ᱠᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤ

ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤ (ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱠᱩᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱢᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱣᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (16 ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

 ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ 
ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱜᱟᱦ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱯᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱠ ᱥᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱚᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱠᱷᱫᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭ ᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱯᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱫᱚ ᱚᱵᱚᱫᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ (ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱠᱟ, ᱡᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱳᱡᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥᱟ, ᱞᱟᱝᱜᱳᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱛᱤᱛᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ, ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ, ᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱩᱢᱟᱵᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱵᱚᱨ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱜᱚᱜᱳᱨ, ᱠᱷᱚᱥ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱞ, ᱑᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱵᱚᱨ, ᱦᱚᱡᱨᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱨ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱜᱟᱦ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

 ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ 
ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱭᱟᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱚᱵᱚᱫᱞᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱟᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱑᱖᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱨᱤᱥᱴᱟᱵᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱚᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢᱚᱛ) ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱭᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱚᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱜᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, Birbhum, Bengal District Gazetteers, p. 132, first published 1910, 1996 reprint, Government of West Bengal

 ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ 

 ᱴᱷᱟᱶ 
ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ 23°45′38 "N 87°32′11" E ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱱᱳᱴᱼ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ 
ᱢᱩᱦᱚᱨᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱼᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱚ ᱚᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱜᱩᱱᱟᱜ (᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱘ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱚᱨᱤ) ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾Mukhopadhyay, Aditya, Birbhumer Mela, Paschim Banga, Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 203–214, (in Bengali), February 2006, Information and Culture Deptt., Government of West Bengal

 ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ 
ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱠᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱑,᱙᱙᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱓᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱕᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ᱾ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱙᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ᱾ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱴᱷᱤᱠᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱗᱓.᱑᱒%) ᱾

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