Garmisch-Partenkirchen

Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a resort toun in Bavarie, soothren Germany. It is the admeenistrative centre o the destrict o Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region, an the destrict is on the mairch wi Austrick.

History
Garmisch an Partenkirchen wur separate touns for mony centuries, an still maintain quite separate identities.

Partenkirchen oreeginatit as the Roman toun o Partanum on the tred route frae Venice tae Augsburg an is first mentioned in the year A.D. 15. Its main street, Ludwigsstrasse, follaes the oreeginal Roman road.

Garmisch is first mentioned some 800 years later as Germaneskau ("German Destrict"), suggestin that at some pynt a Teutonic tribe teuk up dounset in the wastren end o the valley.

The valley came unner the rule o the Bishop o Freising an wis governed bi a bishop's representative kent as a Pfleger (caretaker or warden) frae Werdenfels Castle on a cliff north o Garmisch.

The discovery o Americae at the turn o the 16t century led tae a boom in shippin an a sharp decline in owerland tred, whilk plunged the region intae a centuries-lang economic depression. The glen fluir wis swampy an difficult tae farm. Beirs, woufs an lynxes wis a constant threat tae livestock. The population suffered frae periodic epidemics, includin several serious ootbreaks o bubonic plague. Adverse fortunes frae disease an crap failure occasionally led tae witch hysterie. Maist notable o thaim wis the notorious trials an executions o 1589-1596, in whilk 63 victims — mair nor 10 percent o the population at the time — wur burned at the stake or garrotit.

Werdenfels Castle, whaur the accusit wur held, tried an executit, became an object o superstitious horror an wis abandoned in the 17t century. It wis lairgely torn doun in the 1750s an its stones uised tae big the baroque Neue Kirche (New Kirk) on Marienplatz, which wis completit in 1752. It replacit the nearbi Gothic Alte Kirche (Auld Kirk), pairts o which predatit Christianity an mey oreeginally hae been a pagan temple. Uised as a storehoose, airmory an haybarn for mony years, it haes syne been re-consecratit. Some o its medieval frescoes are still visible.

Garmisch an Partenkirchen remained separate till thair respective mayors wis forced bi Adolf Hitler tae combine the twa mercat touns in 1935 in anticipation o the 1936 Winter Olympic gemmes. The day, the unitit toun is casually (but incorrectly) referred tae as Garmisch, muckle tae the dismay o Partenkirchen's residents. Maist visitors will notice the slichtly mair modren feel o Garmisch while the fresco-fillet cobblestaned streets o Partenkirchen affer a glimpse intae times past. Early forenuins an late efternuins in pleasant wather aften fin local traffeck stoppit while the dairy cous is herdit tae an frae the naurhaun muntain meadaes.

Transportation
The toun is served bi Federal Heichway 2 as a continuation o the A95 Autobahn (motorway), whilk ends at Eschenlohe 16 km north o the ceety.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen is on the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen line an the Mittenwald Railway (Garmisch–Mittenwald–Innsbruck). It is the terminus o the Außerfern Railway tae Reutte in Tirol / Kempten im Allgäu an the Bavarian Zugspitze Railway (wi sections o rack railway) tae the Zugspitze, the heichest muntain in Germany. Regional services rin ivery oor tae München Hauptbahnhof an Mittenwald an ivery twa oors tae Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof an Reutte. In addition thare are special saisonal lang-distance services, includin ICEs, tae Berlin, Hamburg, Dortmund, Bremen an Innsbruck.

Several accessible hikin trails frae the toun is inspecially spectacular an civer baith the laicher an heicher elevations.

Sports
In 1936 it wis the site o the Winter Olympic Gemmes, the first tae featur alpine skiin. 
A variety o Nordic an alpine Warld Cup ski races are held here, uisually on the Kandahar Track ootwi the toun. Tradeetionally, a ski jumpin contest is held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen on New Year's Day, as a pairt o the Four Hills Tournament (Vierschanzen-Tournee).  The Warld Alpine Ski Championships wur held in Garmisch in 1978 an 2011.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a favored haliday spot for skiin, snawbuirdin, an hikin an' a', haein some o the best skiin auries (Garmisch Classic an Zugspitze) in Germany.

It wis annoonced on December 7, 2007, that Garmisch-Partenkirchen is pairt o a Bavarian bid tae host the 2018 Winter Olympics, wi pairtner candidates Munich an Schönau am Königsee (near Berchtesgaden).  The Winter Olympics wis last held in the German-speakin Alps in 1976 in naurhaun Innsbruck, Austrick.

Public institutions
The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies is an aa locatit in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The Marshall Center is an internaitionally fundit an maistly U.S.-staffed learnin an conference centre for govrenments frae aroond the warld, but primarily frae the umwhile Soviet Union an Eastren European kintras. It wis established in Juin 1993, replacin the U.S. Airmy Roushie Institute.  Near the Marshall Center is the American Airmed Forces Recreation Centers (Edelweiss Lodge and Resort) in Garmisch that sers U.S. an NATO military an thair faimilies.  A feck o U.S. troops an ceevilians is stationed in the toun tae provide logistical support tae the Marshall Center an Edelweiss Recreation Center.

References

Freemit airtins
 gapa.de - offeecial site - 
 Alpine Ski Maps.com  - winter cairt o Garmisch-Partenkirchen aurie
 Richard-Strauss-Institut 
 Richard-Strauss-Festival 
 Virtual Tour through Garmisch-Partenkirchen  

Category:Municipalities in Bavarie
Category:Ski auries an resorts in Germany
Category:Host ceeties o the Winter Olympic Gemmes
Category:Garmisch-Partenkirchen destrict
Category:Populatit places established in 1935