Hanoi

Hanoi () , estimatit population nearly 6.5 million (2009), is the caipital an seicont-lairgest ceety o Vietnam. Frae 1010 till 1802, it wis the maist important poleetical centre o Vietnam. It wis eclipsed bi Huế durin the Nguyễn Dynasty as the caipital o Vietnam, but Hanoi servit as the caipital o French Indocheenae frae 1902 tae 1954. Frae 1954 tae 1976, it wis the caipital o North Vietnam.

The ceety is locatit on the richt bank o the Red River. Hanoi is locatit at 1,760 km (1,090 mi) north o Ho Chi Minh Ceety.

History

 Pre-history 
Hanoi haes been inhabitit syne at least 3000 BC. Ane o the first kent permanent dounsets is the Co Loa citadel foondit aroond 200 BC.

Hanoi haes haed mony names throughoot history, aw o thaim o Sino-Vietnamese oreegin. Durin the Cheenese domination o Vietnam, it wis kent first as Long Biên, than Tống Bình (, Sòngpíng, "Song Peace") an Long Đỗ (, Lóngdù, "Dragonbelly"). In 866, it wis turned intae a citadel an namit Đại La (, Dàluó, "Big Net").

 Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh 
In 1010, Ly Thai To, the first ruler o the Lý Dynasty, muivit the caipital o Đại Việt tae the steid o the Đại La Citadel. Claimin tae hae seen a draigon ascendin the Reid River, he renamit the site Thăng Long (, "Risin Dragon") - a name still uised poetically tae this day. Thăng Long remained the caipital o Đại Việt till 1397, when it wis muivit tae Thanh Hóa, than kent as Tây Đô (), the "Wastren Caipital". Thăng Long than became Đông Đô (), the "Eastren Caipital."

In 1408, the Cheenese Ming Dynasty attackit an occupee'd Vietnam, chyngin Đông Đô's name tae "Eastren Gatewa" (, Dōngguān), Đông Quan in Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese owerthrew the Cheenese unner the leadership o Lê Lợi, whae later foondit the Lê Dynasty an renamed Đông Quan Đông Kinh (, "Eastren Caipital") or Tonkin. Richt efter the end o the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it wis namit Bắc Thành (, "Northren Citadel").

 Durin Nguyễn Dynasty an French colonial era 
In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty wis established an muivit the caipital tae Huế, the auld name Thăng Long wis modifee'd tae acome Thăng Long (, "Ascendin & Flourishin"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamit it Hà Nội (, "Atween Rivers" or "River Interior"). Hanoi wis occupee'd bi the French in 1873 an passed tae thaim ten year later. As Hanoï, it became the caipital o French Indocheenae efter 1887.

 Durin twa wars 
The ceety wis occupee'd bi the Japanese in 1940 an leeberatit in 1945, whan it briefly became the seat o the Viet Minh govrenment efter Ho Chi Minh proclaimit the unthirldom o Vietnam. Housomeivver, the French returned an reoccupee'd the ceety in 1946. Efter nine year o fechtin atween the French an Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the caipital o an unthirlt North Vietnam in 1954.

Durin the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities wur disruptit bi the bombin o brigs an railweys. Thir wur aw, housomeivver, promptly repaired. Follaein the end o the war, Hanoi became the caipital o a reunifee'd Vietnam whan North an Sooth Vietnam wur reunitit on 2 Julie 1976.

 Modren Hanoi 
On 29 Mey 2008, it wis decidit that Ha Tay Province, Vĩnh Phúc's Mê Linh destrict an 4 communes o Lương Sơn Destrict, Hoa Binh be mergit intae the metropolitan aurie o Hanoi frae 1 August 2008. Hanoi's tot aurie than increased tae 334,470 hectares in 29 subdiveesions wi the new population bein 6,232,940., effectively triplin its size. The Hanoi Caipital Region (), a metropolitan aurie coverin Hanoi an 6 surroondin provinces unner its admeenistration, will hae a aurie o 13,436 square kilometres wi a population o 15 million bi 2020.

Destricts

Hanoi is dividit intae 10 inner destricts, 1 toun an 18 ooter destricts. ( Hà Đông haes been transform tae an inner destrict, an Sơn Tây haes been degradit tae a toun)
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 Subdiveesions o Hanoi Provincial Ceeties/Destricts  Wairds  Aurie (km2)  Population 1 toun Sơn Tây  15  113.474  181,831 10 Urban Destricts (Quận) Ba Đình 14  9.224  228,352 Cầu Giấy  8  12.04  147,000 Đống Đa  21  9.96  352,000 Hai Bà Trưng   20  14.6  378,000 Hà Đông  17  47.917  198,687 Hoàn Kiếm   18  5.29  178,073 Hoàng Mai  14  41.04  216,277 Long Biên  14  60.38  170,706 Tây Hồ (West Lake)  8  24  115,163 Thanh Xuân   11  9.11  185,000 Subtotal  145  233.56  2,178,258 18 Rural Destricts (Huyện) Ba Vì  31 + 1 toun  428.0  242,600 (1999) Chương Mỹ  30 + 2 touns  232.9  261,000 (1999) Đan Phượng  15 + 1 toun  76.8  124,900 Đông Anh  23 + 1 toun  182.3  276,750 Gia Lâm  20 + 2 touns  114.0  205,275 Hoài Đức  19 + 1 toun  95.3  188,800 Mê Linh  16 + 2 touns  141.26  187,536 (2008) Mỹ Đức  21 + 1 toun  230.0  167,700 (1999) Phú Xuyên  26 + 2 touns  171.1  181,500 Phúc Thọ  25 + 1 toun  113.2  154,800 (2001) Quốc Oai  20 + 1 toun  136.0 (2001)  146,700 (2001) Sóc Sơn  25 + 1 toun  306.51  254,000 Thạch Thất  22 + 1 toun  128.1  149,000 (2003) Thanh Oai  20 + 1 toun  129.6  142,600 (1999) Thanh Trì (Green Ponds)  15 + 1 toun  98.22  241,000 Thường Tín  28 + 1 toun  127.7  208,000 Từ Liêm  15 + 1 toun  75.32  240,000 Ứng Hòa  28 + 1 toun  183.72  193,731 (2005) Subtotal  399 + 22 touns  3,266.186  3,872,851 Tot  559 + 22 touns  3,344.47  6,232,940

 Internaitional relations 
 Twin touns — Sister ceeties 
Hanoi is twinned wi:

 Beijing, Cheenae
 Astana, Kazakhstan
 Hong Kong, Hong Kong
 Ankara, Turkey
 Warsaw, Poland
 Toulouse, Fraunce
 Fukuoka Prefectur, Japan
 Bangkok, Thailand
 Moscow, Roushie
 Manila, Philippines
 Angoulême, Fraunce
 Seoul, Sooth Korea
 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
 Jakarta, Indonesie
 Isfahan, Iran
 Montreal, Quebec, Canadae
 Victoria, Seychelles

 References 

Category:Caipitals in Asie
Category:Destrict caipitals in Vietnam

Category:Red River Delta
Category:Provinces o Vietnam
Category:1010 establishments
Category:Populatit places established in the 11t century
Category:Port ceeties in Vietnam
Category:Ceeties in Vietnam
Category:1010s establishments in Asie