ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ

ᱛᱵᱚᱛᱚᱛᱚᱛᱮᱱ (ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴ: ଱୍ᱷᱚᱝ, ᱳᱭᱞᱤᱼᱵᱳᱰᱯᱟ, THL:böpa) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱖᱗ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱱᱥᱩ,ᱠᱤᱱᱦᱟᱭ, ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱱᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱷᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱞᱜᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱝᱪᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱢᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟ ᱰᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱢᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ Origins and Migrations in the Extended Eastern Himalayas.  ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱᱼᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱭᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱥᱚᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ᱾

 ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ 

 ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ 
国家统计局-中国2010年人口普查资料 ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (᱒᱐᱑᱐) ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒,᱘᱒,᱑᱘᱗ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾

ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱗,᱑᱖,᱓᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔,᱙᱖,᱕᱒᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱠᱤᱱᱦᱟᱭ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓,᱗᱕,᱐᱕᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱜᱟᱱᱥᱩ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱔,᱘᱘,᱓᱕᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ (ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱱᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ) ᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱑,᱔᱒,᱒᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ (ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱰᱤᱠᱤᱝ ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴᱚ ᱚᱥᱛᱩᱛᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱐.᱔᱗% ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱙᱐.᱔᱘%, ᱠᱤᱱᱦᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱔.᱔᱔% ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑.᱘᱖% ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ᱾

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ, ᱓,᱑᱕,᱖᱒᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱙,᱒᱓,᱑᱗᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱐,᱔᱓,᱓᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾

 ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ (ᱦᱤᱢᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱠᱤᱱᱳᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱠᱷᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ (ᱵᱷᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱥᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ (ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱵᱟ,ᱞᱳᱵᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱯᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ) ᱛᱤᱭᱵᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 1959 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ 1,00,000 ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱵᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,  ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱥᱚᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱚᱠᱩᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴᱮᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚᱶᱟ ᱾ 

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ  ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱘᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

 ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ 
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱥᱴᱟᱝ,ᱰᱚᱞᱯᱳ,ᱳᱞᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱢᱤ, ᱢᱩᱪᱩ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱠᱟᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ Edward J. Mills et al., Prevalence of mental disorders and torture among Tibetan refugees: A systematic review, BMC Int Health Hum Rights.  ᱑᱐,000 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾

 ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ 
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱴᱤᱵᱮᱴᱟᱱ: ᱤᱠᱟᱹ) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱘᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ, ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾  ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱚᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱞᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱰᱳ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱼᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱝᱠᱷᱟ, ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱥ,ᱥᱮᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾

 ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ 
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ  ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱑᱐,000 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱼᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

 ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ 
ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱞᱜᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱝᱪᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱢᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱠ ᱳᱜᱨᱮᱥ ᱢᱟ ᱰᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱢᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

 ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ 

 ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ 
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱟᱨ,ᱥᱳᱴᱚᱱ, ᱞᱤᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱵᱚᱛᱵᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱛᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣᱼ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ, ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱼᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾   [citation needed]

 ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ 

 Zhangzhung Kingdom (500 BC – AD 625)
 Yarlung Dynasty (?–618) (semi-mythological)
 Tibetan Empire (618–842)
 Kingdom of Bumthang (7th–17th centuries)
 Guge Kingdom (842–1630)
 Purang Kingdom
 Maryul (930–1500)
 Tsongkha Kingdom (997–1099) (Amdo)
 Phagmodrupa Dynasty (1354–1618) (Ü-Tsang)
 Maqpon kingdom (1190–1846) (Baltistan)
 Rinpungpa Dynasty (1435–1565) (Tsang)
 Yabgo Dynasty (before 1500–1972) (Baltistan)
 Tsangpa Dynasty (1565–1642) (Tsang)
 Ganden Phodrang (1642–1959)
 Namgyal Dynasty (1460–1842) (Ladakh)
 Chogyal Namgyal dynasty of Sikkim (1642–1975)
 Tibet (1912–1951)

 ᱠᱷᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ 

 ᱱᱟᱭᱜᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱼ1865) 
 ᱯᱩᱣ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱼ1928) 
 ᱱᱟᱝᱪᱮᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱠᱨᱤᱪᱼ1928) 
 ᱞᱤᱛᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱼ1950) 
 ᱞᱤᱝᱥᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (12 ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤᱼ1950) 
 ᱰᱟᱨᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (15 ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤᱼ1956) 
 ᱦᱳᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ (ᱦᱳᱨᱯᱟ) 
 ᱵᱟᱛᱷᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱾

 ᱜᱤᱭᱟᱞᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ 

 ᱪᱚᱠᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (1407-1950) 
 ᱪᱩᱪᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱾
 ᱥᱟᱱᱞᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱾

 ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ 


 ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ 

 ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ 

 ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛᱠᱚ 


 ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ 

 Everestᱼᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱯᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱵᱚᱛᱚᱛᱚᱛᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱾ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ
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 ᱨᱩᱠᱳᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
 ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ

ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ
ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ