ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱣᱤᱞᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱱᱥ

ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱨᱟᱰ ᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱨᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾Lewis, p. 210 ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ (1969ᱼ1984) ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱷᱳᱨᱳᱴ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱰᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ ᱯᱮᱱᱥᱤᱞᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱱᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱨᱳᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱤᱱᱰ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ " ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳ ᱪᱤᱠ " ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱨᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱳᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱳᱵ ᱦᱳᱯ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱵᱟᱨᱴ) ᱾ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱛᱷᱚ ᱫᱚ 1944 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱳᱥᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱱᱼᱯᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱛᱨᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ' ᱱᱳ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱴ ' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾McNeil, p. 268 ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱢᱤᱠᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ' ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱯᱤᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱟᱭᱨᱤᱴᱼᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ 2009 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ (ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱮᱨᱳ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱨᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱯᱟᱭᱨᱤᱴ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱯᱟᱭᱨᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱯᱚᱞᱳᱴ 
ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ , ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱢᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱯᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤᱱ ᱱᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱵᱞᱮᱰ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾Spelvin, p. 228

ᱚᱵᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱨᱰᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ " ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱮ " ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱭᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱶ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱵᱤᱱᱼᱥᱟᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱳ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱞ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱵᱟᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱩᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ' ᱫᱟ ᱴᱤᱪᱟᱨ ' (ᱦᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱢᱥ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝᱼᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱨᱤᱛᱛᱤ ᱾Lewis, p. 211Spelvin, p. 94

ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱛᱟᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱵᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ " ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ " ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱳᱝᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱝᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱟᱹᱧ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱹᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

 ᱯᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ 

 ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱾
 ᱟᱵᱟᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱞᱤᱢᱮᱱᱥ ᱾
 ᱦᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (ᱦᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱚᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱾
 ᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱜᱚᱭ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾
 ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ (ᱨᱤᱠ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱳᱨᱮ)
 ᱡᱩᱰᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (ᱠᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱢᱤᱭᱤᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ)
 ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱾
 ᱢᱮᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱨᱟᱰ ᱫᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ (ᱮᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱜᱳᱨᱠ)

 ᱡᱳᱨᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ 
ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ 36 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱳᱭᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱳᱨᱚᱥ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱵᱨᱮᱴ ᱜᱚᱭᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱴ ᱪᱮᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱮᱡᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

' ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ' ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱮᱹᱥᱞᱤ ᱥᱯᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱤᱦᱮᱰ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱨᱡ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱮᱱᱚᱢ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾Spelvin, p. 7 ᱰᱮᱵᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱥᱵᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 100 ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱟᱞᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱰᱤᱣ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

 ᱵᱚᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ 
ᱮᱢ ᱯᱤ ᱮ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱠ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 57 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱞᱮᱦᱳᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱨᱳᱛ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱰᱚᱵᱮᱞ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾Lewis, p. 218 ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱨᱳᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱤᱱᱰ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾Lewis, p. 211Lewis, p. 112 ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱱ ᱳ ' ᱱᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱴ ᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

 ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱪ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ 
ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳ ᱪᱤᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , " ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱼᱠᱳᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱼᱯᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱛᱨᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰ ' ᱱᱳ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱴ ' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾Lewis, p. 211 ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱹᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , " ᱫᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱳᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ " ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱠᱳᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱱ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ , " ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱰᱼᱠᱳᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱱᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱚᱴ, ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱳᱱᱥ, ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱸᱰ ᱜᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾"

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱨᱳᱭᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ " ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ " ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱛᱷᱨᱳᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱼᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ' ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱚᱱᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱰᱨᱚ ᱾ " ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱰᱼᱠᱳᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱫᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ , ᱩᱱᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱥᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱹᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱨᱮ (1973 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱤᱱᱰ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱹᱱᱰ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱳᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱭᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , " ᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱼᱠᱳᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ' ᱫᱟ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱩᱱᱥ ' ᱼ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱼᱠᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ, ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ, ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [...] 'ᱫᱤᱵᱮᱞ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱳᱱᱥ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱥ ᱥᱠᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾"
YearTitleDirectorWriterThe DevilMiss JonesSupporting castStudioNotes1982The Devil in Miss Jones 2Henri PachardEllie HaywardR. BollaGeorgina SpelvinJacqueline Lorians, Jack Wrangler, Samantha Fox, Anna Ventura, Joanna Storm, Sharon Mitchell, Ron JeremyVCA PicturesA satirical take-off on the original; the title track was performed by Johnny Hartman.1986The Devil in Miss Jones 3: A New BeginningGregory DarkGregory Dark and Johnny Jump-UpJack BakerLois AyresCareena Collins, Vanessa del Rio, Amber Lynn, Kari Foxx, Tom Byron, Jennifer Noxt, Chanel, Keli Richards, Peter North, Mark Wallice, Paul Thomas, Kevin James has a non-performing role.Winner of Best Film at the 1987 AVN Awards1986The Devil in Miss Jones 4: The Final OutragePatti Petite, Kristara Barrington, Keli Richards, Krista Lane, Tamara Longley, Erica Boyer, Paul Thomas, Ron Jeremy, F.M. Bradley and Kevin JamesParts 3 & 4 together won 'Best Classic DVD' at the 2000 AVN Awards.1991The Devil in Miss Jones II: The Devil's AgendaSteve DrakeSteve DrakeRon JeremyAlexandra QuinnTaylor Wane, Cameo, Randy West, Cal Jammer, Biff Malibu, Jerry ButlerArrow ProductionsWhile not considered part of the series by some, it is nevertheless is a sequel in which Quinn plays Amanda Jones, who, in limbo after death, must choose between the devil (Jeremy) and an angel (West).Subsequent to this production, Arrow and VCX were involved in a copyright dispute over the original Devil in Miss Jones along with two other Golden Age of Porn films, Deep Throat and Debbie Does Dallas. Both companies continue to sell Devil in Miss Jones.1973 Original Edition DVD  product page at Arrow1995The Devil in Miss Jones 5: The InfernoGregory DarkSelwyn HarrisRip HymenJuli AshtonAmanda Addams, Tammi Ann, Kelly O'Dell, Nicole Lace, Vanessa Chase, Ariana, Rowan Fairmont, Barbara Doll, Rebecca Lord, Serenity, Sindee Coxx, Tom Byron, Dave Cummings, Mark DavisVCA Pictures1999The Devil in Miss Jones 6Antonio PassoliniAntonio PassoliniTina TylerStacy ValentineVicca, Nikita, Randy Spears, Juli Ashton, Dizzy, Lacey Ogden, Peris Bleu, Anita Cannibal, Scotty SchwartzIt won 'Top Renting Release of the Year' at the 2000 AVN Awards.2005The New Devil in Miss JonesPaul ThomasDean Nash and Raven TouchstoneJenna JamesonSavanna SamsonRachel Rotten, Roxanne Hall, Angelica Sin, Vicky Vette, Dick Smothers, Jr., Nick Manning, Tony Tedeschi, Georgina SpelvinVivid EntertainmentAt the 2006 AVN Awards, the remake dominated, winning Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Screenplay, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Film, Best Supporting Actress and Best All-Girl Sex Scene.The film cost $250,000 to produce, which, according to The New York Times film reviewer Mireya Navarro was "Vivid's most expensive (production) yet" and one of the most expensive pornographic productions of all time.Spelvin, star of the original film, then nearly 70 years old, took a non-sexual role as a cleaning woman and mentor to the new Miss Jones.2010The Devil in Miss Jones: The ResurrectionRaven TouchstoneSavanna SamsonBelladonnaPenny Flame, Carmella Bing, Rebeca Linares, Victoria Sin, Kurt Lockwood, Nick Manning, Steven St. Croix, Evan Stone, Tom ByronDespite several nominations at the 2011 AVN Awards, it didn't win any.

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