ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ

ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤCalled "Chin" ,  in Myanmar ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢ, ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱨᱩᱱᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾T. Haokip, 'The Kuki Tribes of Meghalaya: A Study of their Socio-Political Problems', in S.R. Padhi (Ed.). Current Tribal Situation: Strategies for Planning, Welfare and Sustainable Development. Delhi: Mangalam Publications, 2013, p. 85.

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾

ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱡᱚᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱡᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱳ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ
"ᱠᱩᱠᱤ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱗᱗᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱴᱴᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱣᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱴᱤᱝᱥ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ "ᱪᱤᱱ" ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ "ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱭ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱡᱳ" ᱥᱮ "ᱡᱳᱢᱤ" (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱡᱳ ᱦᱚᱲ") ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ "ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ "ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱭ" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱵᱨᱟᱧᱪ (Intelligence Branch) ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱞᱴᱮ, ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱴᱮ, ᱛᱷᱟᱫᱳᱣ, ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱮᱨ, ᱦᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱭ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱭ" ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ "ᱠᱷᱳᱝᱡᱟᱭ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ "ᱠᱩᱠᱤ" (ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ "ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ") ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ
ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱟ

ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ
᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ "ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ W. ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟᱞᱳᱜᱽ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱘᱕᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ.ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨᱴᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱓᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

᱑᱘᱗᱗-᱑᱘᱘᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱩᱠᱛᱷᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴ, ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱱᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱭᱨᱟᱝᱜᱽ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾

ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ  ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ
ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱥᱣᱟᱢ

ᱞᱟᱣᱢ

ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ
ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ
ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱢᱟᱝ (ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱤᱱᱯᱤ (ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱳᱝ (ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭᱤᱡ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾T. Lunkim, "Traditional System of Kuki Administration", in T. Haokip (ed.). The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture. New Delhi: Bookwell, 2013, Chapter 1.

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ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾

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