ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ

ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱩᱯᱚᱫᱤᱯ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱓᱘᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ (᱔.᱙% ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱮᱞ) ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ), ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱒᱕᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾


ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱠᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ - ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱼᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱼᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱼᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ

 ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ : ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱟᱢᱳᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 

 ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ : ᱳᱥᱮᱱᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱒᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱤᱦᱤᱧ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱨ (Average) ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱾

ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ (ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱦᱮᱭᱢᱮᱴ (Urheimat)) ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱾

ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ

ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱾

 ᱵᱨᱚᱦᱚᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
 ᱠᱟᱣᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
 ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱟᱭᱤᱱ - ᱛᱟᱜᱟᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱵᱤᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱤᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ ᱾
 ᱵᱩᱦᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱩᱦᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱦᱟᱱᱩᱱᱩᱭᱳ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱦᱟᱱᱩᱱᱩᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱱᱪᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱠᱟᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ) - ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱱᱪᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱠᱩᱞᱤᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱢᱯᱟᱝᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾ 
 ᱞᱟᱯᱩᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱞᱟᱯᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱢᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱞᱳᱱᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱵᱩᱜᱤᱱᱤᱥ, ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱥᱟᱨᱮᱥᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱞᱟᱣᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ‌ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱨᱮᱡᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱨᱮᱱᱠᱳᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
 ᱛᱟᱜᱽᱵᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱮᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
 ᱞᱳᱛᱟ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱪᱟᱢ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱪᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ
 ᱯᱮᱜᱳᱱ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱥ, ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫᱩᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱡᱟᱣᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱟᱪᱮᱦᱱᱮᱥ, ᱵᱟᱱᱡᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱝᱠᱟᱵᱟᱣ, ᱛᱟᱣᱥᱩᱝ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱪᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ - ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
 ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱩ - ᱠᱟᱭᱼᱠᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
 ᱫᱩᱱᱜᱤᱝ - ᱤᱵᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱟᱵᱷᱳᱭᱩᱞᱤ - ᱨᱟᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱮᱥᱠᱟᱭᱟᱱ - ᱮᱥᱠᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱳᱞᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱯ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ) - ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱩᱣᱟᱥ) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
 ᱨᱳᱱᱜᱳᱨᱳᱱᱜᱳ - ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱨᱟᱞᱮ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
 ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱤᱞ - ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱛᱳᱞᱟᱭ, ᱢᱳᱴᱩ, ᱢᱟᱣᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱣᱟᱱ, ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱥᱤ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱾

ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱪᱟᱨᱴ
ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱑-᱑᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞᱯᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱢᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱢᱟ (ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ), ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱢᱳᱨ, ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱟᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭ, ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱵᱳᱨᱱᱮᱭᱚ, ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱩᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾

 Comparison chart-numerals Austronesian List of Numbers 1-10  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  Proto-Austronesian  *əsa*isa  *duSa  *təlu  *Səpat  *lima  *ənəm  *pitu  *walu  *Siwa  *(sa-)puluq  Formosan languages 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  Atayal  qutux sazing  cyugal  payat  magal  mtzyu  mpitu  mspat  mqeru  mopuw  Seediq  kingal daha  teru  sepac  rima  mmteru  mpitu  mmsepac  mngari  maxal  Truku  kingal dha  tru  spat  rima  mataru  empitu  maspat  mngari  maxal  Thao  taha tusha  turu  shpat  tarima  katuru  pitu  kashpat  tanathu  makthin PaporatanunyatulpatlimaminumpitumehalmesimetsiBabuzanatanaroanaturanaspatnahopnaitunaitonatapmaitutsihetTaokastatanuruatool'alapathasaptahapyuwetomahalpattanasotais'idPazehadangdusatu'usupatxasepxasebuzaxasebidusaxasebitu'uxasebisupatisit Saisiyat  'aeihae'  roSa'  to:lo'  Sopat  haseb  SayboSi:    maykaSpat  hae'hae'  lampez  Tsou  coni yuso  tuyu  sʉptʉ  eimo  nomʉ  pitu  voyu  sio  maskʉ  Bunun  tasʔa dusa  tau  paat  hima  nuum  pitu  vau  siva  masʔan  Rukai  itha drusa  tulru  supate  lrima  eneme  pitu  valru  bangate  pulruku  Paiwan  ita drusa  tjelu  sepatj  lima  enem  pitju  alu  siva  tapuluq  Puyuma  isa zuwa  telu  pat  lima  unem  pitu  walu  iwa  pulu'  Kavalan  usiq uzusa  utulu  uspat  ulima  unem  upitu  uwalu  usiwa  rabtin Basaytsalusatsusəpattsjimaanəmpituwasusiwalabatan Amis  cecay tosa  tolo  spat  lima  enem  pito  falo  siwa  mo^tep  Sakizaya  cacay tosa  tolo  sepat  lima  enem  pito  walo  siwa   Sirayasasaatduhaturutapattu-rimatu-numpitupipakudaketengTaivoantsaha'ruhatohopaha'himalomkito'kipa'matuhakaipienMakataona-saadra-ruhara-rumara-sipatra-limara-hurumra-pitora-harura-siwara-kaitian Yami  asa dora  atlo  apat  lima  anem  pito  wao  siyam  poo  Qauqaut  is zus  dor  sop  rim  ən   pit  ar  siu  tor  Malayo-Polynesian languages 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  Proto-Malayo-Polynesian  *əsa*isa  *duha  *təlu  *əpat  *lima  *ənəm  *pitu  *walu  *siwa  *puluq Acehnese sifar  soh sa  duwa  lhee  peuet  limong  nam  tujoh  lapan  sikureueng  siploh  Balinese center|20px  nul  center|20px  besiksiki  center|20px  dua  center|20px  telu  center|20px  papat  center|20px  lime  center|20px  nenem  center|20px  pitu  center|20px  kutus  center|20px  sia  dasa  Banjar  asa  dua  talu  ampat  lima  anam  pitu  walu  sanga  sapuluh  Batak, Toba  sada  dua  tolu  opat  lima  onom  pitu  ualu  sia  sampulu  Buginese  ceddi  dua  tellu  empa  lima  enneng  pitu  arua  asera  seppulo  Cia-Cia  dise  ise  rua  ghua  tolu  pa'a  lima  no'o  picu  walu  oalu  siua  ompulu  Cham  sa  dua  klau  pak  lima  nam  tujuh  dalapan  salapan  sapluh  Javanese (Kawi)Siman Widyatmanta, Adiparwa. Vol. I dan II. Cetakan Ketiga. Yogyakarta: U.P. "Spring", 1968. sunya  20px  eka  20px  dwi  20px  tri  20px  catur  20px  panca  20px  sad  20px  sapta  20px  asta  20px  nawa  dasa  Old JavaneseZoetmulder, P.J., Kamus Jawa Kuno-Indonesia. Vol. I-II. Terjemahan Darusuprapto-Sumarti Suprayitno. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1995. das  sa  (sa' / sak)  rwa  tĕlu  pāt  lima  nĕm  pitu  walu  sanga  sapuluh  Javanese (Krama) nol  setunggal  kalih  tiga  sekawan  gangsal  enem  pitu  wolu  sanga  sedasa  Javanese (Ngoko) nol  siji from sahiji  loro from ka-rwa (ka-ro) telu  papat  lima  enem  pitu  wolu  sanga  sepuluh  Kelantan-Pattani kosong  so  duwo  tigo  pak  limo  ne  tujoh  lape  smile  spuloh  Madurese nol  settong  dhuwa'  tello'  empa'  lema'  ennem  petto'  ballu'  sanga'  sapolo  Makassarese lobbang  nolo' se're  rua  tallu  appa'  lima  annang  tuju   sangantuju  salapang  sampulo  Standard Malay(both Indonesian and Malaysian) kosong sifarfrom the Arabic صِفْر ṣifr  nolPredominantly in Indonesia, comes from the Latin nullus  sa/se  satu  suatuThe Sanskrit loanword "Ekasila" : "Eka" means 1, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle" appeared in Sukarno's speech  dua  tigaThe Sanskrit loanword "Trisila" : "Tri" means 3, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle" appeared in Sukarno's speech  empat  limaloanword from Sanskrit  पञ्चन्  páñcan -  see Sukarno's Pancasila: "five principles",  Pancawarna: "five colours, colourful".  enam  tujuh  delapanlapanlapan is a known contraction of delapan; predominant in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.  sembilan  sepuluh  Minangkabau  ciek  duo  tigo  ampek  limo  anam  tujuah  salapan  sambilan  sapuluah  Moken  cha:?  thuwa:?  teloj  (təlɔy)  pa:t  lema:?  nam  luɟuːk  waloj  (walɔy)  chewaj  (cʰɛwaːy / sɛwaːy)  cepoh  Rejang  do  duai  tlau  pat  lêmo  num  tujuak  dêlapên  sêmbilan  sêpuluak Sasak  sekek  due  telo  empat  lime  enam  pituk  baluk  siwak  sepulu  Sundanese nol  hiji  dua  tilu  opat  lima  genep  tujuh  dalapan  salapan  sapuluh  Terengganu Malay kosong  se  duwe  tige  pak  lime  nang  tujoh  lapang  smilang  spuloh  Tetun nol  ida  rua  tolu  hat  lima  nen  hitu  ualu  sia  sanulu  Tsat (HuiHui)                        There are two forms for numbers 'one' in Tsat (Hui Hui; Hainan Cham) :
  The word  is used for serial counting.
  The word  is used with hundreds and thousands and before qualifiers. Ilocano ibbong  awan  maysa  dua  tallo  uppat  lima  innem  pito  walo  siam  sangapulo  Ibanag awan  tadday  duwa  tallu  appa'  lima  annam  pitu  walu  siyam  mafulu  Pangasinan  sakey  duwa  talo  apat  lima  anem  pito  walo  siyam  samplo  Kapampanganalámétung/ isáadwá atlú  ápat  limá  ánam  pitú  walú  siám  apúlu  Tagalog walâ  isá  dalawá  tatló  apat  limá  anim  pitó  waló  siyám  sampû  Bikol wara  sarô  duwá  tuló  apat  limá  anom  pitó  waló  siyám  sampulû  Aklanon uwa   isaea  sambilog  daywa  tatlo  ap-at  lima  an-om  pito  waeo  siyam  napueo Karay-a wara  (i)sara  darwa  tatlo  apat  lima  anəm  pito  walo  siyam  napulo  Onhan  isya  darwa  tatlo  upat  lima  an-om  pito  walo  siyam  sampulo  Romblomanon  isa  duha  tuyo  upat  lima  onum  pito  wayo  siyam  napuyo  Masbatenyo  isad  usad  duwa  duha  tulo  upat  lima  unom  pito  walo  siyam  napulo  Hiligaynon wala isa  duha  tatlo  apat  lima  anom  pito  walo  siyam  napulo  Cebuano wala  usa  duha  tulo  upat  lima  unom  pito  walo  siyam  napulo  pulo  Waray waray   usa  duha  tulo  upat  lima  unom  pito  walo  siyam  napulò  Tausug sipar  isa  duwa  tū  upat  lima  unum  pitu  walu  siyam  hangpu' Maranao  isa  dua  telu  pat  lima  nem  pitu  ualu  siau  sapulu' Benuaq (Dayak Benuaq)  eray  duaq  toluu  opaat  limaq  jawatn  turu  walo  sie  sepuluh  Lun Bawang/ Lundayeh na luk dih  eceh  dueh  teluh  epat  limeh  enem  tudu'  waluh  liwa'  pulu' Dusun aiso  iso  duo  tolu  apat  limo  onom  turu  walu  siam  hopod  Malagasy aotra  isa  iray  roa  telo  efatra  dimy  enina  fito  valo  sivy  folo  Sangirese (Sangir-Minahasan)  sembau  darua  tatelu  epa  lima  eneng  pitu  walu  sio  mapulo  Oceanic languages 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  Fijian saiva  dua  rua  tolu  vaa  lima  ono  vitu  walu  ciwa  tini  Hawaiian 'ole  'e-kahi  'e-lua  'e-kolu  'e-hā  'e-lima  'e-ono  'e-hiku  'e-walu  'e-iwa  'umi  Gilbertese akea  teuana  uoua  tenua  aua  nimaua  onoua  itua  wanua  ruaiwa  tebwina  Māori kore  tahi  rua  toru  whā  rima  ono  whitu  waru  iwa  tekau ngahuru  MarshalleseCook, Richard (1992). Peace Corps Marshall Islands: Marshallese Language Training Manual (PDF), pg. 22. Accessed August 27, 2007. o̧o  juon  ruo  jilu  emān  ļalem  jiljino  jimjuon  ralitōk  ratimjuon  jon̄oul  MotuPercy Chatterton, (1975). Say It In Motu: An instant introduction to the common language of Papua. Pacific Publications.   ta  rua  toi  hani  ima  tauratoi  hitu   taurahani   taurahani-ta  gwauta  Niuean nakai  taha  ua  tolu  fā  lima  ono  fitu  valu  hiva  hogofulu  Rapanui  tahi  rua  toru  hā  rima  ono  hitu  va'u  iva  angahuru  Rarotongan Māori kare  ta'i  rua  toru  'ā  rima  ono  'itu  varu  iva  nga'uru  Rotuman  ta  rua  folu  hake  lima  ono  hifu  vạlu  siva  saghulu  Sāmoan o  tasi  lua  tolu  fa  lima  ono  fitu  valu  iva  sefulu  Sāmoan(K-type) o  kasi  lua  kolu  fa  lima  ogo  fiku  valu  iva  sefulu  Tahitian  hō'ē  tahi  piti  toru  maha  pae  ōno  hitu  va'u  iva  hō'ē 'ahuru  Tongan noa  taha  ua  tolu  fa  nima  ono  fitu  valu  hiva  hongofulu  taha noa  Trukese  eet  érúúw  één  fáán  niim  woon  fúús  waan  ttiw  engoon  Tuvaluan  tahi  tasi  lua  tolu  fa  lima  ono  fitu  valu  iva  sefulu 

 Comparison chart-thirteen wordsEnglishonetwothreefourpersonhousedogroaddaynewwewhatfireProto-Austronesian*əsa, *isa*duSa*təlu*əpat*Cau*balay, *Rumaq*asu*zalan*qaləjaw, *waRi*baqəRu*kita, *kami*anu, *apa*SapuyTetumidaruatoluhaatemaumaasudalanloronfounitasaidaahiAmiscecaytosatolosepattamdawlumawaculalancidalfarohkitaumannamalPuyumasaduatelupattawrumahsoandalanwarivekarmiamanaiapue,asiTagalogisadalawatatloapattaobahayasodaanarawbagotayo / kamianoapoyBikolsarôduwátulóapattáwoharongáyamdálanaldawbâgokitáanókalayóRinconada BikoləsaddarwātolōəpattawōbaləyayamraranaldəwbāgokitāonōkalayōWarayusaduhatuloupattawobalayayam,idodalanadlawbag-okitaanukalayoCebuanousa,isaduhatuloupattawobalayirodalanadlawbag-okitaunsakalayoHiligaynonisaduhatatloapattawobalayidodalanadlawbag-okitaanokalayoAklanonisaea,sambilogdaywatatloap-attawobaeayayamdaeanadlawbag-okitaanokaeayoKinaray-a(i)saradarwatatloapattawobalayayamdalanadlawbag-okitaanokalayoTausughambuukduwatuupattaubayiru'danadlawba-gukitaniyuunukayuMaranaoisadowat'lophattawwalayasolalangawi'ebagotanotonaaapoyKapampanganmétungadwáatlúápattáubaléásudálanaldóbáyuíkatamunánuapîPangasinansakeydua,duaratalo,taloraapat,apatiratooabongasodalanageobalosikatayoantopoolIlokanomaysaduatallouppattaobalayasodalanaldawbarodatayoaniaapoyIvatanasadadowatatdoapattaovahaychitorarahanarawva-yoyatenangoapoyIbanagtaddayduatalluappa'tolaybalaykitudalanaggawbagusittamanniafiYogadtataaddutalluappattolaybinalayatudaddamanagawbagusikitamganiafuyGaddangantetaddwatalloappattolaybalayatudallanawbawuikkanetamsanenayafuyTbolisotulewutlufattaugunuohulankdawlomitekuyteduofihLun Bawang/ Lundayehecehduehteluhepatlemulun/lunruma'uko'dalanecoberuhteuenunapuiMalay
(Malaysian/Indonesian)sa/se,satu,suatuduatigaempatorangrumah,balaianjingjalanharibarukita, kami apa,anuapiOld Javaneseesa,ekarwa,dwitĕlu,tripat,caturs.v. kawan, Old Javanese-English Dictionary, P.J. Zoetmulder and Stuart Robson, 1982wwangumah asudalandinahañar, añars.v. hañar, Old Javanese-English Dictionary, P.J. Zoetmulder and Stuart Robson, 1982kamis.v. kami, this could mean both first person singular and plural, Old Javanese-English Dictionary, P.J. Zoetmulder and Stuart Robson, 1982apa,aparanapuy,agniJavanesesiji,setunggalloro,kalihtĕlu,tigaJavanese English Dictionary, Stuart Robson and Singgih Wibisono, 2002papat,sekawanuwong,tiyang,priyantunomah,griya,dalem asu,sĕgawondalan,gilidina,dintenanyar,énggalawaké dhéwé,kula panjenenganapa,punapagĕni,latu,bramaSundanesehijiduatiluopaturangimahanjingjalanpoeanyar,enggalarurangnaonseuneuAcehnesesaduwalhèëpeuëtureuëngrumoh,balè,seuëngasèëröturoëbarô(geu)tanyoëpeuëapuiMinangkabauciekduotigoampekurangrumahanjianglabuah,jalanharibaruawakapoapiRejangdoduaitlaupattunumêakkuyukdalênbilaiblauitêjano, gen,  inêopoiLampungesesaikhuatelupakjelemalambankaciranlayakhanibarukhamapiapuiBuginesese'diduatellueppa'taubolaasulalengessobaruidi'agaapiTemuansatukduaktigakempatuwang,eanggumah,umahanying,koyokjalanaik,haikbahaukkitakapakapik Toba BataksadaduatoluopathalakjabubiangdalanaribaruhitaahaapiKelantan-Pattanisoduwotigopakogheghumoh,dumohanjingjaleaghibaghukitogapoapiChamorrohåcha,maisahuguatulufatfattaotao/tautauguma'ga'låguFrom Spanish "galgo"chålanha'åninuebuFrom Spanish "nuevo"hitahåfaguåfiMotuta,tamonaruatoihanitaurumasisiadaladinamatamataita,aidahakalahiMāoritahiruatoruwhātangatawharekurīararāhoutāua, tātou/tātaumāua, mātou/mātauahaahiGilberteseteunauouatenuaauaaomatauma,bata,auti (from house)kamea,kiri kawaibongboutitera,-ra (suffix)aiTuvaluantasiluatolufátokofalekuliala,tuuasofoutāua aafiHawaiiankahiluakoluhākanakahale'īlioalaaohoukākouahaahiBanjareseasaduwataluampaturangrūmahhadupanhekohǎrihanyarkamiapaapiMalagasyisaroateloefatraolonatranoalikalalanaandrovaovaoisikainonaafoDusunisoduotoluapattulunwalai,lamintasuralantadauwagutokouonu/nutapuiKadazanisoduvotohuapattuhunhamintasulahantadauvagutokouonu,nunutapuiRungusisoduvotolu,tolzuapattulun,tulzunvalai,valzaitasudalantadauvagutokoununutapui,apuiSungai/TambanuoidoduotoluopatlobuwwaloiasuralanrunatwagutokoonuapuiIbansatu, sa,siti, sigiduatigaempatorang,urangrumahukui,udukjalaiharibarukitainamaapiSarawak Malaysatu,sigekduatigaempatorangrumahasukjalanaribarukitaapaapiTerengganuanseduwetige pak oghangghumoh,dumohanjing jalangaghibaghu kite mende, ape,gape, napeapiKanayatnsaduatalu ampat urakngrumahasu' jalatnaribaru kami',diri'aheapi

ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Swadesh lists of Austronesian basic vocabulary words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)

Summer Institute of Linguistics site showing languages (Austronesian and Papuan) of Papua New Guinea.

Spreadsheet of 1600+ Austronesian and Papuan number names and systems – ongoing study to determine their relationships and distribution
Languages of the World: The Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) Language Family 

南島語族分布圖

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