Filu (bioluggìa)

Nu filu (plurali: fila) è nu taxon usatu ntâ classificazzioni scintìfica pi tutti li cosi viventi. La palora latina Phyla veni dû grecu phylai chi foru li gruppi di pirsuni chi vutàvanu ntê stati dâ Grecia antica. Li fila rapprisèntanu li cchiù granni gruppi d'armali e autri cosi viventi chi pussèdinu certi carattiristichi biològgichi. A li voti li fila vennu divisi ntra suprafila. 

Li fila cchiù canusciuti sunnu Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Artropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata; l'umani s'appartennu cu st'ùrtimu. 

Oi lu sistema dî tri duminî veni usatu largamenti e chissu agghiunci lu liveddu di Duminiu supra Regnu comu ddu liveddu cchiù autu.

 Lista dî fila di l'armali 
FiluSignificatuNomu cumuniCarattirìstichi distintiSpeci discrittiAcanthocephalaTesta spinusaVermi câ testa spinusaSpinusu probosciscirca 1.150AcoelomorphaSenza stòmacu —Cci nni màncanu la vuccaAnnelidaAneddu nicuVermi sigmintatiTanti segghimenti cìrculicirca 15.000 Arthropodapedi junciutuTaràntuli e nzettiesschèlitru1.134.000+BrachiopodaVrazzu pediLamp shellsLophophore e pedicletra 300 e 500 BryozoaArmali di lippuArmali di lippuNuddu pidicuddu, granfi di purpucirca 5.000 speci viventiChaetognathaJancularu chî capiddi longhiVermi di filecciaSpini ogni latu dâ testa circa 100 speci viventiChordataCordaCurdatiCorda càfura chî nervi63,000+CnidariaArdìcula spinusacèlluli puncenticirca 10.000Ctenophorachi porta nu pèttiniMucciu di pèttiniOttu strisci di ciliacirca 100 speci viventiCycliophorachi porta na rotaSymbionVucca cìrculaarmenu 3EchinodermataPedda spinusa —spini caucificaticirca 7.000 speci viventi 13,000 estintiEchiuraCuda spinusaVermi di cucchiaraÀmmuricirca 140EntoproctaDintra anusVermu di caliciuAnus dintracirca 150GastrotrichaHair stomachMeiofaunaTwo terminal adhesive tubesabout 450GnathostomulidaJaw orificeJaw wormsHemichordataHalf cordAcorn wormsStomochord in collarabout 100 living speciesKinorhynchaMotion snoutMud dragonsEleven segments, each with a dorsal plateabout 150LoriciferaCorset bearerBrush headsUmbrella-like scales at each endabout 21MicrognathozoaTiny jaw animals —Accordion like extensible thorax1MolluscaThin shellMollusks / molluscsMuscular foot and mantle round shellabout 70,000 MyxozoaSlime animals —Polar capsules resembling nematocystsat least 12,000NematodaThread likeRound wormsRound cross section, keratin cuticle80 000 - 1 millionNematomorphaThread formHorsehair wormsabout 320NemerteaA sea nymphRibbon wormsabout 1200OnychophoraClaw bearerVelvet wormsLegs tipped by chitinous clawsabout 110 modernOrthonectidaStraight swimabout 20PhoronidaZeus' mistressHorseshoe wormsU-shaped gut20PlacozoaTubular animals1PlatyhelminthesFlat wormsFlat wormsabout 25,000PoriferaPore bearerSpongesPerforated interior wallover 5,000 modernPriapulidaPenisPriapulid wormsRetractable proboscis surrounded by papillae17RhombozoaLozenge animal —Single axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells75RotiferaWheel bearerRotifersAnterior crown of ciliaabout 2000SipunculaSmall tubePeanut wormsMouth surrounded by invertible tentacles144-320TardigradaSlow stepWater bearsFour segmented body and headabout 750XenoturbellidaStrange flatworm —Ciliated deuterostome2TOTAL2,400,000+

 List of principal protista phyla 
PhylumMeaningCommon nameDistinguishing characteristicsRhodophytaRed plantRed algaeAlgae with no cells having a flagellumChromistaColouredNoneAlgae having chlorophyllAlveolatesLittle hollowsNoneSimilarities within this phyla are geneticExcavatesDiggingNoneSimilarities within this phyla are geneticRhizariaOf rootsNoneAmoeboids with pseudopodsAmoebozoaChanging animalsAmoeboidsMove by cytoplasmic flowChoanozoaFunnel animalNoneFlagellum surrounded by microvilliMany more minor phyla within protista are not listed here

 Groups formerly ranked as phyla 

Name as phylumCommon nameCurrent consensusCraniata —Subgroup of phylum Chordata; perhaps synonymous with Vertebrata.CephalochordataLanceletsSubphylum of phylum ChordataCephalorhyncha —Superphylum Scalidophora.EnterepneustaAcorn wormsClass of phylum Hemichordata.PentastomidaTongue wormsSubclass of Maxillopoda of phylum Arthropoda.PogonophoraBeard wormsPart of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida.Pterobranchia —Class of phylum Hemichordata.SymplasmaGlass spongesClass Hexactinellida of phylum Porifera.UrochordataTunicatesSubphylum of phylum Chordata.VestimentiferaVent wormsPart of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida.

 List of plant divisions 
DivisionMeaningCommon nameDistinguishing characteristicsAnthophytaFlower plantFlowering plantsProducing flowers and fruit (or close relatives)BryophytaMoss plantsMosses & WortsDiploid spores, no vascular systemPteridophytaFern plantsFernsDiploid spores and vascular systemPinophytaSap/pitch plantsConifersCones containing seedsSphenophytaWedge plantHorsetailsPhotosynthetic, hollow, jointed and ridged stemsCycadophytaPalm plantsCycadsSeeds, crown of compound leavesGinkgophytaGinkgo plantsGinkgo, MaidenhairSeeds not protected by fruit (single species)GnetophytaGnetophytesSeeds and woody vascular system

 List of fungi divisions 
PhylumMeaningCommon nameDistinguishing characteristicsChytridiomycotaLittle pot mushroomChytridsCellulose in cell walls, flagellated gametesDeuteromycotaSecond mushroomImperfect fungiOnly reproduce asexuallyZygomycotaYoke mushroomZygomycetesBlend gametangia to form a zygosporangiumGlomeromycotaBall mushroomNoneForm arbuscular mycorrhizae with plantsAscomycotaBag/Wineskin MushroomSac fungiProduce spores in an 'ascusBasidiomycotaBasidium MushroomNoneProduce spores from a 'basidium'

 Liami sterni 
 Major Fila di l'armali (pi ngrisi)
 Are phyla "real"? Is there really a well-defined "number of animal phyla" extant and in the fossil record?

Catigurìa:Bioluggìa