ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴ

ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ (᱘᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ) ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕᱕ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ (᱖᱕-᱒᱕᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ (ᱥᱤᱧᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ (ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾  ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱥᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱑᱔᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱛᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

 ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱝ 

ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

 ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ 


ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ, ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ , ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱭᱟᱝᱡᱩ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱦ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱪ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ, ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱷᱩᱨ, ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ, ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱟᱰᱮᱥ, ᱟᱭᱵᱷᱳᱨᱤ, ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱴ , ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱝᱠᱟᱥᱩᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱞᱟᱱᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱦ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

᱗ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱢᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱪᱚᱠ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ , ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱲᱟᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱗᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱟᱛ, ᱡᱳᱦᱳᱨ ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

᱑᱗ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

 ᱠᱟᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ 

ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱨᱮᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱥᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ, ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱞᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱳᱢᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱰᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱴᱨᱤᱭᱮᱥᱴ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018) pp 112. ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱙᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱘), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱛᱚ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱕% ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ, ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱟᱹ, ᱯᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ᱾  ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱑.᱓᱗ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱨᱮᱴᱤᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱑.᱕᱒ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱪᱳᱠ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ) ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱒.᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱑.᱕ ᱱᱚᱴᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ 

ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡ (ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱴᱮᱝᱠᱟᱨ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱥ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱹᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱒᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱘᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱢᱟᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

 ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ 

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾  ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱤᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾   ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾  ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱴᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ (ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱴᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱯᱟᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ) ᱑᱘᱘᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾   ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱓᱐ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ, ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱰᱮᱥᱴᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱮᱥ ᱢᱮᱠᱮᱭᱮᱱ, ᱥᱨᱮᱴᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱢ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱹᱠᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ 

ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱢᱟᱛᱨᱟ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱩᱱᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱸᱦᱟᱹ ᱚᱡᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱲᱦᱟᱹ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ  ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱹᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾  ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱑,᱑᱕᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

 ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ 

ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱳᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ  ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱛᱷᱢᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾  ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱳᱣᱟᱥᱴᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱚᱢᱥ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱛᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱯᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ , ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱐ᱹ᱕᱐/ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ (᱓ᱹ᱓/m³) ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾  ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

 World oil transit chokepoints
 Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: U.S., Japanese, Regional, and Industry Strategies (National Bureau of Asian Research, November 2010)
 BBC News report on the increased security in the Straits
 "Going for the jugular" Report on the potential terrorist threat to the Straits. From the Economist, requires subscription, in the print edition June 10, 2004
 China builds up strategic sea lanes
 A report from the International Maritime Organisation on the implementation of a Straits "Marine Electronic Highway" - a series of technological measures to ensure safe and efficient use of the busy waters
 Malacca, Singapore, and Indonesia (1978) by Michael Leifer
 The Malacca Straits Research and Development Centre homepage
 Al-Jazeera: Malacca Strait nations plan air patrol
 The Strategic Importance of the Straits of Malacca for World Trade and Regional Development
 AP: Singapore warns of terror threat in Malacca Strait, 2010-03-04

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