously the hame o influential airtists, philosophers, muisickers, sportsfowk, entrepreneurs, scientists, ingineers, an inventors.

 Politics 
German Pairlament haes twa chambers:
 Bundestag - Pairlament
 Bundesrat - Chamber o federal kintras

 Federal states 

Germany haes 16 federal states:

 Baden-Württemberg
 Bavarie
 Berlin
 Brandenburg
 Bremen
 Hamburg
 Hessen
 Lawer Saxony 
 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
 North Rhine-Westphalie
 Rhineland-Palatinate
 Saarland
 Saxony
 Saxony-Anhalt
 Schleswig-Holstein
 Thuringie

Notes

References

Category:Central European kintras
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Category:G8 naitions